2023年7月27日发(作者：)

Laughter is good for you

圣地亚哥举办首届美国笑赛。它要求参赛者互相面对面开始大笑，由观众来决定谁笑得最有感染力。

The First American Laughing Championship in San Diego

The first­ever American Laughing Championship is taking place in San

contest is the first national championship in the US，although Canadian filmmaker，Albert Nerenberg，has organised national laughing contests in Canada and Japan and

a state championship in California back in contest requires the chosen

laughers to face off against each other as the audience determine who has the most

attractive Reed is one of about twelve people competing in the

is hoping to be a winner of the title of top laugher.“I've been told

I have an attractive doesn't take much to make me laugh，”Reed said.

The contest includes the belly laugh，the crazy laugh and the diabolical

last one is the most challenging，according to Nerenberg，who said the

goal is

to make the audience laugh with your laugh.“The solo laughing requires a good

r，the other laugh styles require someone to get the audience laughing；a good diabolical laugh requires the laugher to infect himself and start laughing

naturally，”he explained.

“The person who wins isn't always the best，but the top three people are always

the people bring more joy to the tend to be happy 've

never had a sad person win so far，”he added.

[阅读障碍词]

1．attractive

adj.吸引人的

2．belly

n．腹部；肚子

194 3．diabolical

adj.魔鬼般的

4．solo

n．独奏

adj.单独的

5．infect

v．(使)感染

[诱思导读]

阅读短文，回答下列问题。

1．How many laughs does the contest include?

__________________________________________________________________

[答案] Three.

2．Who are the best among the winners?

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

[答案] The top three people.

Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思

( )y

( )

( )us

( )

( )

( )

( )ion

( )

( )m

( )

[答案] 1－5 EADFC 6－10 BHGIJ

Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思

A．提出 B．去世，亡故 C．被……绊倒 D．喜爱，钟爱 E．拿……开玩笑；取笑；嘲弄 F．支持；维护

( ) is obvious that no student likes being made fun of in the teacher's

194

A．vt.取笑；戏弄

B．vt.&

vi.哀悼，忧伤

C．n.风格；方式；样式

D．adj.先前的，以往的

E．n.(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式

F．adj.视觉的

G．vt.取笑；(使)娱乐；逗乐

H．n.喜爱，钟爱

I．vt.&

vi.演出，表演

J．vi.&

vt.表现 face during the class.

( ) came up with a good idea for the difficult math problem.

( ) always stands up for the things in which he believes.

( )unately，he tripped over a stone and fell in the mud.

( )5.I have special affection for Cao Yu's classic play

Thunderstorm.

( ) mother passed away last year.

[答案] 1－6 EAFCDB

Stand up for(支持，维护)your health!

People have always enjoyed laughing，and there has always been

favourite type of comedy is called(示例)stand­up(单口喜剧)．Stand­up is a kind of

comedy that is done on a stage (舞台) by a comedian (喜剧演员) talking straight

to audience members.A stand­up comedian may tease (取笑) an audience member，or might decide to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to

his or her previous (先前的) jokes.

欣赏单口喜剧，促进身心健康！

人们总是爱笑，幽默无时不在。有一种深受人们喜爱的喜剧形式，叫作单口喜剧。单口喜剧是一种舞台剧，由一个喜剧演员表演，演员与观众直接交流。单口喜剧演员可以拿某一位观众开玩笑，也可以根据观众的反应随机应变，讲各种笑话。

[助读讲解] ①that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a kind of comedy。

Types of stand­up

There are a variety (不同种类) of different styles (风格) of stand­up

comedians tell jokes about the way people behave (表现) or about daily

example，they may talk about how people act when they queue up，or they

may ask why it only rains when you forget your comedians rely on

visual (视觉的) humour may be inspired by example，one

comedian uses a huge hammer (锤子) to break watermelons while he makes jokes about

what he is r comedian points to a video tennis game and says，‘I've

been playing tennis every day for a month.I don't understand why I am not losing

weight！’Yet other comedians may trip over (绊倒) chairs，walk into doors，and

fall down on stage in order to make people kind of absurd humour is not

very funny if you are only listening and not watching the comedian's

194

④③②① performance(表演)．The last kind of comedian does impressions — he or she will act

or speak like a well­known person in order to make fun of that this

kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works if both the comedian and

the audience have affection for (钟爱) or admire the person being made fun of.单口喜剧的类型

单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。有些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式来开玩笑，或者讲有关日常生活的笑话。例如，他们可以谈论人们排队时的举动，或者问为什么偏偏在你忘记带雨伞的时候天会下雨。别的演员依靠视觉幽默，他们的幽默可以是由物品激发的。例如，某个演员一边拿着大锤子去砸西瓜，一边以此说着笑话。另一个喜剧演员指着电脑网球游戏说：“我每天都打网球，已经一个月了。我就是搞不懂，为什么体重一点也降不下来呢？”还有些演员可能玩这些把戏逗笑观众，被椅子绊倒，撞到了房门，或者跌倒在舞台上。如果你只是听而不看演员的表演，这种荒唐的幽默就不搞笑了。最后一种演员是做印象模仿的，这类演员模仿某个名人的言谈举止以取笑这个名人。这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。

[助读讲解] ②省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。③how引导宾语从句，从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句；why引导宾语从句，从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句。④while引导时间状语从句，从句中又含有what引导的宾语从句。⑤while引导让步状语从句；if引导条件状语从句。

A famous comedian

Only a few stand­up comedians have become famous as television and film

performers (演员) later on in such person is Billy other

stand­up comedians who have gone on to act in films，Crystal still enjoys

stand­ around the world enjoy watching him when he hosts the Academy (研究院) has hosted the show nine time，he performs (演出，表演) his stand­up routine in front of millions of people when the show is broadcast

live on little­known (鲜为人知的) fact is that when Crystal is the host

of the Academy Awards，he always keeps a toothbrush in his pocket for good

says it is because when he started practising stand­up as a child，he told himself

jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing his teeth.

一位著名的喜剧演员

只有为数不多的单口喜剧演员在之后的生涯中成为走红的影视明星。一个成功的例子就是比利·克里斯托。和其他转向电影表演的单口喜剧演员一样，克里斯托现在依然热爱单口喜剧。全世界的观众都喜爱看他主持的奥斯卡颁奖典礼。他曾主持过九次奥斯卡颁奖典礼。每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼电视直播的时候，他都会在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节 194

⑧⑦⑥⑤ 目。这里有一个鲜为人知的秘密：每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼的时候，克里斯托总要在自己的口袋里放一把牙刷，以求得到幸运！他说，这是因为从小时候开始练习单口喜剧的时候，他就习惯于站在镜子前面，边刷牙边对自己说笑话！

[助读讲解] ⑥who引导定语从句，修饰先行词comedians。⑦that引导表语从句；从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句。⑧says后为省略that的宾语从句，从句中含有because引导的表语从句；表语从句中when引导的是时间状语从句；又有while引导的状语从句的省略结构，brushing his teeth作伴随状语。

One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick thinking，and is often able to come up with (想出；拿出) new jokes about the people and

things around Crystal was the host of the 2004 Academy Awards，a very old

actor，who had acted in films before they had sound，gave a talked for

several minutes，but there was a technical (技术的) problem，and no one in the

audience could hear could only see him standing there moving his

d of telling the joke he had planned，Crystal made up a new said，‘It seems appropriate that he got his start in silent films (无声电影)！’The

audience howled (大叫) with laughter.

克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编排笑话。当克里斯托主持2004年的奥斯卡颁奖典礼时，从无声电影时代就开始表演的老演员上台发言。老演员讲了好几分钟，但由于技术故障，观众中没有人能够听见他在说些什么，观众只能看见他站在那里，嘴唇动个不停。见此情景，克里斯托放弃了事先准备好的笑话，编了一个新的。他说：“看来，他的确适合从无声电影起家！”观众哄堂大笑。

[助读讲解] ⑨One/句型，that引导的是表语从句。⑩who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a very old actor。

Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse (逗笑) people

all over the proves that stand­up can be enjoyed by can

expect to hear a lot more from Billy Crystal — he has no plans to stop making films，or to stop telling hopes to follow in the footsteps of other famous

comedians，such as Bob Hope and George Burns，who lived to be 100 years old and

kept working until nearly the end of their lives.

克里斯托深受各年龄段人群的喜爱，他有能力逗笑全世界的人，这证明，单口喜剧能被所有人欣赏。你可以期待听到比利·克里斯托表演更多的单口喜剧——他尚无停止电影表演的打算，也没有停止讲笑话的想法。他希望效仿鲍勃·霍普和乔治·伯恩斯等著名单口喜剧明星，他们都活到了一百岁，并且一直工作到生命的最后时期。

[助读讲解] ⑪that引导的是宾语从句。⑫who引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰先 194

⑫⑪⑩⑨ 行词Bob Hope and George Burns。

Laughter is good for your health!

Nowadays，stand­up comedy is popular all over the s have been

researching what effect stand­up and other forms of comedy have on us，and have

discovered that people who laugh a lot live say this is because when

you laugh，your brain sends chemicals around your body that are good for you.

Laughing helps your body stay healthy and can even help you fight this

explains the long lives of men like Bob Hope and George er the reason，research shows that in the end，the English saying (格言，谚语)，‘Laughter is the

best medicine’， may be true after ，go and make someone laugh—it just

might help them (and you) live longer.

