2023年6月24日发(作者：)

Chapter 2

the right answer from each of the following.

1) Incoterms are a standard set of terms and abbreviations developed by _______.

A. the International Law Association

B. the International Chamber of Commerce

C. the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

D. American commercial groups

2) In the international trade practices regarding trade terms, which of the following is the

most influential and widely used _______.

A. Hague Rules

B. Warsaw-Oxford Rules 1932

C. Revised American Foreign Trade Definitions 1941

D. Incoterms

3) INCOTERMS2010 includes _________ trade terms.

A.11 B. 12 C 13 D.14

4) As far as risks taken by the seller are concerned,

A. CIF is bigger than CFR. B. CIF is as the same as CFR.

C. CFR is bigger than CIF. D. FOB is bigger than CFR.

5) The term FOB should be followed by:

A. point of origin B. port of importation

C. port of destination D. port of shipment

6) Under the trade term CFR, the _______ must contract for the cargo transport

insurance.

A. buyer B. seller C. consignor D. carrier

7)FOB, CIF and CFR terms should only be used for ________transport.

A. sea and inland waterway B. rail C. air D. road

8) Under term______, the buyer bears the loading cost.

A. FOB Free In B. FOB Trimmed

C. FOB Stowed D. FOB Liner Terms

9) Under term______, the buyer clears the goods for export.

A. EXW B. FOB C. DAP D. DDP

10) Which of the following prices quoted is correct?

A. USD1000 per M/T CIF USA

B. USD 200 per ton CIFC3 New York

C. USD150 per case CIF

D. USD 100 per dozen CIFC3 New York

2. Decide whether the following statements are true or false.

1) Under CFR, the seller must pay the usual freight rate and any additional costs that arise

en route. ( )

2) The terms FOB, CFR and CIF are applicable to all modes of transport. ( )

3) Each term has a “liability point”, which means that costs and risks are all moved over

to another party from that very point. ( )

4) EXW contract is called "physical delivery" while CFR is “symbolic delivery”.( )

5）Under CIF the seller also has to procure marine insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage. ( )

Chapter 3

1. Review and Discussion Questions

1) How is packing of goods classified in international trade? What are some of the

major functions of each type of packing?

2) Please describe the standardized form of shipping mark suggested by ISO?

3) What is neutral packing? Why is it used in international trade?

2. Choose the right answer from each of the following.

1）________ , usually made of jute, are suitable for transporting such cargoes as cement,

fertilizer, flour, animal feeding products, chemicals, etc.

A. Bales B. Sacks C. Cartons D. Cases

2) ________ are a kind of portable platforms intended for handling, storing, or moving

materials and packages;

A. Flexible containers B. Large metal containers

C. Corrugated boxes D. Pallets

3) ______ acts as “a silent salesman”.

A. Shipping packing B. Shipping mark

C. Sales packing D. Neutral packing

4) Neutral packing is chiefly used for _______different limitations and political

discriminations of importing countries and regions.

A. opening B. setting up

C. setting aside D. breaking through

5) _______ is composed of a specific geometric figure, abbreviations of consignee, the port of

destination and the package number.

A. Shipping mark B. Indicative mark

C. Warning mark D. No mark

6) _______ , also called dangerous cargo marks, are used to remind the cargo

handlers to take necessary safety measures.

A. Indicative marks B. Warning marks

C. Shipping marks D. Sales packing

7) ________ are mainly used for transport packing of hazardous goods.

A. Warning marks B. Shipping marks

C. Indicative marks D. Subsidiary marks

8) _______ should clearly stipulate the packing material, manner of packing, packing

specification, packing expenses to be borne, shipping marks and so on.

