2023年7月27日发(作者：)

AppliedEconomicsLetters,2009,16,1489–1492Moreinequality,lesssocialmobilityDanAndrewsaandAndrewLeighb,*abKennedySchoolofGovernment,HarvardUniversityResearchSchoolofSocialSciences,AustralianNationalUniversityDownloaded

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2009Weinvestigngfathers’earningswithusingdetailedoccupationaldata,wefindthatsonswhogrewupincountriesthatweremoreunequalinthe19uctionAcommonviewamongcitizensoflargeindustria-lizedcountriesisthateconomicinequalityisfair,providedthereareequalopportunities.1Atthesametime,theretendstobeabeliefthatequalopportunitynormsareviolatedwhenthedegreeofintergenera-tionalmobilityislowandfamilybackgroundexertsastronginfluenceonchildren’ereforereasonabletothinkthatinequaethisimportantconceptualnexusbetweensocialmobilityandinequality,theliteraturesoninequalityandintergerylittleisknownabouttheassociationbetweeninequal-ityandintergenerationalmobilitystandsincontrasttotheburgeoningliteratureontheconsequencesofinequalityforvariablessuchaseconomicgrowth,xtentthatotherstudieshavelookedattherelationshipbetweeninequalityandsocialmobility,theanalysishasbeendescriptive,orfocusedaroundthequestionof‘Americanexceptionalism’.Toourknowledge,thereisnopreviousstudythathasformallytestedthehypothesisthatthereisarelationshipbetweenacountry’heoreticalperspective,therelsibilityisthatwheninequalitybetweenparentsincreases,intergenerationalmobilitywillfallbecauseitiseasierforrichparentstobuytheirchildreneducationaladvantagesthatlesswell-offparentscannotafford(BurtlessandJencks,2003).ButasSolon(2004)argues,thiseffectwillbeunderminedtotheextentthatchildrenfromlessarchannelthroughwhichinequalitymighunequalsocieties,themedianvoterwilltendtoliefurtherbelowthemeanincomeandmayhaveastrongerpreferenceforredistribution(AlesinaandGlaeser,2004).Conversely,ifhigherinequalityincreasesthepoliticalinfluenceofthewealthy–perhapsthroughcampaignfinancecontributions–thenthescopeforgovernmenttoinstituteprogressivepoliciesmaynarrow(BurtlessandJencks,2003).Finally,higherinequalitymightreduceintergenerationalmobilitytotheextentthatitleadstosegregationalongincomelines,resultinginadversepeereffectsforchildrenfromlow-incomefamilies(Durlauf,1996).tingIntergenerationalMobilityAmajorobstacletosystematicempiricalresearchintothelinkbetweeninequalityandintergenerational*Correspondingauthor.E-mail:@1In1991,almostalladultsinWestGermany,BritainandtheUnitedStates,andamajorityofadultsinJapan,agreedwiththestatement‘It’sfairifpeoplehavemoremoneyandwealth,butonlyifthereareequalopportunities.’(JencksandTach,2006).AppliedEconomicsLettersISSN1350–4851print/ISSN1466–4291onlineß2009Taylor&Francis:10.1080/,itwouldbecomparablesuchthatcross-countrydifferencesinestimatedmobilityaremeaningfu,itwouldconta1999SocialInequalityIIImoduleoftheInternationalSocialSurveyProgram(ISSP)–whichweutilizeinthisarticle–scoreshighlyonthefirstcriteriatotheextentthatitcontainsinformation,collectedonaconsistentbasis,r,thisispartlyoffsetbyteforefollowaspateofpreviousstudies(undandJantti,1997;Grawe,2001;Leigh,2007)iniricalstrategyinvolvesathree-stepestima-tionprocedure,usingdataonmenaged25–,foreachofthe16countrieswheredataonfathers’occupationisavailable,weregresstherelationshipbetweenloghourlywagesyijofindividualiinoccupationjonavectorofdummiesforeachoccupationXij,andaquadraticinageAi,yij¼