2023年6月24日发(作者：)

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第二部分 基本知识和基本技能测试

1. Which of the following statements about language is NOT True? C

A. Language is a system. B. Language is symbolic

C. Animals also have language. D. Language is arbitrary.任意的

2. Which of the following choices is not a constituent成分? A

A. I like the song. B. I C. song D. like

3. Of the following sound combination, only ________ is permissible. A

A. kibl B. bkil D. ilbk

4. The relation between the determiner “this” and the noun “man” in the

phrase “this man” is ____

A. government B. concord C. binding

paradigmatic

5. The sentence that has a NP and a VP is mostly shown in a _______

formula “S → NP + VP”.

A. hierarchical

vertical

6. “ Big ” and “ small ” are a pair of _______ opposites. B

A. complementary B. gradable可分级的C. complete D. converse

7. Which of the following phrases is exocentric ?

A. women and men B. on the table C. a clever boy D.

an ugly man

8. Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by _______.D

A. Chomsky B. Halliday C. Firth D. Saussure

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D.

B. linear C. tree diagram D. -----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料-----

9. Which pair of words is NOT a minimal pair最小对立体? B

A. cat / bat

sit / bit

10. Which function is the major role of Language?

A. Informative B. Interpersonal mative D.

Emotive

11. If two sounds are in complementary distribution互补分布, they are

_______ of the same phoneme.B

A. symbols B. allophones C. phones

D. signs

12. Which branch of study cannot be included in the scope of Linguistic?

D

A. syntax B. Pragmatics C. Phonetics D.

Anthropology

13. Atom is a word of _______ origin.

A. Latin B. Greek C. Chomsky

D. Spanish

14. The distinction of langue and parole is made by _______.D

A. Hall B. Sapir C. Chomsky

D. Saussure

15. _______ are bound morphemes because they cannot be used as

separate words. C

A. Roots B. Stems C. Affixes

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B. put / but C. jig / pig D. -----WORD格式--可编辑--专业资料-----

D. Compounds

16. _______ is the study of the relationship between symbols and their

interpreter. C

A. Syntax B. Semantic C. Pragmatics

D. Sociolinguistic

17. _______ is the defining properties of units like nouns (number, gender,

case, etc) and verbs (tense, aspect, voice, etc). C

A. Parts of speeches B. word classes C. Categories D. Functions of words

18. The noun “tear” and the verb “tear” are _______. B

A. homophones B. homographs C. complete homonyms

D. allophones

19. The _______ function of language is one of the most powerful uses of

language because it is so crucial重要的、

in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against someone

or something. A

A. performative B. phatic C. recreational D.

emotive

20. The term _______ may be defined as a way of referring to the

approach which studies language changes over various periods of time

and at various historical stages. C

A. synchronic linguistic B. comparative linguistic

C. diachronic linguistic D. historical comparative linguistics

21. _______ examines how meaning is encoded in a language. A

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A. Semantic B. Syntax C. Pragmatics D.

Morphology

22. Saussure distinguishes the linguistic competence of the speaker as

_______. D

A. parole B. language C. system D. langue

23. This fundamental distinction between competence and performance is

discussed by _______. A

A. Chomsky B. Saussure C. Bloomfield

Austin

24. An affix can be added to certain type of _______ to form a new word.

C/D

A. infix B. affix C. stem D. word

D.

25. In a sentence, which of the following is usually NOT stressed? C

A. Nouns B. Verbs C. Prepositions D. Adj.

26. The maxim of _______ requires that a participant’s contribution be

relevant to the conversation. D

A. quantity B. quality C. manner D. relation

27. The relationship between “meat” and “meet” is _______. D

A. synonymy B. antonymy C. polysemy D. homonymy

28. That there is no direct link between language and the real world is the

view of _______ concerning the study of meaning. B

语义三角

A. naming B. conceptualist C. contextualist D.

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behaviorist

29. What are the dual structures of language? A

A. Sounds and letters语音和词汇 B. Sounds and meanings

C. Letters and meanings D. Sounds and symbols

30. Where are the vocal cords声带? D

A. In the mouth

B. In the nasal cavity

C. Above the tongue

D. Inside the larynx喉咙

31. Which of the following statements about language is NOT true? D/B

A. Language is a means of verbal communication.

B. Language is some arbitrary symbols.

C. The language system is unique to human beings.

D. Language is yet to be understood.

32. _______ studies the sound system in a certain language. B

A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Semantics

Syntax

33. _______ is the smallest unit of language in terms of relationship

between expression and content. C

A. Root B. Allomorph C. Morpheme D. Word

D.