大笑有益于健康！

如今，单口喜剧流行全世界。医学工作者一直在研究单口喜剧和其他喜剧形式能够对人们产生什么样的影响。并已发现笑口常开的人更长寿。他们说，这是因为当你笑的时候，你的大脑会向全身传送有益健康的化学物质。笑有助于保持身体健康，甚至能够帮助你战胜疼痛。这个说法或许能够解释像鲍勃·霍普和乔治·伯恩斯这样的人长寿的原因吧！不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。所以，行动起来，让别人笑一笑——这或许能够有助于他们(还有你自己)长命百岁！

[助读讲解] ⑬that引导宾语从句，从句中又含有who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词people。⑭say后为省略that的宾语从句，从句中又含有because引导的表语从句，表语从句中又含有when引导的时间状语从句；又含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词chemicals。⑮whatever the reason为让步状语从句，是whatever the

reason is的省略形式；主句中又含有that引导的宾语从句。

第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

速读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案/匹配段落大意

1．Para.1

2．Para.2

3．Para.3

4．Para.4

5．Para.5

6．Para.6

[答案] 1－6 DFABEC

194

⑮⑭⑬A．A famous comedian.

B．One reason of being famous for

Billy Crystal.

C．Laughter is beneficial to your health.

D．What is stand­up.

E．All age groups like Crystal.

F．Types of stand­up. 第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息

细读P2－3教材课文，选择最佳答案

1．How many types of stand­up are mentioned in the text?

A．One.

C．Three.

B．Two.

D．Four.

2．What can we learn about the fourth kind of stand­up?

A．This kind of humour is aimed to produce cold jokes by making cruel remarks.

B．The comedian has the similar appearance，accent or action to the person he

copies.

C．The person being made fun of is admired by both the comedian and the audience.

D．The audience are supposed to pay enough attention to the comedian's

performance.

3．What does a stand­up comedian usually do while performing?

A．The comedian is right there in front of the audience and may talk directly

to audience members.

B．A stand­up comedian may make fun of an audience member.

C．The comedian might decide to tell different jokes in response to the reactions

of an audience.

D．All the above.

4．Which of the statements is TRUE about Billy Crystal?

A．He is a host，an actor and a lecturer.

B．He is expected to live longer than Bob Hope.

C．He is a continuous source of amusement to people.

D．He always brings a toothbrush on stage to beautify his teeth.

5．After reading the fifth paragraph，readers can know that comedians are expected

to________.

A．perform stand­up

B．have no plans to stop work

C．enjoy a very long life

D．work till the end of life

[答案] 1－5 DCDCC

第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考

根据P2－3课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

One of the most well­known and well­loved types of comedy is called stand­up， 194 which ts (consist) of different varieties of stand­up has

always been humor in them to make people ng(watch)them laugh.

Billy Crystal，4.a famous stand­up comedian，has hosted the Academy Awards nine

time，he performs his stand­up routine in front of millions of people

the show is broadcast live on outstanding ability _improvise

(improvise)has impressed people around the world.

Doctors _discovered(discover)that people who/that laugh a lot live

(long)after researching what effect stand­up and other forms of comedy have

on we laugh，our brain sends chemicals around the body that are good for

ng(laugh)helps the body stay y(health)．As the saying goes，‘Laughter is the best medicine’．

Laughter is good for you

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．I was amused (逗笑) to find that he and I were born on the same day.

2．I thought he always felt great affection (喜爱，钟爱) for his sister，but

in fact，he disliked her.

3．That dress is such a good style (样式，风格) that it will be fashionable for

years.

4．Mary won the first place for her fine performance (表现，表演) in the dance

contest.

5．I've read heaps of books about it and have taken part in varieties (不同种类) of activities.

194 6．What westerners cannot bear most is to be teased or cheated.

7．I can't attend her birthday party because of a previous engagement.

8．At every stage of life we take losses and grow in the process.

9．As the saying goes，seeing is believing.

10．She is very shy and doesn't know how to behave in public.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。

1．vary

vt.&

vi.改变，变化→various

adj.各种各样的→variety

n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式

2．behave

vi.&

vt.表现→behaviour

n．举止，行为

3．perform

vt.&

vi.演出；表演；做；工作，运转，履行→performer

n．演员，表演者→performance

n．表演，演出；表现，业绩

4．technical

adj.技术的；技能的→technically

adv.在技术上

5．amuse

vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐→amused

adj.被逗乐的→amusing

adj.令人发笑的→amusement

n．愉快，开心

[寻规律、巧记忆]

n.＋­ly→adj.

monthly

adj. 每月的

friendly

adj. 友好的

lovely

adj. 可爱的

Ⅲ.补全短语

根据提示补全下列短语。

1．stand up for

2．trip over

3．make fun of

4．have affection for

5．come up with

6．pass away

7．be good for

8．queue up

9．be popular with

支持，维护

被……绊倒

v.＋­er→n.

singer

n．歌唱家

waiter

n．服务员

worker

n．工人

拿……开玩笑；嘲弄，取笑

喜爱，钟爱

想出；拿出

去世，亡故

对……有益

排队，列队

受……的欢迎

追随某人的足迹，照某人的样子做 10．follow in the footsteps of sb.

Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空。

194 1．There's no doubt that every mother has_affection_for her children.

2．They thought about how to solve the problem for the rest of the day and wrote

down what they came_up_with.

will provide our strong support for those who stand_up_for our legal

rights.

4．To be honest，I am tired of being_made_fun_of during every meal just because

I am overweight.

5．Tom burst into tears on hearing the news that his mother passed_away last

night.

[寻规律、巧记忆]

v.＋up＋with

catch up with 赶上

put up with 提出

keep up with 跟上

make＋n.＋prep.

make use of 利用

make contributions to 为……作贡献

make preparations for 为……做准备

1．While this kind of humour may

尽管这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄……

[记句式结构]

while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首，意为“尽管”。

[仿写促落实]

While_the_students_came_from_different，they got along quite well in the summer

camp.

尽管学生们来自不同的国家，可是他们在夏令营相处得很好。

2．...he told himself jokes while standing in front of the mirror，brushing

his teeth.

……他就习惯于站在镜子面前，边刷牙边对自己说笑话。

[记句式结构]

是状语从句的省略，相当于while he 。

[仿写促落实]

While_listening_to_the_radio，I fell asleep.

我听着收音机睡着了。

3．They could only see him standing there moving his lips.

观众只能看见他站在那里，嘴唇动个不停。

194 [记句式结构]

“感官动词＋宾语＋宾补”结构，句中现在分词短语作宾补。

[仿写促落实]

I saw_him_reading_a_book under a tall tree when I passed by.

我经过时，看到他正在一棵大树下看书。

4．Whatever the reason，research shows that in the end，the English saying，‘Laughter is the best medicine’，may be true after all.

不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。

[记句式结构]

whatever相当于no matter what引导让步状语从句，意为“无论……”。

[仿写促落实]

Whatever/No_matter_what_you_say，I won't believe you.

无论你说什么，我都不会相信你。

stand up for 支持，维护

(教材P2)Stand up for your health!

欣赏单口喜剧，促进身心健康！

(1)stand by

(2)stand for

(3)stand out

袖手旁观；支持

代表；主张

引人注目，突出

①Her bright clothes always make her stand out in the crowd.

她那鲜艳的衣服总是使她在人群中很显眼。

②Which words or phrases do these letters stand for?

这些字母代表哪些单词或短语？

③Chinese people stand by the trade war between China and America.

中国人支持中国与美国打贸易战。

variety

n．(同一事物)不同种类；多种样式

(教材P2)There are a variety of different styles of stand­up comedy.单口喜剧有很多不同的类型。

(1)a variety of＝varieties of＝all kinds/sorts of

(2)vary

v.

各种各样的

相异，不同，变化

194

(3)various

adj.

在……与……之间变化

各种各样的

①Varieties of high­tech products were exhibited in China International

Import Expo held in Shanghai，in November,2018.

在2018年11月上海举办的中国国际进口博览会上展出了各种各样的高科技产品。

②Beijing is filled with people from various(variety)parts of China.

北京到处可以见到来自全国各地的人。

③That sort of thing varies from person to person in African countries.

那种事情在非洲国家因人而异。

[名师点津]

(1)a variety of＋可数名词的复数/不可数名词，variety前面可用great，large，wide等来修饰；

(2)a variety of/varieties of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；the

variety of后接复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

behave

vi.&vt.表现；行为，举止

(教材P2)Some comedians tell jokes about the way people behave or about daily

life.

有些喜剧演员拿人们的行为方式来开玩笑，或者讲有关日常生活的笑话。

(1)behave well/badly

behave oneself

(2)well­behaved

badly­behaved

(3)behavior

n.

举止、行为好/坏

守规矩；表现得体

表现好的

表现差的

举止；行为

①It's hard to train children to behave well at the table.

培养儿童用餐时举止得体是很困难的。

②Behave yourself，don't make a fool of yourself.

注意你的举止，别闹出笑话来。

③Their behavior(behave) towards me shows that they do not like me.

他们对我的态度表明他们不喜欢我。

make fun of拿……开玩笑；取笑，嘲弄

(教材P2)The last kind of comedian does impressions—he or she will act or speak

like a well­known person in order to make fun of that person.

最后一种演员是做印象模仿的，这类演员模仿某个名人的言谈举止以取笑这个名人。

(1)make fun of (＝laugh at)

嘲笑……；开……的玩笑

194 have fun

for/in fun

It is fun doing sth.

(2)funny

adj.

玩得开心

闹着玩

做某事有趣

可笑的，滑稽的

①It's cruel to make fun of people with disabilities.

取笑残疾人未免不近人情。

②I'm learning to cook just for fun.