A. Quality clause B. Quantity clause

C. Shipment clause D. Packing clause

9) According to international trade practice, shipping marks are usually designated by

_________ and it is not necessary to specify them in the contract.

A. the importer B. the exporter

C. the carrier D. the forwarder

3. Decide whether the following statements are true or false

1) The primary function of sales packaging is to protect the product . ( ) 2) Transport packing is not only adopted as a form of protection to reduce the risks of goods

being damaged in transit and prevent pilferage, but also used for the propose of promoting

sales. ( )

3) UPC and EAN are the two main bar codes used internationally. ( )

4) Neutral packing is a kind of packing which only shows the origin of country and doesn’t

show the name and address of the manufacturer. ( )

5) Shipping marks are not only stenciled on the transport packing of cargoes but also appear

on the commercial documents such as invoices, insurance policy or certificate, bills of lading,

etc. ( )

6) ISO has suggested a standardized form of shipping mark, which is composed of a specific

geometric figure, abbreviations or initials of a consignee, the port of destination and the

package number. ( )

7) Requirements for shipping marks for road, railway and air transport are the same as

those for ocean transport. ( )

8) Generally speaking, the packing expenses are included in the price, and shall be borne by

the exporter. ( )

9) In international sales of goods, “seaworthy packing”, “customary packing” and “seller’s

usual packing” are commonly used in the packing clause. They are favorable for the seller.

( )

Chapter 4

1. Review and Discussion Questions

1) What are the major types of transportation in international cargo transport?

2) What are the characteristics of liner transport?

3) What are the differences between voyage charter and time charter?

4) What are the main functions of B/L?

5) What main points are included in the clause of shipment

2. Choose the right answer from each of the following.

1) If items marked with “AD Val.”, the freight is to be calculated on the basis of _______ of

the cargo concerned.

A. weight B. price or value

C. measurement D. volume

2) Freight under liner transportation _______.

A. needs to stipulate demurrage and dispatch money between the shipper and the

carrier

B. does not include loading and unloading cost

C. consists of basic charges and additional charges

D. is collected based on gross weight of the goods

3) Airway bill is NOT________.

A. a transport contract between the consignor and the carrier

B. a document for customs clearance

C. a document for bank negotiation

D. a document of title

4) ________is the most commonly used transportation mode, which occupies 2/3 of

international transportation A. Railway transportation B. Maritime transportation C. Air transportation D.

Parcel transportation

5) In international trade, the importer often does not require_______.

A. shipped B/L B. clean B/L

C. blank B/L D. order B/L

6) _______ can be transferred after endorsement.

A. straight B/L B. blank B/L

C. order B/L D. through B/L

7) Multi-modal transport operator is responsible for _________.

A. the first voyage B. the whole voyage

C. the ocean transport C. the last voyage

8) Under ______ character, the ship-owner only rents the charterer the boat.

A. demise B. time

C. voyage D. booking

9) _____is suitable for conveying fresh, emergent and seasonal goods.

A. scheduled airlines B. chartered carrier

C. consolidated consignment D. liners

10) ______ can be freely bought and sold just like commodities.

A. Railway bill B. Airway bill

C. Shipping advice D. Ocean bill of lading

11)Under time charter，the charterer is not liable for costs such as_______.

A．fuel expenses B．crew wages C．port charges D．loading and unloading expenses

12) When applying to CIF， the expression of ocean bill of lading freight is ____.

A. freight prepaid

B. freight collect

C. freight paid

D. freight unpaid

13)The person to whom the goods are shipped is called _______.

consignor consignee shipper manufacturer

14)When one of the original bills of lading was surrendered to the carrier, the others

become_______.

A．valid B．validity C．invalid D．invalidity

15)_______ are those covering shipment between direct ports of loading and discharge.

A．Sipped bills of lading B．Clean bills of lading

C．Straight bills of lading D．Direct bills of lading

16)When the goods arrive at the port of destination, _____ issue an Arrival Notice to inform the

Notify Party about the cargo discharge point and other information.

A. shipper B. carrier C. receiver D. ship owner

17)In the following expressions，________ are not the proper ways of stipulating time of

shipment.