34. A speaker’s actual utterance in Chomsky’s terminology is called

_______. D

A. deep structure B. linguistic universals

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C. universal grammar D. surface structure

35. A word with several meanings is called _______ word. A

A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple

36. The study of how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning

in communication is _______. B

A. general linguistic B. phonology C. semantics D. morphology

37. Leech divided meanings into _______ types.

A. 4 B. 5 C.6 D. 7

38. English has managed to widen her vocabulary by borrowing words

from other language except _______.

A. French

Greek

39. Distinctive features辨音特质 are used to describe _______. A

A. phones B. phonology C. allophones

D. phonemes

40. The English word “untouchable” is composed of _______ morphemes.

B

A. four B. three C. two

D. five

41. The process by which words are formed by putting the initial letters of

several words together is called _______.

A. compounding B. clipping

D. blending

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B. Korean C. Latin D.

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42. “The Adam’s Apple” is _______.

A. a kind of apple B. related to Adam C. the front part of larynx

D. on the top of larynx

43. The founder of modern linguistics is _______. D

A. Chomsky B. Halliday C. Bloomfield D.

Saussure

44. Modern linguistics focuses on the present day language, and it will be

possible to describe language from a _______ perspective. B

A. sociological B. synchronic C. diachronic D. psychological

45. The four major modes of semantic change are _______.

A. extension, narrowing, meaning shift and class shift

B. extension, generalization, elevation and degradation

C. extension, narrowing, specialization and degradation

D. extension, elevation, amelioration and degradation

46. In the production of consonants at least _______ articulator are

involved.

A. one

four

47. The basic unit in the study of morphology is _______. B

A. the internal structure B. morpheme

C. the rules by which words are formed D. word

48. The relation between “food” and “bread” is called _______. D

A. synonymy B. polysemy C. homonymy D. hyponymy

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49. Voiceless sounds are produced when the vocal folds are _______. A

A. closed

D. completely open

50. Which of the following is NOT a compound word? B

A. Pencil box

D. Upstairs

51. _______ involve more than one manners of articulations发音方法.