我学做饭只是为了好玩。

③It's great fun going(go)out for a picnic on a warm spring day.

在一个温暖的春日出去野餐是非常有趣的。

[名师点津]

表示“取笑，拿……开玩笑”的短语还有：

①laugh at

③play a joke/jokes on

⑤make jokes of/about

affection

n．喜爱，钟爱

(教材P2)While this kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works if

both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being

made fun of.

这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。

have an affection for

be held in great affection

喜爱，钟爱

受爱戴

②make a fool of sb.

④play a trick/tricks on

①She feels a great affection for her hometown.

她对家乡怀有深厚的感情。

②He has a deep affection for his old friend whom he got to know twenty years

ago.

他对20年前结识的这位老朋友感情很深。

③President Xi is_held (hold) in great affection by the whole nation.

习主席深受全国人民的爱戴。

[名师点津]

类似搭配的短语还有：

①have sympathy for sb.

②have a gift for

同情某人

对……有天赋

194 ③have an eye for 对……有鉴别能力，有眼力

perform

vt.&vi.演出，表演；做，履行；工作，运转

(教材P2)Each time，he performs his stand­up routine in front of millions of

people when the show is broadcast live on TV.

每次主持奥斯卡颁奖典礼电视直播的时候，他都会在数百万观众面前表演他的单口喜剧节目。

(1)perform well/poorly/badly

perform an operation/a task

perform one's duty/promise

(2)performance

n.

give/put on performances

(3)performer

n.

表现、运转好/糟糕/不好

做手术/执行任务

履行某人的职责/诺言

表演，演出；表现，业绩

表演；演出

执行者，表演者；选手

①They always perform their duties faithfully.

他们总是忠实地履行自己的职责。

②I knew that I was seeing the performance(perform)of a real superstar.

我意识到我所看到的是一位真正的超级明星的表演。

[语境助记]

The

performer

promised

that

he

would

perform his duty

and

would

perform

the

experiment

well

according

to

the

a

result，he

performed his promise.

这位执行者许诺说他将尽责按计划做好实验。结果，他履行了自己的诺言。

come up with想出；拿出

(教材P3)One reason Crystal has become so famous is that he is very quick

thinking，and is often able to come up with new jokes about the people and things

around him.

克里斯托之所以如此出名，原因之一是他思维非常敏捷，常常能就身边的人或事即兴编排笑话。

(1)come across

come about

come to

come up

(2)How come(...)? (……)怎么发生的？

(3)when it comes to＋n./ 涉及，谈到……

偶然遇到，碰见；被理解，被传达

发生

苏醒；谈到；想起；共计

出现，发生；被提出；走过来

①Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low­cost

device(装置)that gets around this problem：a smart keyboard.

194 佐治亚科技公司的研究人员说他们已研发出一种便宜的能解决这一问题的装置：智能键盘。

②He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not really come across.

他讲了很长时间，但他的意思没有被真正理解。

③When it comes to speaking(speak)in public，no one can match him.

当谈到在公共场合讲话，没有人能比得上他。

[明辨异同] come up/come up with

come up

come up

with

“被提出”，其主语(多是物)是被提出的内容，无被动语态

“提出”，主语(多是人)是提出者，后面的宾语才是被提出的内容

come up/come up with

④As soon as the project came_up at the meeting，it attracted many people's

attention.

⑤He came_up_with many jokes to make us laugh.

amuse vt.逗笑，逗乐；提供(消遣)，(使)娱乐

(教材P3)Crystal is popular with all age groups and has the ability to amuse

people all over the world.

克里斯托深受各年龄段人群的喜爱，他有能力逗笑全世界的人。

(1)amuse oneself

It amuses do sth.

(2)amused

adj.

be amused at/by

(3)amusing

adj.

(4)amusement

n.

to one's amusement

①I find amusement in collecting stamps.

我发现了集邮的乐趣。

②I had an amusing(amuse)experience last year.

去年我有过一次好笑的经历。

③We were amused at/by the storyteller's jokes.

听了讲故事者的笑话，我们感到很好笑。

pass away 去世，亡故；停止；时间(过去)，消磨时间

(教材P5)When he passed away in 1996，millions of Americans mourned his death.

当他1996年去世的时候，数百万的美国人哀悼他的逝世。

194

自娱自乐

做某事使某人觉得开心

被逗笑的，愉快的

被……逗乐，以……为乐

有趣的，好玩的，逗人笑的

消遣，娱乐

令某人开心的是 pass out

pass by

pass /on

<

失去知觉，昏迷

经过，走过，逝去

把……传下去

把……冒充为……，

假称……是……

①He pretended not to notice me when he passed by.

当他从我身边经过时他假装没注意到我。

②The weeks passed by and she didn't call me.

几个星期过去了，她没给我打电话。

③Chinese traditional virtues should be passed down from generation to

generation.

中国的传统美德应该被一代代传下去。

(教材P2)While this kind of humour may sound cruel，it usually only works

if both the comedian and the audience have affection for or admire the person being

made fun of.

这种幽默听起来可能有点刻薄，但通常只有当喜剧演员和观众都喜欢或者崇拜这个被取笑的对象时，这种幽默才奏效。

[要点提炼] while“尽管……，虽然……”，引导让步状语从句。

①引导时间状语从句，作“当……的时从属连词候”讲，从句谓语动词用延续性动词②引导让步状语从句，作“虽然，尽管”讲名词：意为“一会儿”，通常用单数形式，常用短语为 for a while，in a while。虽然我承认了他的优点，但还是能看到他的缺点。

②While we were talking，he came in.

我们正在谈话时，他进来了。

③He is a doctor while__his_brother_is_a_policeman.

他是名医生而他的弟弟是名警察。

并列连词：表示两种情况的对比，意为“而，然而，却”

①While I admit his good points，I can see his shortcomings.

(教材P3)Whatever the reason，research shows that in the end，the English

saying，‘Laughter is the best medicine'，may be true after all.

194 不管是什么原因，研究表明，英语格言“笑是灵丹妙药”到头来可能真的没错。

[要点提炼] whatever引导让步状语从句，其中省略了is，意为“无论……”，相当于no matter what。

(1)引导状语从句，表示让步，意思是“不管什么，无论什么(＝no matter

what)”。whatever在这类从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

(2)引导名词性从句，意思是“凡是……的事物(＝anything that)”。whatever在这类从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语等。

①Don't change your plans，whatever happens.(主语)

无论发生什么，你都别改变计划。

②Whatever I am，it's useful to know foreign languages.(表语)

无论我做什么工作，懂外语总是有用的。

③Talk to me about whatever is troubling you.(宾语从句，主语)

把任何使你烦恼的事都和我谈谈。

1．(教材P2) A stand­up comedian may tease an audience member，or might decide

to tell different jokes depending upon how the audience reacted to his or her

previous jokes.

[分析] 该句为主从复合句。or连接并列谓语，how引导宾语从句，depending_upon 为现在分词短语作状语。

[翻译] 单口喜剧演员可以拿某一位观众开玩笑，也可以根据观众的反应随机应变，讲各种笑话。

2．(教材P2)For example，they may talk about how people act when they queue up，or they may ask why it only rains when you forget your umbrella.

[分析] 该句为并列复合句。or 连接两个并列分句，在第一个分句中，how引导宾语从句，其中有一个when 引导的时间状语从句；在第二个分句中，why引导宾语从句，也含有when引导的时间状语从句。

[翻译] 例如，他们可以谈论人们排队时的举动，或者问为什么偏偏在你忘记带雨伞的时候天会下雨。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．The children will not be allowed to sit at the table if they don't behave

themselves(they)．

2．The dance given by this performer(perform)was a great success.

194 3．I like the saying(say)：Failure is the mother of success.

4．While driving(drive)in a busy street，you can't be too careful.

5．As the old saying goes，there is no such good thing as a free dinner in

this world.

6．You should come up with the ideas to solve the problems.

7．The dancers were technically (technical) very excellent.

8．We must offer to stand up for the truth and correct mistakes.

9．In the market there are varieties(various)of greens and fruits.

10．To our amusement(amuse)，the boy acted an old woman.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．过马路时，务必要小心。

While (you_are)_crossing_the_street，be sure to be careful.(cross)

2．不管你知道她的什么事情，都要告诉老师。

Whatever_you_know about her，you should tell your teacher.(whatever)

3．经过教室时我听见他在唱歌。

I_heard_him_singing when I passed by the classroom.(hear)

4．虽然他爱学生，但对他们都很严格。

While_he_loves_his_students，he is very strict with them.(while)

5．他看见她玩这个游戏十分认真的样子，觉得好笑。

He_was_amused_to_see how seriously she played the game.(amused)

Laughter is good for you

非谓语动词(Ⅰ)

语 境 自 主 领 悟

先观察原句 后自主感悟

have always enjoyed laughing，and there 1.以上各句中，非谓语动词作has always been humour. 主语的是：6；非谓语动词作­up is a kind of comedy that is done on a 宾语的是：1。

stage by a comedian talking straight to audience 2.例句3中的非谓语动词在members.

3.A stand­up comedian may tease an audience

句中作方式状语；例句4中的非谓语动词作伴随状语，且该 194 member，or might decide to tell different jokes 非谓语动词表示主动和正在depending upon how the audience reacted to his or 进行的动作。

her previous jokes. 3.例句5中宾语与宾语补足 says it is because when he started practising 语之间是主动关系。

stand­up as a child，he told himself jokes while 4.从例句2中可以看出，现在standing in front of the mirror，brushing his

teeth.

