2023年7月27日发(作者：)

Chapter III The Civilization of the Greeks

Part I: Early Greece

civilization in Aegean region: (Minoan Crete; the Mycenaeans )

Part II: The Greeks in a Dark Age (c. 1100---750 BC)

the work of Homer-the Iliad and Odyssey

Part III: The World of the Greek City-states(750---500BC)

The Polis

Colonization and the rise of Tyrants

Sparta- a military camp.

Athens (Solon’s reform; Cleisthenes reform; ostracism 陶片放逐制 )

Part IV: Classical Greece (500 BC – 323 BC)

The Greco-Persian Wars (the Battle of Marathon; at the pass of Thermopylae; near the island of Salamis)

The Age of Pericles伯里克利

The Peloponnesian War

Greek Culture

History:

Herodotus hiˈrɔdətəs 希罗多德 (c. 484-425BC) ;

Thucydides修昔底德 (c. 460-400BC)

Drama

Tragedy:

Aeschylus (525-456 B.C.) 埃斯库罗斯is the first tragedian

Sophocles(c.496-406B.C.)索福克勒斯

Euripides (c. 480 – 406 BC) 欧里庇得斯

Comedy:

Aristophanes (c. 450-c. 385 B.C.) 阿里斯托芬

Philosophy

the Presocratic philosophers 前苏格拉底

Socratic

Plato

Aristotle

Art

geometric period几何图案

the Orientalizing phase

black-figure 红底黑图

the red-figure 黑底红图

Architecture

由早期的端柱式（在侧墙立两根柱子的）、演变成前廊式（正面无墙，立四根柱子）、前后柱式（后面和正面相同，都取消墙面而采用立柱）、围柱式（四周都采用立柱）。

古希腊三大柱式: 多利克柱式、爱奥尼亚柱式、科林斯柱式