C

A. Stops B. Fricatives摩擦音 C. Affricates破擦音D. Laterals侧根

52. Which is not true for the vowel [ i ]? C

A. High

Front

53. The sentence “ I apologize!” belongs to the category of _______

according to Searle’s speech act theory. D

A. expressives B. declarations C. representative D. commissives

54. General linguistics is the scientific study of _______. C

A. language of a certain individual

B. the English language

C. human languages in general

B. Unrounded C. Mid D.

B. Unreasonable C. Deadline

B. apart C. totally closed

D. the system of a particular language

55. The distinction between vowels and consonants lies in _______. B

A. the place of articulation

B. the obstruction of airstreams

C. the position of the tongue

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D. the shape of the lips

56. _______ studies how speech sounds are made, transmitted and

received. A

A. Phonetics B. Phonology C. Phoneme D. Phonics

57. _______ sounds are produced with the back of the tongue and the soft

palate. D

A. Velar B. Palatal C. Glottal D. Alveolar

58. _______ is concerned with the study of the actual use of language in

communication. C

A. Sociolinguistic B. Semantic C. Pragmatics D.

Synchronic linguistic

59. Where is the primary stress of the word “phonology”? B

A. pho B. no C. lo D. gy

60. _______ refers to the utterance of a sentence with determinate sense

and reference. C

A. Locutionary act

B. Illocutinary act

C. Perlocutionary

D. Speech act

61. Which of the following words is built by Abbreviation?

A. Smog B. Fridge C. Motel D. Edit

62. What is the full form of LAD? D

A. Language associative district B. Language

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acquisition district

C. Language associative device

device

63. The semantic components of the word “man” can be expressed as

_______. B

A. + animate, + human, + male -adult

B. +animate, + human, + male, + adult

C.+ animate, + human, ―male, ―adult

D. + animate, + human, －male, +adult

64. A (n) _______ is the smallest unit of sound in a language, which can

distinguish two words. C

A. morpheme

allophone

65. Productivity is one of the _______ features of language. B

A. distinctive B. design

pragmatics

66. What is the common feature of the three sounds: [b], [p],[m]? D

A. Voiceless B. Voiced C. Nasal D. Bilabial双唇音

67. Which of the following items is NOT one of the grammatical

categories of English pronouns? D

A. Gender B. Number C. Case D. Voice

68. In the word “internationalism”, which part is the root? B

A. inter B. nation

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D. Language acquisition

B. sound C. phoneme D.

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D. ism

69. “voiced fricatives → voiceless / _______ voiceless” is a _______.

A. phonological rule B. syntactic rule C. phrase structure rule

D. functional rule

70. The word “pen” originally meant “feather used for writing with ink”.

Now it refers to any device used for writing with ink. This is an

example of _______.

A. degradation of meaning B. broadening of meaning

C. narrowing of meaning D. elevation of meaning

71. The word “smog” is formed through _______, B

A. backformation B. blending C. clipping D.

derivation

72. In general, language acquisition refers to children’s development of

their _______ language.

A. first

individualized

73. Which of the following statements are NOT true for vowels? D

A. Vowels are sonorants.

B. In the production of vowels, there is no obstruction of air.

C. Tongue height is one criterion to distinguish vowels

D. Vowels are also called obstruents.

74. All syllables must have a _______.

A. coda B. onset C. nucleus D.

B. second C. dialectal D.

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consonant

75. Lkaps is not a possible word form in English due to _______. B

A. sonority scale B. phonological rule C. syntactic rule

D. morphological rule

76. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Chomsky’s TG

Grammar? D

A. Innateness

C. Emphasis on interpretation

stimulus-response reinforcement

77. “Judo” is of _______ origin.

A. Scottish

Chinese

78. Which of the following is the major cause of invention of new lexical

items?

A. The rapid development of science and technology

B. The way of language teaching

C. The way of children’s language acquisition

D. Economic activities

79. In Chomsky’s TG Grammar, which theory focused discussion on

governmental and binding?

A. The Classical Theory B. The Standard Theory

D. The Revised Extended

B. Korean C. Japanese D.

B. Deductive methodology

D. Emphasis on

C. The Extended Standard Theory

Standard Theory

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80. When the suffix _______ is added to a verb, it changes this verb into

an adjective. A

A. less B. ness C. fully D. er

81. The function of the sentence “Lovely weather, isn’t it?” is _______. B

A. informative B. phatic

recreational

82. Once the notion of _______ was taken into consideration, semantics

spilled into pragmatics. B

A. meaning B. context

content

83. Which of the following criteria can NOT be used to classify vowels? C

A. The part of the tongue that is held highest

of the mouth

C. The vibration of the vocal cords

lips

84. There are _______ maxims under the cooperative principle. C

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

D. The shape of the

B. The openness

C. form D.

C. performative D.

85. Chomsky argues that LAD probably consists of _______ elements.

A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5

86. “Buy” and “sell” form a pair of _______. C

A. conversives B. gradable antonyms C. complementary antonyms

D. marked antonyms

87. If a phoneme is substituted for another in a word and the substitution

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results in a change of the word meaning, the two phonemes are said to

be _______.D

A. minimal pair B. minimal set

distinctive features

88. _______ is a phrase which can only be understood as a unit, not as a

summation of the meaning of each constituent word. B

A. Collocation B. Idiom C. Semantic component

D. distinctive features

89. The well-known formula: S → r … s → R was put forward by

_______. A

A. Bloomfield B. Firth C. Hockett D. Harris

90. _______ is a pair of complementary antonyms. D

A. Wild and tame B. Nimble and lame

Alive and dead

91. Firth’s second important contribution to linguistics is his method of

prosodic analysis, called _______.