分词作定语，表示其与被修饰名词之间存在主动关系；从例 could only see him standing there moving 句7、8中可以看出过去分词his lips. 短语作定语，表示其与被修饰ng helps your body stay healthy and can 名词之间存在被动关系。

even help you fight pain.

be a good actor，you need to know the

vocabulary used on stage.

most famous are the Canadian Mark Roswell，known in China as Dashan，and David Moser (Mo

Dawei)from the USA.

非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，非谓语动词可在句中作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状语。

一、非谓语动词作主语

1．不定式作主语

(1)不定式作主语表示某一次的具体动作、将来的动作或一般情况。作主语的不定式有时态和语态的变化，而且谓语动词的数通常用单数。

To hesitate means failure.

犹豫不决就意味着失败。

To know everything is to know nothing.

样样皆通，样样稀松。

To smoke so much is not very good for you.

抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。

(2)有时候为了保持句子平衡，也可以用it作形式主语，而将作真正主语的动词不定式后置。

It is our duty to give as much help as possible.

提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。

194 (3)不定式的复合结构由“for/of do”构成，“介词＋sb.(sth.)”表明不定式动作的发出者，为不定式的逻辑主语。

It's difficult for us to finish the work.

对我们来说，完成这项工作是困难的。

It's clever of you to work out the maths problem.

你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。

[名师点津]

若形容词是描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价，用for；若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，用of。

[即时训练1]

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

① To_stop (stop)the work now seems already impossible.

②To_finish (finish)the work in ten minutes is very hard.

③It was foolish of you to_give (give)up what you rightly owned.

(2)选词填空：for，of

①It is so kind of you to do me such a good favour.

②I don't think it right for you to say so absurd a requirement.

(3)句型转换

To give up smoking is right.

→It_is_right_to give up smoking.

2．动名词作主语

(1)动名词作主语常表示一般性的、习惯性的动作或状态，动名词有时态和语态的变化，且谓语动词通常用单数形式。

Saying is easier than doing.

说比做容易。

Having seen a lot of the world in one's youth is a good thing.

年轻时多见见世面是件好事。

Being laughed at in public is what you will never want to happen to you.

被当众嘲笑是你永远不想发生在自己身上的事情。

(2)动名词作主语时，可位于句首和句末。动名词位于句末时用it作形式主语。常见句型有：

It is＋，funny，nice，difficult，worthwhile，interesting等＋动名词It is no use/no good/a waste of time/...＋动名词

194 It is no use waiting here.

在这儿等无济于事。

It is worthwhile spending some time doing this job.

花点儿时间做这项工作是值得的。

(3)动名词作主语时的逻辑主语：动名词作主语时可以有自己的逻辑主语，“逻辑主语＋动名词”叫作动名词的复合结构。动名词作主语时，逻辑主语的常见形式：

逻辑主语有生命时：名词所有格、形容词性物主代词逻辑主语无生命时：名词普通格逻辑主语是数词、指示代词、不定代词时：普通格His leaving is a great loss.

他的离开是一个巨大的损失。

Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match.

昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。

[即时训练2] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①It is no good saying(say)such ugly words to him.

②Working_(work)in these conditions is not a pleasure but a suffer.

③It is no use wasting(waste)too much time on such things.

④His being(be)late made me angry.

二、非谓语动词作定语

1．不定式作定语

(1)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。

The Browns have a comfortable house to live in.

布朗一家有舒适的房子可住。

(2)当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：

Have you got anything to send?

你有什么东西要寄吗？(不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”)

Have you got anything to be sent?

你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗？(不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”)

(3)用不定式作定语的几种情况：

①不定式表将来

The car to be bought is for his sister.

194

要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。

②用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no，all，any等限定的中心词。

He was the best man to do the job.

他是做这项工作的最佳人选。

She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.

她是在奥运会上第一个获得金牌的女运动员。

③用来修饰的词是抽象名词时用不定式，常见的有ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。

Do you have the ability to read and write in English?

你具备读写英语的能力吗？

I have no chance to go sightseeing.

我没有机会外出观光。

[即时训练3] 完成句子

①有很多工作要做。

There is a lot of work to_do.

②他是最不可依靠的人。

He is the last person to_depend_on.

③要买的那本书已经被他人买走了。

The book to_be_bought has already been bought by another person.

④该开始春播了。

It is already time to_start spring sowing.

2．分词作定语

现在分词作定语：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是主动关系。

①单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰的名词的前面，分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。

Keep silent in order not to wake up the sleeping baby.

保持安静，别惊醒睡觉的小孩。

If you see soldiers wearing sky­blue helmets，they are United Nations

peacekeepers.

如果你看见士兵戴着天蓝色的头盔，他们就是联合国维和人员。

②现在分词的一般式(doing)作定语，表示主动、进行的动作；现在分词一般式的被动语态(being done)作定语时，表示被动、进行的动作。

The man standing by the window is our teacher.

站在窗户旁边的那个人是我们的老师。

194 The bridge being repaired will be in use next month.

正在修缮的大桥将于下个月使用。

[名师点津]

动名词作定语表示用途，而不是正在进行着的动作。

He is now in the sleeping car.

＝He is now in the car for sleeping.

他现在在卧车里。

[即时训练4]

(1)判断下列句中动词­ing是动名词还是现在分词？

①He uses a walking stick to help keep the balance.动名词

②The men working here are all from the rural areas.现在分词

(2)句型转换

The building being built now will be our dining hall.

→The building which_is_being_built now will be our dining hall.

过去分词作定语：过去分词作定语时，与所修饰词之间是被动关系。表示被动或完成的动作。

The house built last year has become our lab.

去年建的那座房子已经成了我们的实验室。

English is now an international language，spoken by about 750 million people.

英语现在是一门国际语言，约有7.5亿人说英语。

[即时训练5] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①You cannot accept an opinion offered (offer)to you unless it is based on facts.

②The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras returned(return)to our

shop for quality problems.

3．不定式的一般被动式(to be done)、过去分词(done)、现在分词的一般被动式(being

done)作定语时的区别

不定式的一般被动式(to be done)表示将来的被动动作；过去分词(done)表示被动或完成的动作；现在分词的一般被动式(being done)表示被动、进行的动作。

Have you read the novel written by Dickens?

你读过狄更斯写的小说吗？

Listen！The song being sung is very popular with the students.

听！现在正唱着的这首歌在学生中非常流行。

The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important.

明天将要举行的会议非常重要。

194 [即时训练6] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①The building to_be_built(build)next year will be a new school.

②The building being__built(build)now will be a new school.

③The building built(build)last year is a new school now.

三、非谓语动词作补语

1．一般情况下，不定式作宾补常指动作是将来发生的，现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行，而过去分词作宾补常表示被动完成。

The children asked their parents to take them to the park.孩子们要求父母带他们去公园。

Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.

忽然他听见有人在轻轻地敲窗户。

When they got there，they found the house burnt down.

当他们到那儿时，发现房子已全部被烧毁。

2．感官动词后，如see，watch，look at，observe，notice，hear，listen to，feel及部分表示“使”、“让”的使役动词，如have，make，let跟不定式作宾补时要省略不定式符号to。但在被动语态中作主补的不定式要加上有相应的被动结构to。另外notice/watch

sb./。

Though he had often made his sister cry，today he was made to cry by his sister.

尽管他总是弄哭他妹妹，但今天却被他妹妹弄哭了。

[名师点津]

(1)感官动词后跟分词和动词不定式作宾补的区别：如果感官动词后的宾语和分词之间是主动关系或表示正在进行的动作或动作的一个片段，则用现在分词；是主动关系又表示全过程时，则用省略to的动词不定式；如果是被动关系，且动作已经完成，则用过去分词。

(2)使役动词leave，have，get可跟三种非谓语形式作补语，但意义不同。

[即时训练7] 用所给动词的适当形式填空

①I asked him to_buy(buy)a torch when he came here.

②What caused him to_change(change)his mind?

③You'd better speak louder in order to make yourself heard(hear)．

④She was found reading(read)at the school gate this morning.

单句语法填空

1．Learning(learn)a language requires time and effort.

2．It is not always easy to_refuse(refuse)invitations.

194 3. To_save/Saving(save)money now seems impossible.

4．To answer correctly is more important than to_finish(finish)quickly.

5．How to_solve(solve)the problem will be discussed at tomorrow's meeting.

6．Do you consider it any good trying(try)again?

7．How about the price list？Does it have a guarantee to_go(go)with it?

8．I don't remember his telling(tell)us about it.

9．Her wish is to_become(become)an engineer.

10．Back from his two­year medical service in Africa， was very happy to

see his mother taken(take)good care of at home.

Laughter is good for you

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．My initial (最初的)reaction was to decline the offer.

2．The statement was carefully polished(润色)and checked before release.

3．Most of our students attained (获得)five“As”in the last exam.

4．Perfect satisfaction is guaranteed to our customers.

5．The headmaster said they would strengthen the care about the students.

6．If a teacher gives the student positive attention，the bad behavior on him/her

will disappear.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。

1．participate

vi.参加，参与→participation

n．参加，参与→participant

n．参加者，参与者

2．instruct

vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知→instruction

n．命令；指示

3．strength

n．力量，力气→strengthen

vt.&

vi.增强；巩固

4．fool

n．傻瓜→foolish

adj.愚蠢的→foolishly

adv.愚蠢地→foolishness

n．愚蠢

194 5．foreign

adj.外国的→foreigner

n．外国人

Ⅲ.补全短语

根据提示补全下列短语。

1．in charge

2．be divided into

3．be made up of

4．drive away

5．move on(to sth.)