A. Shipment on or about June 20， 2005

B. Shipment not later than July 31st ， 2005

C. Shipment on June 20， 2005 D. Shipment to be made immediately

18)As a consolidator, the forwarder will provide the service in his own name and issue

a _______. .

bill of lading

bill of lading

ht bill of lading

waybill

19)Which of the following costs are payable by the charterer under a time charter party. _______.

A． bunker costs and demurrage

B．hull insurance and port charges

C．port charges and bunker costs

D．wages of crew and hull insurance

20)Which of the following charter party forms is used in a voyage charter. _______

A．GENCON B．BALTIME C．NYPE D．BARECON

21)Piggyback is a system of unitized multimodal land transport by _______.

A．road and sea B．road and rail C．road and air D．road and road

22)Laytime and demurrage clause normally appeared in the _______Charter Party.

A. Time

B. Voyage

C. Bareboat

D. TCT

23)Which of the following terms on the B/L shows that the Bill of Lading is clean B/L? _______

A. insufficient packing

B. one carton short

C. in apparent good order and condition

D. missing safety seal

24) Which of the following modes of container transport may not be FCL/FCL_______

/CY

/DOOR

/CY

/CFS

25) The terms under which the shipowner is not responsible for loading and discharging stowage

and trimming costs is_______

A. FOBST

B. FIOST

C. FIOS

D. FIO

26)The_______is the most important document for air cargo transportation.

A.B/L

D.L/C

3. Decide whether the following statements are true or false 1) The loading and unloading charges are included in the freight of the liners. ( )

2) In order to clarify who will bear the loading and unloading charges in voyage charter

transportation, the clause “Free in and out” is set forth in the Voyage Charter Party. This

means the charterer shall be responsible for both loading and unloading charges.( )

3) Dispatch money is a fine imposed on the charterer for the delay in the loading and

unloading of the goods. ( )

4) Straight B/L can be transferred through endorsement. ( )

5) A bill of lading is both a receipt for merchandise and an evidence of contract for

carriage. ( )

6) Advantages of containerization include less handling of cargo, more protection against

pilferage, reduced cost of transportation.( )

7) Order B/L can be transferred with or without endorsement. ( )

8) In international multi-modal transportation, a multi-modal transport operator will issue a

combined transport document and be responsible for the safe carriage of the whole voyage.

( )

9)The port charges are payable by shipowner during the period of voyage charter. （ ）

10)LCL/LCL denotes the container service where the shipper is responsible for stuffing and the

carrier is responsible for stripping. （ ）

11)When traders set the time for shipment in a contract， the exporter should consider whether he

can get the goods ready before the shipment date and whether the ship is available if the goods are

ready. （ ）

12) The date marked on the B/L is the date on which the carrier takes delivery of the goods. （ ）

13)Tramp service is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. The vessels are usually

chartered at negotiated rates， particularly when the quantity of cargo is large.（ ）

14)The Voyage chartering party includes the payment of dispatch and demurrage. （ ）

15)Normally tramp rates fluctuate with market conditions of supply and demand.( )

16)Under the voyage chartering, the shipowner is responsible for the fixed running expenses as

well as for the voyage expenses.( )

17)Specific Commodity Rates are normally lower than General Cargo Rates in air cargo

transportation.( )

18)Time of Shipment refers to the time limit for loading the goods at the port of shipment.

19)Time chartering means that the charterer hires the vessel for a period of time without crew.

（ ）

20)The Voyage Charter means that the vessel is put at the disposal of the Charterer for a certain

period employment without any crew. )

21)Straight Bill of Lading are not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties.( )

22)One of the advantages in multimodal transport is to minimize time loss at transshipment

point.( )

23)Usually, an Air Way bill is non-negotiable, that is, the goods must be sent to the consignee

titled in the Air Waybill.( )

Chapter 5

the right answer from each of the following. 1）This bid is ______ your reply reaching us within 15 working days from today.

A up to B subject to C subjecting to D subjected to

2）Our offer can only be left______ for five days, so you’d better e-mail us your acceptance.

A acceptance B correct C definite D open

3）Please reply to our inquiry ______ your earliest convenience.