A. prosodic phonology

C. optimality phonology

B. feature geometry

D. super-segmental phonology

C. Cold and warm D.

C. distinctive phonemes D.

92. Which of the following is NOT a Supra-segmental feature? D

A. Syllable B. Stress C. Tone D. Voicelessness

93. The s in drums is _______. D

A. a morpheme B. a stem C. a root D. an inflectional affix

94. The word bodyguard is a _______. A

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A. compound word B. complex word C. derivation word D.

free morpheme

95. In English, the gender distinctions are _______. D/B

A. not related to real world entities

B. on the whole natural

C. divided into Feminine, Masculine and neuter

D. divided into Feminine and Masculine

96. Halliday’s Systemic- Functional Grammar takes _______ as the object

of study.

A. actual uses of language

B. ideal speaker’s linguistic competence

C. children’s language

D. adult’s language

97. Which of the following English word is NOT bilabial? D

A. [ b ] B. [ m ] C. [ p ] D. [ f ]

98. _______ can be used independently without being combined with

other morphemes. A

A. Free morphemes B. Bound morphemes C. Affixes D. Roots

99. Which of the following words is a derivation派生词 one? C

A. Blackboard B. Sings C. Astonishment D. Boys

100. John Austin proposed _______ in the late 1950s. A

A. Speech Act Theory B. 7 types of meaning

C. Cooperative Principle D. Predication analysis

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101. WTO is _______.

A. an abbreviation

B. an acronym

C. a word which is formed by blending

D. a word which is formed by backformation

102. For Bloomfield, linguistics is a branch of psychology and specifically

of the brand of psychology known as _______.

A. behaviorism B. structuralism C. competence D.

performance

103. Which of the following is a voiceless bilabial stop? D

A. [ w ]

[ p ]

104. _______ is NOT a grammatical category of English verbs. D

A. Tense B. Aspect

105. All words contain a _______. A

A. root

suffix

106. Of the following word formation processes, _______ is the most

productive.

A. clipping B. blending C. initialism D.

derivation

107. _______ practiced a special style of synchronic linguistics and its

most important contribution to linguistics is that it sees language in

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B. [ m ] C. [ b ] D.

C. Number D. Gender

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terms of function.

A. The London School

C. The Prague School

B. American structuralism

D. The TG Grammar

108. _______ is NOT included in Leech’s associative meaning.

A. Connotative meaning B. Social meaning

D. Thematic meaning C. Collocative meaning

109. _______ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element

and nonlinguistic world of experience. B

A. Sense B. Reference C. Symbol

Thought

110. Luggage and baggage are _______ synonyms. A

A. dialectal B. stylistic C. semantically different

D. collocational

111. The maxim of quality requires: do not say what you believe to be

_______. A

A. false B. true C. indirect

D. insufficient

112. Knight originally meant youth, but now it means a medieval

gentleman soldier. This is a meaning _______.

A. broadcasting B. narrowing C. meaning shift

D. class shift

113. Expressions like “Tom” or “He” can both be filled in the blank of the

sentence “_______ is smiling.” So Tom and He have _______ relation.

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A. syntagmatic B. paradigmatic C. systematic

governing

114. Foolish which come from “fool + ish” is a _______ word. A

D.