6．participate in

7．take on

8．work out

Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空。

1．He took_on more workers during the harvest.

2．He was cruel because he wanted to drive me away.

3．Mr Zhang is said to be ill in hospital，who will be in_charge_of your class?

4．Any substance is_made_up_of atoms whether it is a solid，a liquid，or a gas.

5．I'll have to participate_in a sporting activity that day.

1．If you want to be an actor，there are certain things you will need to know

before you can be in a play.

如果你想要成为一名演员，在你可以参与演出前你要知道某些东西。

[记句式结构]

before

conj.在……之前，常用来引导时间状语从句。

[仿写促落实]

You had better check it before_you_turn_in_your_papers.

交试卷之前，你最好检查一下。

2．Experts say that the positive feelings produced by laughter not only make

us happy but also help us reduce pain.

专家说笑产生的积极情感不但让我们感到愉快，而且帮助我们减轻疼痛。

[记句式结构]

“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个对称的并列成分。

[仿写促落实]

He not_only writes his own plays, but_also acts in them.

194

负责

被分成

由……组成

赶走；驱赶

开始做(别的事)

参加

接纳

锻炼；计算出 他不仅自编剧本，而且在其中担任角色。

3．The next time you feel upset or disappointed，do not worry.

你下次感到心烦意乱或失望时，不要担心。

[记句式结构]

the next time用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，意为“下次……”，the可省略。

[仿写促落实]

The_next_time_you_visit_us，please let me know in advance so that I can arrange

a lunch for you.

下次你访问我们时，烦请提前告诉我，以便我为你安排午餐。

in charge负责，主管

(教材P6)The person in charge is the director.

负责的那个人是导演。

(1)charge

n．

free of charge

in charge of

in the charge of

take charge of

(2)charge

vt.

charge

charge

费用；索价；掌管，负责

免费

负责，掌管

由……负责，掌管

负责，掌管

索价，对……收费；控告，指控

为……向某人要价

指控某人有……罪

①He is the officer in charge of the investigation.

他是负责这次调查的长官。

②Harry will take charge of the department while I'm away.

我不在时，哈利将负责这个部门。

③He was charged with stealing a car.

他被指控偷车。

[语境助记]

When

he

was

young，he

was

in the charge of

his

boss，but

now

he

takes charge

of

his

boss'

company.

他小时候由他的老板负责照顾，而如今他掌管着老板的公司。

strengthen

vt.&vi.增强；巩固

194 (教材P9)This is because laughter strengthens the heart and the lungs.

这是因为大笑可以增强心肺功能。

(1)strength

n．

build up one's strength

strengths and weaknesses

(2)strong

adj.

体力，力量；长处，优点

强身健体

长处和短处

强壮的，牢固的

①The likables' plays­well­with­others qualities strengthen schoolyard

friendship，jump­start interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed

ever after in life and work.

讨人喜欢的人能与他人相处很好，因而能增强校园友谊，激发人际交往的能力；这些能力如能及早发掘，将会在未来的工作和生活中发挥作用。

②As far as I see，honesty is one of his many strengths (strength)．

据我所知，诚实是他的多项长处之一。

[语境助记]

He

has

been

brought

in

to

strengthen

the

defence

because

of

the

strength

that

he

is

strong

and

fast.

因为他有身体壮和速度快的长处，所以被请来加强后卫力量。

participate

vi.参加，参与

(教材P9)As you laugh，the muscles participating in the laugh become active.

当你大笑的时候，参与笑的肌肉变得活跃起来。

(1)participate

vi.

participate in

participate with (doing)sth.

(2)participant

n.

(3)participation

n.

参加，参与，分担

参加

同某人参与(做)某事

参加者，参与者

参加，参与

①Indonesia invited all countries of Asia to participate in the 2018 Jakarta

Asian Games.

印度尼西亚邀请亚洲各国参加2018年雅加达亚运会。

②One thousand participants from Canada and the United States competed in three

events.

来自加拿大和美国的一千名参赛选手在三个项目上展开角逐。

③This is a show with lots of audience participation(participate)．

这个演出有许多观众参与。

[明辨异同] participate in/take part in/join/join in

194 participate

in

与take part in同义，表示参加活动或在活动中负责。

指参加某项活动、讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、庆祝等，重在说明主take part in 语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。当part前有形容词时，需用不定冠词。

join

join in

加入各种团体、党派、组织、人群等，成为其中的一员。

指参加正在进行着的活动或游戏，尤其指与其他人一起参加某项工作或活动。有时可以和take part in互换。

participate in/take part in/join/join in

④He asked me when I joined the Health Club.

⑤Please come over and join_in our game.

⑥Students hope to have more time to take_part_in/participate_in after­school

activities.

guarantee

vt.保证；担保n.保证；保证书；保修单

(教材P9)Practising is the only way to guarantee a successful performance.

练习是保证演出成功的唯一途径。

(1)guarantee to do sth. 保证做某事

guarantee ./guarantee sb. 向某人保证某事

guarantee sb./t sth.

(2)under guarantee

保证某人或某物免受……

在保修期内

①I have to make a decision soon and guarantee to win the scholarship.

我必须尽快作出决定，并保证获得奖学金。

②I'm sorry that I can't guarantee you the job at present.

对不起，我目前不能保证你会得到这份工作。

③The car is less than a year it is still under guarantee.

这辆汽车用了还不满一年。因此仍在保修期内。

instruct

vt.教授，传授；指示，命令；告知

(教材P11)He has instructed students from over 70 different countries.

他已经教过来自70多个不同国家的学生。

instruct sth.

instruct do sth.

instruct ...

在某方面指导某人

命令某人做某事

告知某人……

①She instructed me in the use of the computer.

她教我使用电脑。

194 ②My agent has instructed me that I still owe him 10 dollars.

我的代理人通知我，我还欠他10美元。

③She instructed the soldiers to_retreat (retreat)．

她命令士兵们撤退。

take on接纳，雇用；承担(工作，责任)；呈现，显现

(教材P11)In an interview，he told us that he is always happy to take on new foreign

students.

在一次采访中，他告诉我们他总是很乐意接受新的外国学生。

写出下列句中take on的含义

①Now the countryside is taking on a new look day by day.呈现；显现

②He is willing to take on the responsibility for what he did.承担

③Our factory will take on twenty more workers next month.雇用

take away

take down

take in

take off

take over

take up

拿走，带走

写下，记下；拆卸

吸收；理解；欺骗；收容

起飞；匆匆离去；脱下；大获成功

接收；接管；取代

占据；开始从事；继续；接受

④Please take down what your teachers say in class.

请记下老师在课堂上讲的东西。

⑤Internet shopping will ready take off when people make sure that it is safe.

当人们确信了网购的安全性时，它就已经成功了。

⑥Don't be taken in by his never keeps his word.

不要被他的花言巧语欺骗。他从来没有遵守过诺言。

(教材P7)If you want to be an actor，there are certain things you will need

to know before_you_can_be_in_a_play.

如果你想要成为一名演员，在你可以参与演出前你要知道某些东西。

[要点提炼] before

conj.在……之前，常用来引导时间状语从句。

(1)主句＋before＋从句

(2)It will be＋时间段＋before从句(一般现在时)表示“要过多久才……”。

(3)It was＋时间段＋before从句(一般过去时)表示“过了多久才……”。

①He had worked in England for 3 years before he came to China.

他来中国前在英国工作了三年。

194 ②It will be one year before_you_finish_the_task.

再过一年你才能完成任务。

③ It_was(be)seven days before everything returned to normal.

过了七天一切才恢复正常。

(教材P9)Experts say that the positive feelings produced by laughter

not_only make us happy but_also help us reduce pain.

专家说笑产生的积极情感不但让我们感到愉快，而且帮助我们减轻疼痛。

[要点提炼] 句中“不但……而且……”，用于连接两个对称的并列成分，可以连接两个谓语、主语、宾语、表语、状语等。

(1)连接两个主语时，谓语动词的数要根据“就近原则”来确定。

(2)not only放在句首时，它所在的句子要用部分倒装结构。

①He can not only play the piano but also the violin.

他不但能弹钢琴而且能拉小提琴。

②Not_only_his_parents_but_also_he_is going to attend the party.

不但他的父母而且他也将去参加宴会。

③Not only does_the_sun_give us light but also it gives us heat.太阳给我们提供光与热。

[名师点津]

谓语动词的数遵循就近原则的结构还有：

<.“既不……也不……”，“或者……或者……”。

④Neither you nor I am (be) fit for the work.

你和我都不适合这份工作。

(教材P9)The_next_time you feel upset or disappointed，do not worry.

你下次感到心烦意乱或失望时，不要担心。

[要点提炼] 句中名词短语the next time用作从属连词引导时间状语从句，意为“下次……”，the可省略。

常见的可用作从属连词的名词短语还有：

the

every/

the

the moment/

the day/week/

①I feel sick every time I am on a bus.

194

第一次……

每次……

最后一次，上次……

一……就……

……的那天/周/月/年 每次坐公共汽车我都晕车。

②I felt both excited and frightened the first time I went into the cave.

第一次进那个山洞时，我感到既兴奋又害怕。

③Every/Each_time_I_express_an_opinion，she always argues back.

每次我发表意见时，她总是反驳。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．In addition to energy cooperation，China and Russia can strengthen温表(strength)cooperation on technology，agriculture and tourism.

2．The first time I saw Tom，I was deeply impressed by his great strength.

3．It is said that he spent the whole summer polishing (polish) his flying skills.

