2023年7月27日发(作者：)

汉英法律专业词汇（法理、法制史、宪法学）

jurisprudence, history of legal systems and constitution

普通法法系 common-law system

普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy

普通法上的过失 common-law negligence

普通法上的留置权 common-law lien

普通法学 general jurisprudence

强制办法 coercive method

强制规定 mandatory provisions

强制性法规 mandatory rule of law

强制性条款 mandatory term

侵犯财产权 property torts

侵权行为法 tort law

侵权责任 tortious liability

清理法规 check up laws and regulations

区域性法律体系 regional system of laws

取证 obtain evidence

确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership

affirmation

确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria

权威解释 authentic interpretation

人法 human law, statute personalia

人格减等 capitis deminutio

人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person

人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations

人身关系 personal relation

任意解释 arbitrary interpretation

《日耳曼法》germanic law

柔性宪法 flexible constitution 三权分立 separation of powers

善意推定 presumption of good faith

商法 commercial law

商法典 code of commerce

社会法学 sociological jurisprudence

社会关系 social relations

社会规范 social regulation

社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence

社会契约论 theory of social contract

社会团体：social organization

社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence

社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law

神法 divine law

神权说 theory of divine right

审查制度 censorship; inspection system

审计监督 supervise through auditing

审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing

生效条款 operative clause

失效法律 expired laws

失效日 expiry date

施行细则 implementary provisions

实证主义法学派 the positivist school

《十二表法》 twelve tables

实体法 material law; substantial law

实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense

实体权利 substantive right

实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism

实在法 positive law

实在法学 positive jurisprudence

实在法学派 positivist 实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence

实证法学 positive jurisprudence

实质条款 material stipulation

实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance

实质性解释 material interpretation

事实的推定 presumption of fact

事业单位：institution

适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law

适用范围 area of application; sphere of application

适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc

shall apply to)

溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity

溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect

损害赔偿 damages

梭伦 solon

弹性宪法 elastic constitution

特别程序 special procedure

特别但书 special proviso

特别法 special law

特殊主体 special subject

提案motion; overture; proposal

提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead

条约法 law of treaties

同态复仇 retaliation

推定合法presumption of legality

停止生效cease to have effect

外国法 foreign law

外国法制史 foreign legal history

外国人待遇 foreigner treatment

完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct 完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal

transaction

完全无行为能力 absolute disability

万民法 jus gentium

违法构成要件 essential condition of delict

违宪 violation of constitution

乌尔比安 ulpianus

无国籍人：stateless persons

无条件解释 unconditional interpretation

无效的法律 void law

无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect

物权 property

西塞罗 marcus tullius cicero

习惯法custom law

细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws

狭义解释 narrow definition

下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided

先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite

现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence

现行法律 current law; existing law

限制解释 restrictive interpretation

判例法系 case law system

普通法法系 common-law system

判例法系 case law system

判例汇编 reports; reports of judgments

普通法 common law

普通法法系 common-law system

普通法上的补偿 common-law remedy

普通法上的过失 common-law negligence 普通法上的留置权 common-law lien

普通法学 general jurisprudence

强制办法 coercive method

强制规定 mandatory provisions

强制性法规 mandatory rule of law

强制性条款 mandatory term

侵犯财产权 property torts

侵权行为法 tort law

侵权责任 tortious liability

清理法规 check up laws and regulations

区域性法律体系 regional system of laws

取证 obtain evidence

确权之诉 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership

affirmation

确认之诉 action for confirmation; actio confessoria

权威解释 authentic interpretation

人法 human law, statute personalia

人格减等 capitis deminutio

人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person

人身非财产关系 personal non-property relations

人身关系 personal relation

任意解释 arbitrary interpretation

《日耳曼法》germanic law

柔性宪法 flexible constitution

三权分立 separation of powers

善意推定 presumption of good faith

商法 commercial law

商法典 code of commerce

社会法学 sociological jurisprudence

社会关系 social relations 社会规范 social regulation

社会连带主义法学 social solidarism jurisprudence

社会契约论 theory of social contract

社会团体：social organization

社会主义法学 socialist jurisprudence

社会主义法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law

神法 divine law

神权说 theory of divine right

审查制度 censorship; inspection system

审计监督 supervise through auditing

审计监督权 power to supervise through auditing

生效条款 operative clause

失效法律 expired laws

失效日 expiry date

施行细则 implementary provisions

实证主义法学派 the positivist school

《十二表法》 twelve tables

实体法 material law; substantial law

实体法上的抗辩 substantial defense

实体权利 substantive right

实用主义法学 judicial pragmaticism

实在法 positive law

实在法学 positive jurisprudence

实在法学派 positivist

实在主义法学 positivist jurisprudence

实证法学 positive jurisprudence

实质条款 material stipulation

实质性的瑕疵 defect of substance

实质性解释 material interpretation

事实的推定 presumption of fact 事业单位：institution

适用法律 reference to the law; applicable law

适用范围 area of application; sphere of application

适用中国法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc

shall apply to)