A. derivational B. inflectional C. compound D. complex

115. The Prague School is best known for its contribution to _______.

A. phonetics B. syntax C. morphology

D. phonology

116. Which of the following is NOT the function of language?

A. Metalingual function B. Interpersonal function

D. Cultural transmission C. Emotive function

117. “We can do things with words” is the main idea of _______. A

A. the speech act theory B. the cooperative principles

C. the polite principles D. pragmatics

118. Motel is a (n) _______.

A. abbreviation B. coinage C. blending D.

acronym

119. _______ is NOT a pair of homophones. C

A. “Fair” (adj) and “fair” (n) B. “Flea” and “flee”

C. “Lead” (v) and “lead” (n)

“complement”

120. The classic semantic triangle or triangle of significance mainly

illustrates the view of _______. A

A. conceptualism B. contextualism

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structuralism

121. We can refer to Confucius, even though he has been dead for over

2500 years. This feature of language is called _______. D

A. duality

displacement

122. Which function of language is also called ideational function in the

framework of functional grammar?

A. Informative function B. Interpersonal function

C. Emotive function D. Recreational function

123. _______ investigates the interrelation of language and mind. A

A. Psycholinguistic B. Sociolinguistic

C. Anthropological linguistics D. Computational linguistics

124. Morphology is concerned with _______.C

A. the meaning of words

B. the pronunciation of words

C. the internal organization of words

D. the combination of words into sentences

125. The sentence “You should never use cliché in writing” is _______. B

A. descriptive B. prescriptive C. obligatory

D. narrative

126. If a study focuses on Shakespearean language, it is _______ study. B

A. diachronic B. synchronic C. systematic

D. pragmatic

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127. _______ is the study of the physical properties of the sounds

produced in speech. C

A. Auditory phonetics B. Articulatory phonetics

C. Acoustic phonetics D. phonology

128. / l / is the only _______ in English. D

A. fricative

lateral

129. [ f, v ] are both labiodentals and _______. B

A. nasals

D. alveolar

130. The idea of establishing a phonetic alphabet was first proposed by the

Danish grammarian _______.

A. Otto Jespersen B. Daniel Jones

A. M. Bell

131. The Second Patterns of English mainly deals with _______.

A. multi-level phonology B. non-linear phonology

linear approach of

C. A. J. Ellis D.

B. fricatives摩擦音 C. affricatives

B. affricative C. nasal D.

C. super segmental phonology D.

phonology

132. In Chinese Putonghua, only _______ can occur after the vowel.

A. nasals B. stops C. lateral D. vowels

133. A compound is composed of _______. D

A. a root and an affix B. a stem and an affix

C. a root and a free morpheme D. two free morphemes

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134. The word hamburger is of _______ origin.

A. American B. Italian

French

135. The phrase “the three small Chinese children” is _______

construction.

A. endocentric

linear

136. The contextualist view of meaning is based on the presumption that

one can derive meaning from _______. B

A. function

observation

137. If one word has more than one meaning, then we call it _______. A

A. polysemy B. synonymy C. homonymy D.

hyponymy

138. The words “male” or “female” are _______ antonyms. B

A. gradable B. complementary C. converse

complete

139. The words “amaze” and “astound” are very close in meaning, they

are _______ synonyms. B

A. dialectal

D. collocational

140. Which pair is the emotive synonym? C

A. dad and father B. flat and apartment

B. stylistic C. semantically different

D.

B. context C. instinct D.

B. exocentric C. hierarchical D.

C. German D.

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C. mean and frugal D. charge and accuse

141. The words “rain” and “reign” are _______. C

A. homographs B. complete homonymsC. homophones D.

allophones

142. B. L. Whorf was the student of _______.

A. Bloomfield B. Firth C. Halliday

D. Sapir

143. Which of the following function are NOT the functions put forward

by Halliday?

A. The Ideational Function B. The Interpersonal Function

C. Generative Function D. The Textual Function

144. Which of the following is NOT Saussure’s field of study?

A. Linguistic B. Sociology C. Psychology D.

Anthropology

145. Grice introduces four categories of maxims, which one means we

should be clear in our meaning? B

A. Quantity Maxim B. Manner Maxim

D. Relation Maxim

146. The Q-principle is _______.

A. hearer-based B. speaker- based

D. context- based

C. Quality Maxim

C. both the hearer and the speaker based

147. Sense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of

_______. B

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A. word function

B. word meaning

D. word system C. word structure

148. The notion of Functional Sentence Perspective is used to describe

_______.

A. how information is distributed in sentences

B. how sentences are formed

C. the function of sentences

D. the relation between language and its users.

149. The first major theory in the study of language in use is called

_______.

A. illocutionary theory B. Speech Act Theory

C. conversational implicature D. the Q and R- principle

150. _______ is the major concern of semantics. A

A. Meaning B. Words C. Sentence structures D.

Phrase structure rules.