4．The children were left in the charge of a neighbour when they were on

holiday.

5．We would not take on such hard 's impossible for us to complete

it in such a short time.

6．It took him a long time to_attain (attain) what he needed to become a

professional artist.

7．Did you read the instructions (instruct) before the experiment?

8．Not only he but also his parents were_invited (invite) to her birthday party

yesterday.

9．She couldn't make herself heard (hear) above the noise of the traffic.

10．He was made to_repeat (repeat) the story.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．比尔在做大量的身体锻炼来增强他的力量。

Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build_up_his_strength.(build)

2．校方应该被指控校车超载。

The school side should be_charged_with the overload of the school bus.(charge)

3．约翰认为，用不了多久他就会为他的新工作做好准备。

John thinks it_won't_be_long_before he is ready for his new job.(be)

4．每次我处于困境，他都会来帮助我。

Every_time I was in trouble，he would come to help me.

5．明天在会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。

The question to_be_discussed_at_tomorrow's_meeting is a very important

194 one.(discuss)

Laughter is good for you

Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思

( )ble

( )tion

( )d

( )

( )

( )

( )

( )

[答案] 1－4 FCGH 5－8 ABED

Ⅱ.选择下列句子中词组的汉语意思

A．闯入；突然闯入 B．对……怒目而视 C．递出；拿出；伸出 D．撞上；陷入 E．为……腾出地方 F．对……大喊

( ) step aside a little to make room for me.

( ) didn't say anything，but stood there glaring at each other.

( ) door was burst open，and an angry man burst in.

( ) bus went out of control and ran into a line of people.

( ) is impolite of you to yell at others.

( ) held out 20 dollars and gave it to that old man.

[答案] 1－6 EBADFC

A．n.怒，怒火，怒气

B．vi.&

vt.鞠躬；低头

n．鞠躬；船头

C．n.邀请

D．vi.怒目而视；发出炫目的光

E．vt.撕，扯

F．adj.看不见的；无形的

G．adj.拥挤的

H．vi.&

n．叫喊，大喊，吼叫

第一步 速读——了解文章主题和段落大意

速读P14－15教材课文，匹配段落大意。

1．How many characters are in the play

The

invisible

bench?

A．Two.

C．Four.

B．Three.

D．Five.

194 2．Why does Mike get up and walk away?

A．Because Ann invites him out.

B．Because he hates sitting with Paula.

C．Because the bench gets too crowded.

D．Because he finds another comfortable bench.

3．In the play

The

invisible

bench，who“moved the bench”？

A．Mike.

C．Paula.

B．Ann.

D．Cathy.

4．Which of the following is NOT a thing that the Servant brings to the King?

A．A newspaper.

B．A magazine.

C．A page from a book.

D．A pile of official­looking papers.

5．It can be concluded that the two plays are __________.

A．amusing

C．boring

[答案] 1－5 DCACA

第二步 细读——把控文章关键信息

阅读P14－15教材课文，判断正(T)误(F)。

1．Mike invited Cathy to sit on the invisible bench with him.( )

2．Paula sat on the invisible bench yesterday.( )

3．Mike moved the bench.( )

4．The King had a good temper.( )

5．The King's important paper is toilet paper.( )

[答案] 1－5 FTTFT

第三步 研读——能力升华 接轨高考

根据P14课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

This is a joke about invisible pretends to be sitting on an

invisible Tony (join)him and Mike moves over as if _make

(make)room for a while，Cathy asks what _going(go) on，Tony invites her to join ng (think)that it is nice and cosy，Cathy

accepts the tion(invite)．She sits on it， Paula enters and wants

to sit on the same invisible bench，Mike looks d(annoy)．All make

stands up and wanders to the middle of the stage and‘sits’ then， 194

B．practical

D．strange Ann asks they are doing over Mike says that it got too

d(crowd)and he moved the bench but forgot to tell them，all the others fall

down.

Laughter is good for you

Ⅰ.单词拼写

根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词。

1．Something brushed past Bob's face and he let out a yell (大喊)．

2．The branches were bowed (使弯曲)down with the weight of the snow.

3．They would like to make sure their guests are comfortable and cosy(暖和舒适的)．

4．In crowded (拥挤的)places the police should not discharge their weapons.

5．Not satisfied with the drawing，she tore(撕) it up angrily and threw it into

the dustbin.

6．He waited several minutes for a car to pull up

alongside.

7．Delegates from the warring sides held a new round of peace talks but went

away empty­handed.

8．He was filled with anger at the way he had been treated.

9．I made a dash for the front door but he got there before me.

10．The woman glared at the man after he shouted rudely at her.

Ⅱ.拓展词汇

根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词。

1．set

vt.布置安排→setting

n．场景；(戏剧，小说等的)情节背景；环境

2．cose

vi.使自己舒服；谈心→cosy

adj.暖和舒适的，惬意的

3．invite

vt.邀请→invitation

n．邀请

4．crowd

vt.&

vi.拥挤，挤满→crowded

adj.拥挤的

5．anger

n．怒，怒火，怒气→angry

adj.发怒的，生气的→angrily

adv.生气地，气愤地

194 [寻规律、巧记忆]

A(原形)→B(过去式)→C(过去分词)

wear→wore→worn

do→did→done

swear→swore→sworn

Ⅲ.补全短语

根据提示补全下列短语。

1．run into

2．make room for

3．yell at

4．in anger

5．dash out

6．burst in

7．glare at

8．hold out

Ⅳ.选词填空

选用上述短语的适当形式填空。

1．Faced with threat，he said nothing，glaring_at the enemy.

2．The police burst_in and told everyone to stand still.

3．He removed the pile of newspaper to make_room_for books he just bought.

4．They have run_into trouble while designing the new machine.

5．He held_out his hand with a gesture which conveyed something of his

determination.

[寻规律、巧记忆]

hold＋adv.→动词短语

hold back 阻拦；抑制

hold on 坚持住；别挂断

hold up 举起；支撑；延迟

撞上，陷入

为……腾出地方

对……大喊

生气地

冲出去

突然闯入

对……怒目而视

递出；拿出；伸出

A(原形)→A(过去式)→A(过去分词)

cost→cost→cost

cut→cut→cut

put→put→put

prep.＋n.→副词短语

at war 在交战中

in peace 在和平中

under control 在控制中

1．Maybe here？(‘sits’ as if there is a bench)

或许这儿？(“坐下来”，好像有一把长凳似的)

[记句式结构]

as if/though“似乎，好像”，后面可跟句子，也可跟不定式、分词等形式。

194 [仿写促落实]

He shrugged his shoulders as_if_to_say that there was nothing he could do about

it.

他耸了耸肩，好像是说他对此无能为力。

2．No.I must have forgotten to tell you.

对。我一定是忘记告诉你们了。

[记句式结构]

“must have done sth.”表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。

[仿写促落实]

My mother must_have_known that I was lying，because she seemed very angry.

我母亲一定已经知道我在撒谎了，因为她看起来很生气。

3．Servant dashes out，comes back in with something behind his back.

仆人冲出去，身后藏着什么东西重新上场。

[记句式结构]

“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，在句中作伴随状语。

[仿写促落实]

Do you know the teacher with_a_book_in_her/his_hand?

你认识那位手里拿着一本书的老师吗？

make room for 为……腾出地方

(教材P14)Of course.(moves over as if to make room for Tony)

当然。(挪了挪，好像是要为托尼腾出地方)

make it

make up

make up for

make out

make fun of

办成，成功；赶上，及时到达

组成；补偿；捏造；化装；和解

弥补

理解；辨认出

嘲笑；开……玩笑

①Boys make up 60% of the student number.

男生构成了学生人数的60%。

②Your carelessness brought about a great loss we'll never make up for.

你的粗心大意造成了我们永远无法弥补的损失。

③The train goes at 10：15.I think we shall make it.

194 火车10点1刻开，我想我们能赶上。

[名师点津]

make room for中的room表示“空间，地方”时为不可数名词，可用little，much，no，plenty of等修饰。

invitation

n．邀请；招待

(教材P14) for the invitation.

好的，谢谢邀请。

(1)invite

vt.

invite do sth.

invite sth.

(2)inviting

adj.

邀请

邀请某人做某事

邀请某人参加某活动

引人注目的；吸引人的

①Nobody in the office had received an invitation to the party.

办公室里没有人收到邀请函去参加这个宴会。

②—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?

—Well，you know he's a wet blanket.

——你为什么不邀请约翰参加你的生日聚会呢？

——哦，你知道他是一个扫兴的人。

③We invite her to_have (have) Thanksgiving dinner with us.

我们邀请她和我们一起吃感恩节晚餐。

tear

vt.撕，扯n.眼泪(常用复数)

(教材P15)tears the paper in two

把报纸撕成两半

(1)move tears

burst into tears＝burst out crying

(2)tear up

tear down

感动得某人流泪

大哭起来

撕碎

撕掉；拆毁

把……撕成碎片

把……撕成两半

撕开，拆开

①She was so angry that she tore a hole in her shirt.

她很生气，结果把衬衫扯了一个洞。

②She shouldn't have torn the letter into tiny pieces.

她本不该把信撕得粉碎。

194 ③Many parents burst into tears(tear) when a rescuer carried a teenage girl out

of the ruins.

当一名救援者从废墟里救出一个女孩时，在场的许多父母不禁潸然泪下。

burst

vi.突然出现；猛冲；突然……起来

vt.&vi.(使)爆裂，胀开

n．突发，迸发；裂口

(教材P15)Servant bursts in，next to Queen，empty­handed and looking worried.