A by B upon C for D at

4)Please note that our offer remains valid ______ July 15 for your acceptance.

A. for B. on C. in D. until

5) We find your quotation ______ men's shirts much too high.

A. on B. for C. at D. to

6）Bob is _______ the market for your new product, why don’t you call him right now?

A at B in C seeking D entering

7）a definite offer will be _______ on the offerer if the offer is accepted by the offeree.

A. bound B. binded C. bounded D. binding

2. Decide whether the following statements are true or false

1）It is a widely accepted rule in international trade that silence and inactivity on the part of

offeree constitute acceptance( )

2）If an offer does not indicate the offerer’s clear reservation about the validity, then the offer

shall be regarded as a definite offer

3）According to the Convention, an offer becomes valid as soon as it is dispatch.

4）According to Convention, an offer should not be regarded as a definite offer unless it

expressly indicates all the details relating to the transaction, including the validity for

acceptance and the phrase to indicate finality.

5）According to Convention, under no circumstances can an offer be revoked once it is made

by the offerer.( )

6）When accepting an offer, there should be no any material modification, addition or

restriction in the acceptance. Otherwise such an offer would be regarded as a rejection of the

offer and constitutes a counteroffer.()

Chapter 6

1. Review and Discussion Questions

1) What payment instruments are used in international trade?

2) What is the difference between a bill of exchange and a promissory note?

3) Describe the types of remittance and their advantages and disadvantages.

4) What is the difference between clean collection and documentary collection?

5) Describe the types of documentary collection.

6) What is L/C? Which type of L/C is commonly used?

7) What is the relationship between the L/C and the sales contract?

the right answer from each of the following.

1) A draft is like a check that can be endorsed but it isn't a title to goods, like ______.

A. a bill of lading B. an inspection certificate

C. a certificate of origin D. an insurance certificate

2) Documentary credit seeks ______ from the bank.

A. guarantee B. no guarantee C. no protection D. insurance

3) The most common and safest payment method for international sales transactions is __________.

A. Cash in Advance B. Remittance

C. Collection D. L/C

4) A bank informs the beneficiary that another bank has opened a letter of credit in his favor.

The bank informing the beneficiary does not add its engagement. This bank is acting

as________.

A. an advising bank B. a confirming bank

C. an issuing bank D. a negotiation bank

5) A collecting bank is employed by ______．

A．the principal

B．the remitting bank

C．the drawer

D．the drawee

6) The documentary collection provides the seller with a greater degree of protection than

shipping on ______

A．Open account

B．Banker’s letter of guarantee

C． Banker’s draft

D．Documentary credit

7) In what circumstances would the beneficiary of a confirmed documentary credit not receive

payment? ______．

A．Failure of the applicant

B．Failure of the issuing bank

C．Failure to fulfill the credit terms

D．Failure to fulfill the commercial contract

8)In a documentary credit transaction, payment is made in exchange for:

A. goods B. shipping documents

C. commercial invoice D. bill of exchange

9)These are four main methods of securing payment in international trade:

(1) payment under documentary credit

(2) open account

(3) collection, that is document against payment or acceptance of a bill of exchange

(4) payment in advance

From an exporter's point of view, the order of preference is ______.

A. (4) , (2) , (3) , (1) B. (4) , (1) , (3) , (2)

C. (4) , (3) , (1) , (2) D. (2) , (4) , (1) , (3)

11) In terms of the risk for the exporter to get payment, the risk of the payment

methods from the highest to the least is:

A. L/C, D/P, D/A, and OA B. OA, D/A, D/P and L/C

C. L/C, D/A, D/P and OA D. L/C, OA, D/A and D/P

12) Under _________, the importer borrows the shipping documents from the collecting

bank and takes the goods. When the draft matures, he effects payment. A. D/P at sight B. D/P after sight C. D/A D. D/D

13) According to UCP600, which of the following documents must be issued /drawn by

the beneficiary unless otherwise stipulated by the Credit?