2005-2012年专八语言学真题

1. B. In English if a word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound

must be a vowel. This is a (n) ___________.

A. assimilation rule. B. sequential rule

grammar rule.

2. D. Which of the following is an example of clipping?

A. APEC. B. Motel. C. Xerox. D.

C. deletion rule. D.

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Disco.

3. A. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular

type of" situation is called ____________.

A. register. B. dialect. C. slang. D. variety.

4. Which of the following is NOT a design feature of human language?

A. Arbitrariness.

D. Diachronicity.

5. What type of sentence is “Mark likes fiction, but Tim is interested in

poetry.”?

A. A simple sentence. B. A coordinate sentence.

D. None of the above.

B. Displacement. C. Duality.

C. A complex sentence.

6. The phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same

form is called

A. hyponymy. B. synonymy. C. polysemy. D.

homonymy.

7. The study of the mental processes of language comprehension and

production is

A. corpus linguistics. B. sociolinguistics.

C. theoretical linguistics. D. psycholinguistics.

8. A special language variety that mixes languages and is used by speakers

of different languages for purposes of trading is called

A. dialect. B. idiolect. C. pidgin. D. register.

9. When a speaker expresses his intention of speaking, such as asking

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someone to open the window, he is performing __________.

A. an illocutionary act. B. a perlocutionary act.

C. a locutionary act. D. none of the above.

10. ________ refers to the learning and development of a language.

A. Language acquisition B. Language comprehension

C. Language production D. Language instruction

11. The word “ Motel” comes from “motor + hotel”. This is an example

of ________ in morphology.

A. backformation B. conversion C. blending D.

acronym

12. Language is t tool of communication. The symbol “ Highway Closed”

on a highway serves

A. an expressive function. B. an informative function.

C. a performative function. D. a persuasive function.

13. Syntax is the study of _____________.

A. language functions. B. sentence structures.

C. textual organization. D. word formation.

14. Which of the following is NOT a distinctive feature of human

language?

A. Arbitrariness. B. Productivity.

D. Finiteness.

15. The speech act theory was first put forward by______.

A. John Searle. B. John Austin. C. Noam Chomsky.

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D. M.A.K. Halliday.

16. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is the notion

of_______.

A. reference B. meaning C. antonymy D.

context

17. The words "kid, child, offspring" are examples of_________.

A. dialectal synonyms B. stylistic synonyms

C. emotive synonyms D. collocational synonyms

distinction between parole and langue was made by

A. Halliay B. Chomsky C. Bloomfield D.

Saussure

19. _______ refers to the study of the internal structure of words and the

rules of word formation.

A. Phonology

Sociolinguistics

20. The distinctive features of a speech variety may be all the following

EXCEPT_____

A. lexical

psycholinguistic

21. The word tail once referred to “the tail of a horse”, but now it is used

to mean “the tail of any animal.” This is an example of ______.

A. widening of meaning

C. meaning shift

B. narrowing of meaning

B. syntactic C. phonological D.

B. Morphology C. Semantics D.

D. loss of meaning

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22. A vowel is different from a consonant in English because of ______.

A. absence of obstruction B. presence of obstruction

D. place of articulation C. manner of articulation

23. _________ is defined as the study of relationship between language

and mind.

A. semantics B. pragmatics C. cognitive linguistics

D. sociolinguistics

24. The definition of “the act of using or promoting the use of, several

languages, either by an individual speaker or by a community of

language speakers” refers to _______.

A. Pidgin B. Creole C. Multilingualism

D. Bilingualism

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