仆人冲上舞台，来到王后身边，两手空空，神色焦虑。

burst in/into 闯进，突然破门而入

突然哭起来/笑起来

(使)猛然打开

burst out crying/laughing

burst into tears/laughterburst (sth.)open

①The police burst in through the side door.

警察从侧门冲了进来。

②He burst into tears，while she burst out laughing(laugh)．

他突然哭了起来，而她却大笑起来。

③A man burst into the room waving a gun.

一名男子挥动着一把枪闯入房间。

glare at 对……怒目而视

(教材P15)He glares at Queen.

他瞪着王后。

[明辨异同] glare at/stare at/gaze at/glance at

glare at

stare at

gaze at

“怒目而视”，表示由于生气而瞪大眼睛，用目光凶狠地注视，强调敌对或威胁

指瞪大眼睛、目不转睛地注视

指由于好奇、惊讶、喜悦、感兴趣而目不转睛地看

glance at 指匆匆一看，瞥见，强调看的时间短暂

glare at/stare at/gaze at/glance at

①She glared_at the man when he interrupted her.

②He stared_at the word trying to remember its meaning.

③He secretly glanced_at the pretty girl across the table.

④She went to the window to gaze_at the first color along the grey sky.

hold out递出；拿出；伸出；坚持，维持

(教材P15)Sir？(holds out a roll of toilet paper)

陛下？(拿出一卷卫生纸)

194 写出下列句中hold out的意思

①He walked to her and held out a small bunch of wild flowers.递出

②They held out the hand of friendship to me.伸出

③He held out some papers and looked through them.拿出

④We must hold mustn't be frightened by the difficulties.坚持

⑤Do you know how long our supply of gas will hold out？维持

hold back

hold on

hold on to

hold off

hold up

阻拦；隐瞒；抑制；退缩

(在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住；

别挂断，等一下

抓紧，不放开；保留不卖或不送

推迟，拖延；阻止，抵挡住

举起，支撑；延迟，阻塞

⑥I think he held back some very important information.

我认为他隐瞒了某些非常重要的信息。

⑦You should hold on to your old house，which will get more valuable in the near

future.

不要把你的老房子卖了，很快它会升值的。

⑧The train was held up by heavy fog yesterday.

昨天，火车因为大雾而受阻。

(教材P14)Maybe here？(‘sits’ as_if there is a bench)

或许这儿？(“坐下来”，好像有一把长凳似的)

[要点提炼] as if＝as though“似乎，好像”，在句中引导方式状语从句。它还可以跟在look，seem，remain等系动词后引导表语从句。

(1)当说话者认为所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句用陈述语气。

(2)当说话者认为所述的为非真实或不可能发生的事情时，as if从句用虚拟语气。这时依据动作发生时间的不同从句谓语动词的形式分为三种情况：

与现在事实相反

与过去事实相反

与将来事实相反

一般过去式(be用were)

过去完成式(had done)

过去将来式(would/could/might＋do)

①He quickly ran home，looking as if there was something wrong with him.

他快步跑回家，看上去好像有什么事不对劲。

②He talks as if he knew where she was.

194 他说话的样子，好像他知道她在哪里似的。

③They talked as_if/though_they__had_been friends for years.

他们就像多年的老朋友一样谈话。

[名师点津] as if/though后面除了跟完整句子外，还可以跟不定式、介词短语、过去分词、动词­ing形式等省略的句式。

(教材P14)No.I_must_have_forgotten to tell you.

对。我一定是忘记告诉你们了。

[要点提炼] must have done sth.表示对过去时间里发生的事情的肯定推测，语气较强。

(1)can(could)not/never have done意为“肯定没做过，绝不可能做过”，是对过去发生事情的否定猜测。

(2)“情态动词＋have done”的其他结构

①should have done表示过去本来应该做但实际没做

②could have done表示过去本来能够做而实际未做

③may/might have done表示对过去情况的推测，语气不肯定，用于肯定句中，意为“可能做了”

④needn't have done表示本不必要做而实际做了

①—Linda has gone to work，but her bicycle is still here.

—She must have gone by bus.

——琳达已经去上班了，但她的自行车还在这儿。

——她肯定是乘巴士去的。

②The ground is not couldn't_have_rained___last night.

地面不湿，昨夜绝不可能下雨。

③I could_have_come here ten minutes I was stuck in a traffic jam.

我本来能够早十分钟来这儿的。但我当时陷入交通阻塞了。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．How can we make room for all the furniture?

2．Hardly had she heard the sad story when she burst out crying (cry)．

3．To the scientist's great delight，he received the invitation (invite) to his

student's wedding ceremony.

4．The couple glared at each other，ready to quarrel.

194 5．The little boy bowed slightly to Louis before accepting his gift.

6．He behaved as if he had_been (be) to the Mars.

7．They managed to hold on until help arrived.

8．After waving goodbye to her parents，she left in tears (tear)．

9．Looking angrily (angry) at her husband，the woman said nothing.

10．He can't have_done (do) it because he is an honest man.

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．邀请我们的老师参加这个聚会是让人高兴的。

It is pleasing to invite_our_teachers_to_take_part_in the party.(take part in)

2．听了我说的话他突然大笑起来。

He burst_out_laughing/burst_into_laughter when he heard what I said.(burst)

3．听上去好像有人在敲门。

It_sounds_as_if/though someone is knocking at the door.(as if/though)

4．他九点钟才起床，他一定错过了会议。

He got up at must_have_missed_the_meeting.(must)

5．天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。

I needn't_have_taken the umbrella，for the weather is fine.(take)

Laughter is good for you

如何写电子邮件

[文体指导]

电子邮件(e­mail)属于应用文中的一种，是高考考查的重点和热点。

基本结构

英语e­mail在内容结构上主要由以下几部分组成：

1．标题栏

一般情况下，开头需要填写的地方主要有“To：”(即填写收件人的e­mail地址)及“Subject：”(即填写电子邮件内容的主题)。

2．称呼语

在e­mail中，正文前的称呼无需太正式，目前，省略Mr.或Ms.(或Mrs/Miss)，直呼对方名字的做法很普遍，如“Dear John”或“Tommy”，“Mary”等。即使省略称呼，在 194 e­mail中也不算太失礼，不过这要视情况而定。给长辈或上级发e­mail最好用头衔加上姓名相称，如“”，“”等。

3．正文

写正文时要注意把握以下两点：

(1)首先要明确写给谁。对不同的收件人，写作的语气要有所不同。假如是写给朋友的，则可以用一些俚语或缩写词，但如果是高考中的书面表达题，则属正规写作，最好不用俚语或缩写词。

(2)写电子邮件要多用短句，使意思表达更加清楚，当然，对重点部分要作详细介绍。比如高考中，就必须根据(汉语或图画)提示，将要点写全，并注意语言的规范。也就是说，应把它当作一篇小作文来对待，而不是像我们平时给朋友发的邮件那样随随便便。

4．结束语

结束语也很简明，常常只需一个单词，如“Thanks”，“Cheers”，或者一些非正式用语，如“Take care”，“See you”。但在正式的商业性质的e­mail中常会出现“Best

wishes”或“Best regards”等。

5．签名

签到结束语下一行左下角处。

[亮点句式]

一、常用开头语

How is everything going on with you？1．表达问候How are you？Is everything going well with you？

I'm glad/ receive2．谈谈心情your e­I'm so glad/3．直言目的：I'm

二、正文部分

1．As we discussed on

如我们上次在电话中讨论的……

How have you been lately？

2．As mentioned before，we think this product has strong unique selling points

in China.

如先前所述，我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。

3．Let me tell you something different.

194 让我告诉你一些不同的事情。

4．We would like to inform

我们想要通知你……

5．I am

我确信……

6．We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below.

我们将举行一个会议，时间表如下。

7．here is totally

这里的……完全不同于……

8．You'd

你最好带……

三、结尾部分

I 1．表达祝愿Best wishes！I wish

I'm looking 2．期盼回复Please write to me as soon as possible！I would appreciate it I will be grateful

[写作任务]

Looking

李平的父亲有位美国同事，他的孩子约翰下个月来中国。约翰发邮件向李平询问一些有关李平所在城市的问题。请根据以下要点给约翰回封电子邮件。

1．得知约翰要来非常高兴。告诉他可能遇到一些不同于美国的情况。

2．气候：冬天冷，有时下雪。夏天几乎不下雨，但一下起来就很大。提醒约翰带雨衣、棉衣。

3．饮食：饮食与美国很不同，他应尽力习惯中国饮食，并要学会如何使用筷子。

4．最后，请他带一张美国地图，希望能早日见面。

注意：词数80左右。

参考词汇：筷子chopsticks

[审题谋篇]

体裁 电子邮件 时态 一般现在时

194 主题 告知城市问题 人称 第二人称

第一部分：简单问候，表露心情，直言目的。得知约翰要来非常高兴。告诉他可能遇到一些不同于美国的情况。

结构 第二部分：从气候和饮食两个方面介绍这里不同于美国的情况，并叮嘱来中国时请带一张美国地图。

第三部分：表达愿望。希望能早日见面。

[遣词造句]

Ⅰ.对接单元词汇

1．various_situations/cases 不同的情况

2．be_different_from/differ_from 不同于

3．every_time/each_time/whenever 每次，每当

4．get/be_used_to_/be_accustomed_to 习惯于

5．look_forward_to/long_for

Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法

(一)完成句子

1．Let me tell you various cases/situations before_I_may_meet_you_here.