A. draft B. B/L

C. inspection certificate D. insurance policy

14) If a buyer has goods delivered to him in installments at specified intervals, ________

is often used so as to simplify formalities and reduce expenses

A. a back-to-back L/C B. a revolving L/C

C. a standby L/C D. a deferred payment L/C

whether the following statements are true or false

1) In export business, the exporter generally chooses soft currency and in import, he

tries to use hard currency. ( )

2) Most of the promissory notes in use today are issued by individuals rather than by

banks. ( )

3) A draft involves three parties: the drawer, the drawee and the payee. ( )

4) The letter of credit is usually forwarded to the exporter by the importer. ( )

5) Of the three types of remittance, T/T is most commonly used because of the fast speed.

( )

6) Remittance belongs to commercial credit while collection and letter of credit belong to

banker’s credit. ( )

7) A clean L/C is favoured by the importers in international trade, because if it is used,

the importers run no risks. ( )

8)The exporter will run more risks to adopt D/A at 30 days sight than D/P at 30 days after

sight. ( )

9) A standby L/C is different from a documentary L/C because under the documentary L/C,

the issuing bank holds itself responsible for the payment of the goods, but under a standby

L/C, the issuing bank holds itself responsible only after the applicant has not fulfilled its

obligations. ( )

10) In the context of international trade, the drawer and payer is usually the seller and the

drawee and payee is usually the buyer.( )

11) A check is always paid upon presentation. ( )

Chapter 7

1. Review and Discussion Questions.

1) What are the fundamental principles of insurance?

2) What are the major types of risks in marine cargo transport?

3) What’s the difference between General Average and Particular Average？

4) What are the major types of basic risks coverage and additional risks coverage?

5) Explain the scope of coverage of F.P.A. and W.P.A.?

6) What is W/W Clause?

7) What is the difference between the insurance policy and insurance certificate?

8) How to choose the right insurance coverage？

2. Choose the right answer from each of the following.

1) ________is defined as loss arising in the consequence of extraordinary and intentional sacrifice made, or expenses incurred, for the common safety of the ship and cargo.

A．Particular average B．General average

C．Without average D．With average

2）Which of the following risks is not covered by the All Risks coverage of marine cargo

transport insurance_______.

A. delay B. flood

C. lightning D. heavy weather

3）WPA is one of the ______.

A. basic risks B. additional risks

C. special additional risks D. general additional risks

4）Which of the following risks is not covered by the AR coverage of marine cargo transport

insurance?

A. marine perils B. stranding

C. pilferage D. inherent vice

5) The insurer is not responsible for partial loss of or damage to cargo caused by natural

calamities under the( )

C. All Risks ute Cargo Clauses (A)

6) In insurance, the party who insures others against possible loss or damage and

promises to effect payment in case of loss or damage is called the _______

A. insured B. consignee

C. insurer D. consignor

7) The All Risks of marine cargo transport insurance covers risks of__________.

A. war and strike B. general average

C. inherent vice of goods D. stranding of ship

8) Under the trade term CFR, the _______ must contract for the cargo transport insurance.

A. buyer B. seller

C. consignor D. carrier

9) General perils refer to natural ________and fortuitous accidents.

A. calamities B. damages

C. losses D. franchises

10) Which of the following insurance coverage does not cover total loss of to cargo caused by

earthquake or lightning? ( )

A. WA

C. Institute Cargo Clause(B)

D. Institute Cargo Clause(C)

11)Which of the following risks are covered by the All Risks coverage of PICC Ocean

Marine Cargo Clauses？

A. war and fire B. strike and delay

C. aflatoxin and on deck D. heavy weather and fire whether the following statements are true or false

1) An insurance contract is essentially a contract between the insurer and the insured. ( )

2) The amount of money the insurer agrees to cover by insurance against the subject matter

is the insured amount, which is normally 110% of CIF value of the consignment. ( )