溯及既往原则 doctrine of retroactivity

溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect

损害赔偿 damages

梭伦 solon

弹性宪法 elastic constitution

特别程序 special procedure

特别但书 special proviso

特别法 special law

特殊主体 special subject

提案motion; overture; proposal

提出抗辩 raise a plea; raise a plead

条约法 law of treaties

同态复仇 retaliation

推定合法presumption of legality

停止生效cease to have effect

外国法 foreign law

外国法制史 foreign legal history

外国人待遇 foreigner treatment

完全民事权利能力：full capacity for civil conduct

完全丧失行为能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal

transaction

完全无行为能力 absolute disability

万民法 jus gentium

违法构成要件 essential condition of delict

违宪 violation of constitution 乌尔比安 ulpianus

无国籍人：stateless persons

无条件解释 unconditional interpretation

无效的法律 void law

无效法律行为 void act; act without legal effect

物权 property

西塞罗 marcus tullius cicero

习惯法custom law

细则 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws

狭义解释 narrow definition

下文另有规定者除外 except as hereinafter provided

先决条件 precedent condition; prerequisite

现实主义法学 realism jurisprudence

现行法律 current law; existing law

限制解释 restrictive interpretation

宪法的解释 interpretation of constitution

宪法修正案 constitution amendment

宪法学 constitutional jurisprudence

相对主义法学 relativist jurisprudence

新分析法学 new analytical jurisprudence

新律 new law , novellae

行为规范 code of conduct

学说编纂 the pandekta

形式主义法学 formalist jurisprudence

亚里士多德 aristotle

严格解释 strict interpretation

严重不法行为 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior

严重违法 break the law on a serious scale

要件 important condition; essential condition

一般客体 general object 一般权利能力 general legal capacity

一般主体 general subject

一事不再理的保证 guarantee against double jeorpardy

依法办案 handle cases according to law

依法独立行使职权 independent exercise of powers within the

framework of the law

依照法律的规定 as prescribed by law

以法律为准绳 take law as the criterion

依法治国 genuine rule of law; running the country according

to law

义务性规范 obligatory rule

义务主体 subject of duty

英美法系 anglo-american legal system

永恒法 eternal law

优士丁尼法典 the codex justinianus

优士丁尼皇帝 justinian

《优士丁尼民法大全》（《国法大全》）corpus juris civilis

有法必依 ensure that laws are observed

有法律约束力 legally binding

有条件解释 conditional interpretation

有效期间 time of effect; term of validity

与法律规定不符 against the forms of the statute

与法律相抵触的行为act going against the law

域外效力 extraterritorial effect

援引法律条文 invoke a legal provision

（古罗马的）元老院 the senate

约束力 binding; binding effect

在法律的范围内 within the law

暂行条例interim regulations; provisional regulation

整体法学 integrative jurisprudence 正当权益 justified rights; legitimate interests

正式解释 official interpretation

正式渊源 formal source

政法学院 institute of political science and law

知法犯法 deliberately break the law

执法必严 ensure that law’s enforcement be strict

执法人员 law enforcement officials

执行权 enforcement power

直接故意 actual intent; direct intent

直接后果 immediate consequence

直接客体 direct object

直接主体 direct subject

制定法 statute

制宪权constituent power

治外法权 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction

中端时效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation

中国大陆的法律 law of china’s mainland

中国法制 chinese legal system

中国法制史 chinese legal history

中国特色的社会主义法制 socialist legal system with chinese

character

中华法系 chinese legal system

《中华人民共和国香港特别行政区基本法》the basic law of

hong kong special administrative region of the people’s

republic of china

主要法律体系principal legal system

自然法 natural law

自然法学派 natural law school

组成合议庭开庭审理：form a collegial panel to conduct the

trial 最高国家权力机关 highest organ of state power

最高人民法院的解释 interpretation of supreme people’s

court

遵循先例原则 the doctrine of stare

作为或不作为 act or omission