让我告诉你一些在这里我见到你之前可能遇到的不同的事情。

2．It hardly ever rains in summer but every/each_time_it_does，it_rains_heavily.

夏天几乎不下雨，但每次一下起来就很大。

3．You have to try to get_used_to_Chinese_food.

你应尽力习惯中国饮食。

4．You should learn how_to_use_chopsticks.

你应该学会如何使用筷子。

5．Bring me an American map if_possible.

如有可能，请给我带一张美国地图。

(二)句式升级

6．用while改写2句

While_it_hardly_ever_rains_in_summer，every/each__time_it_does，it_rains_heavily.

7．用合并3、4

Not_only_do_you_have_to_try_to_get_used_to_Chinese_food，but_also_you_should_learn_how_to_use_chopsticks.

[妙笔成篇]

__________________________________________________________________

194

盼望，期盼 __________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

[参考范文]

Dear John，

Is everything going well with you？I am glad to hear that you will come to

China next let me tell you various cases before I may meet you here.

To begin with，the weather here is totally different from that in your

is very cold in winter and sometimes it it hardly ever rains in summer，each time it does，it rains you'd better bring a raincoat and overcoat.

Another big difference is Chinese food is quite different from

only do you have to try to get used to it，but also you should learn how to use

chopsticks. I'm sure you can do it. Finally，please bring me an American map if

you very much.

Looking forward to meeting you.

Yours，

Li Ping

【导读】 《雾都孤儿》是英国著名作家狄更斯的第一部社会批判写实小说。该作品以雾都伦敦为背景，讲述了一个孤儿悲惨的身世及遭遇。阅读下面选取的有关奥利弗童年生活的节选，对比自己的童年生活与奥利弗的童年生活的异同。

Oliver Twist (excerpt)

Oliver's early life

Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse，and when he arrived in this hard world，it was very doubtful whether he would live beyond the first three lay

on a hard little bed and struggled to start breathing.

Oliver fought his first battle without much assistance from the two people

present at his was an old woman，who was nearly always drunk，and the other

194 was a busy local doctor，who was not paid enough to be very interested in Oliver's

all，death was a common event in the workhouse，where only the poor

and homeless lived.

However，Oliver managed to draw his first breath，and then announced his arrival

to the rest of the workhouse by crying mother raised her pale young face

from the pillow and whispered，“Let me see the child，and die.”

The doctor turned away from the fire，where he had been warming his hands.“You

must not talk about dying yet，” he said to her gave her the child to

ly，she kissed the baby on its forehead with her cold white lips，then

stared wildly around the room，fell back—and died.“Poor dear！” said the nurse，hurriedly putting a green glass bottle back in the pocket of her long skirt.

The doctor began to put on his coat.“The baby is weak and will probably have

difficulties，” he said.“If so，give it a little milk to keep it quiet.” Then

he looked at the dead woman.“The mother was a good­looking did she come

from？”

“She was brought here last night，” replied the old woman.“She was found lying

in the 'd walked some distance，judging by her shoes，which were worn to

she came from，where she was going to，or what her name was，nobody

knows.”

The doctor lifted the girl's left hand.“The old story，” he said sadly，shaking

his head.“No wedding ring，I ! Good night.”

And so Oliver was left with only the drunken t clothes，under his

first blanket，he could have been the child of a king or a when the woman

dressed him later in rough cotton clothes，yellow with age，he looked exactly what

he was—an orphan in a workhouse，ready for a life of misery，hunger，and neglect.

Oliver cried he could have known that he was a workhouse orphan，perhaps he would have cried even more loudly.

There was no one to look after the baby in the workhouse，so Oliver was sent

to a special “baby farm” ，he and thirty other children rolled around

the floor all day，without the inconvenience of too much food or too much

Mann，the old woman who “looked after” them，was very knew what

was good for children，and a full stomach was very dangerous to their

also knew what was good for herself，so she kept for her own use the money that she

was given for the children's board responsible for the orphans sometimes

194 checked on the health of the children，but they always sent the beadle，a kind of

local policeman，to announce their visit the day whenever the board

arrived，of course，the children were always neat and clean.

This was the way Oliver was brought uently，at the age of nine he was

a pale，thin child and short for his despite frequent beatings by Mrs Mann，his spirit was strong，which was probably the reason why he managed to reach the

age of nine at all.

On Oliver's ninth birthday，Mr Bumble the beadle came to the house to see Mrs

h the front window Mrs Mann saw him at the gate，and turned quickly to

the girl who worked with her.

“Quick! Take Oliver and those others upstairs to be washed！” she

she ran out to unlock the gate.(It was always kept locked to prevent official visitors

walking in unexpectedly.)

“I have business to talk about，” Mr Bumble told Mrs Mann as he entered the

was a big fat man，often bad­tempered，and was full of self­

did not like to be kept waiting at a locked gate.

Mrs Mann took his hat and coat，placed a chair for him，and expressed great concern

for his comfort.“You've had a long walk，Mr Bumble” she said，“and you must be

thirsty.”She took out a bottle from the cupboard.

《雾都孤儿》(节选)

奥利弗的童年

奥利弗·特威斯特出生在一家济贫院里，他来到这个艰难的人世的那一刻，是否能活过三分钟都是很难说的。他躺在一张小硬板床上，挣扎着开始呼吸。

他出生时在场的两个人没有给他什么帮助，这使得奥利弗要独自承担他的第一场战斗。其中一个是位老妇人，她几乎总是喝得醉醺醺的；另一个则是当地一位忙碌的医生，这位医生没有得到足够的报酬，所以对奥利弗能否活下来并不很在意。在济贫院这个只有穷人和无家可归的人待的地方，死亡是一件非常平常的事。

不管怎样，奥利弗总算尽力吸进了第一口气，然后，他以响亮的哭声向济贫院里其他的人宣告自己的到来。他的母亲从枕头上抬起了年轻而苍白的脸，用微弱的声音说：“让我看一眼孩子，我就可以死了。”

正在火炉上烤手取暖的医生转过身来，好心地对她说：“别说什么死不死的了。”他把孩子递过去让她抱在怀里。她用冰冷而毫无血色的嘴唇怜爱地在孩子的额头上亲了一下，然后急切地在屋里四处环顾一圈，便向后倒去，咽了气。“可 怜的东西！”老看护说着，急忙将一 194 个绿色的小玻璃瓶揣回长裙子的兜里。

这时医生开始穿外衣。“这孩子太弱，恐怕会有麻烦，”他说，“如果真是这样，给他喂点牛奶，好让他别哭。”然后，他又转过脸看了一眼死去的女人，说：“这母亲长得还挺漂亮。她是从哪儿来的？”

“她是昨天夜里被送到这儿来的，”老妇人回答道。“她倒在马路上，被人发现了。她脚上那双鞋子已经磨得破破烂烂的了，由此可以看出她是从很远的地方来的。她从哪儿来，要到哪儿去，叫什么名字，没人知道。”

医生拉起那年轻女人的左手，摇摇头，伤心地说：“又是老一套。没有结婚戒指，果然如此。唉！晚安。”

奥利弗就这样被留下了，由那位醉醺醺的看护一个人看着。他光着身子，裹在毕生第一块毯子里，既可以是国王的儿子，也可以是乞丐的儿子。可后来老妇人给他穿上了由于年头太久而发了黄的粗棉布衣服，这时，他看上去和他的身份完全一致了——一个济贫院的孤儿，准备好了去过一种充满苦难、饥饿和被忽视的生活。

奥利弗大声哭着。假如他已经知道自己是一个济贫院的孤儿，他可能会哭得更大声些。

在济贫院里没有专人照顾婴儿，所以奥利弗被送进了附近一家专门的“育婴堂”。在这里，奥利弗与其他三十多个孩子每天在地上滚爬着，没有过多的衣物和食物来麻烦他们。曼太太“照顾”着这些孩子，这老女人非常有经验。她知道什么对孩子们有好处，知道吃饱肚子对孩子们的身体是非常有害的。同时她也知道什么对她自己有好处，于是她把人家给孩子们的伙食费都留给自己。负责孤儿事务的地方董事会有时会来检查孩子们的健康状况，可他们往往在前一天派执事去通告他们要来访问，执事是一种地方警察。所以，无论他们什么时候来，孩子们准是个个头净脚净的。

奥利弗就是这样长大的，因此，他到了九岁时，还非常苍白瘦小，比同龄孩子矮一大截。尽管常常遭到曼太太的毒打，他的意志却很坚强。这大概也是他竟然能活到九岁的缘故吧。

奥利弗九岁生日的这天，执事班布尔先生来育婴堂看曼太太。曼太太透过楼前的窗户看见他站在大门口，慌忙转向和她一起干活的女孩，说道：

“赶快！把奥利弗和其他孩子都带到楼上洗洗！”她说。然后她匆忙跑去开大门。(为了防止官方人员料想不到的来访，这大门常常是锁着的。)

“我有点事要跟你谈，”班布尔先生跟曼太太说着，走进了屋子。他是个身材肥胖、脾气暴躁、狂妄自大的人。他可不喜欢被关在门外长时间地等候。

曼太太接过了他的帽子和外衣，替他搬来一把椅子，并且对他是否舒适表示了极大的关心。“班布尔先生，您大老远地走来，一定是渴了。”她说着从橱子里拿出了一个瓶子。

“不，谢谢，曼太太，我一滴都不喝。”他挥手推开瓶子。

“只稍稍来一点儿，班布尔先生，这是加了冰水的，”她极力地劝说着。

班布尔先生咳嗽了一声。“是什么？”他问道，并饶有兴趣地看着瓶子。

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