3) Under CIF term, the seller has to procure insurance against the buyer’s risk of loss of or

damage to the goods during the carriage. ( )

4) FPA coverage does not include total losses resulting from specific accidents, like an

earthquake. ( )

5) Special additional coverage such as war risks, strikes and so on must be taken out

together with F.P.A. .W.A. or A.R. ( )

6) General average and salvage charges are covered both in FPA and WA coverage. ( )

7) A.R. does not cover risks of war and special additional risks but cover the general

additional risks. ( )

8) Three types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils of the sea,

the extraneous risks and the force majeure. ( )

9) If you have insured your goods against A.R., you will get compensated whatever risks

occurs to your goods. ( )

10) A.R. covers all losses and damages to the goods caused by perils of the sea and

extraneous risks.

11)Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial loss and total loss. ( )

12)Partial loss or damage is never recoverable with WA. ( )

13)In ocean marine insurance, general average is to be borne by the carrier, who may, upon

presentation of evidence of the loss, recover the loss from the underwriter. ( )

14)In ocean marine insurance, the assured can recover more than actual loss provided that

he can provide evidence of further losses contingent on the actual loss. ( )

Chapter 8

1. Review and Discussion Questions

1) Why must there be the inspection clause in international trade contracts? What does the

inspection clause generally include?

2) Please explain the three major ways of stipulating the place and time of inspection.

3) How disputes are settled in international trade？

4) What are some of the major characteristics of a force majeure event?

5) Please give examples of three ways to set the scope of force majeure.

6) Why is arbitration a commonly used settlement of disputes in international trade?

the right answer from each of the following.

1. The necessary precondition of settling disputes by arbitration is that_______.

A. there must be a sales contract between the disputing parties

B. there must be an arbitration agreement between the disputing parties

C. there must be mediation taking place first

D. there must be litigation taking place first

2) Which of the following statements is not true about a force majeure event? A. A force majeure event may occur before the conclusion of the contract

B. A force majeure event may lead to cancellation of the contract or delayed performance

of the contract

C. A force majeure event can be caused by natural forces

D. A force majeure event can be caused by social forces

3) The most widely used way of stipulating the place and time of inspection in the contract is

_______.

A. shipping quality and weight

B. landed quality and weight

C. inspection at the port of shipment and re-inspection at the port of destination

D. shipping quantity and landed quality

4) The award of arbitration is usually ______.

A. final B. not binding on all parties

C. amendable D. rejective

5) Which of the following events is usually stipulated in the contract as force majeure?

A. war B.

rise of price

C. manufacturer’s refusal to supply to the seller D. late delivery

6) Generally, there is/are _____ way(s) to stipulate “force majeure” clauses.

A. 1 B. 2 C. 3

D. 4

7) Which of the following is governmental inspection body? _______

A. Underwriter’s Laboratory B. Lloyd’s Surveyor

C. Food and Drugs Administration D. Societe General De Surveillance

8) Which of the following is not true about the features of arbitration? _____

A. The litigants should submit themselves voluntarily to an arbitrator.

B. An arbitration agreement in written form between the parties concerned is prerequisite

for arbitration.

C. The aware is final and binding on both parties.

D. Once the arbitration body is chosen, there is no need to stipulate the rule of arbitration

procedure in the arbitration agreement because the rule of the arbitration body is applicable

3. Decide whether the following statements are true or false

1) For one contract, only one method and one standard should be used to ensure consistency in

inspection. ( )

2) Arbitration can be used to settle criminal cases as well as civil cases. ( )

3) Usually an arbitration tribunal can consist of one, two or three arbitrators. ( )

4) An arbitration award must be in written form with or without explanations or reasons. ( )

7) When the departure term (EXW) is used, the commodity should be inspected at the factory or

warehouse where the delivery is made. ( )

8) If shipping quality is used in inspection, the inspection must be conducted at the seller’s factory

only. ( )

9) The party who suffers a force majeure event can decide to terminate the contract without

notice to the other party. ( ) 10) All inspection bodies are governmental. (