2023年6月24日发(作者：)

新农大英语专业语言学考试题

1. Traditional grammar regards the ________ form of language as primary,

not the spoken form.

A. oral B. written C. writing D. vocal

2. The front, close, not rounded, lax vowel is _______.

A. [æ] B. [e] C. [i] D. [u]

3. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study.

A. synchronic B diachronic C. prescriptive D. comparative

4. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?

A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang

5. Hyponyms of the same ______ are co-hyponyms.

A. word B. lexical item C. superordinate D. subordinate

6. A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that

introduces the embedded clause.

A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D.

subordinator

7. The words “sea” and “see” consist of _________.

A. full homonyms B. complete homonyms C. homographs D.

homophones

8. _______ is a typical tone language.

A. French B. German C. English D. Chinese

9. _______ is not a suprasegmental feature.

A. Aspiration B. Intonation C. Stress D. Tone

10. The famous quotation from Shakespeare's play “Romeo and Juliet” ‘A

rose by any other name would smell as sweet’ well illustrates _______.( )

A. the conventional nature of language B. the creative nature of language

C. the universality of language D. the big difference between human

language and animal

ation analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning.

A. phoneme B. word C. phrase D. sentence

sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula

"S→NP VP".( )

A. hierarchical B. linear C. tree diagram D. vertical

13. _______ analysis of an utterance will reveal what the speaker intends to

do with it.

A. pragmatic B. semantic C. syntactic D. phonetic

16. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by _______ in

1957.

A. L. Bloomfield B. F. Saussure C. N. Chomsky D. M. A. K. Halliday

17. Of the following items, which one does not belong to the same syntactic

category?

A. the student B. liked

C. an idea D. the linguistic lecture 18．The sentence “ If you do that again, I’ll beat you to death.” belongs to

the illocutionary act of _________.

A. representatives B. directives C. commisives D. declarations

19. The kind of antonymy between “married” and “single” is one of

__________

A. converseness B. relational opposites C. complementarity D.

gradable opposites

20. According to Austin , a speaker, while making an utterance, is in most

cases performing _______ acts simultaneously.

A. two B. three C. four D. five

21. The words that contain only one morpheme are called ______.

A. bound morphemes B. affixes. C. free morphemes D. roots

22. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ______

A. phase structure rules B. syntactic rules C. lexical rules D.

transformational rules

23. The naming theory was proposed by ______.

A. the Greek scholar Plato B. C.K. Ogden and I.A. Richards

C. the British linguist J. Firth D. the American linguist L. Bloomfield

24. ______is the study of language in relation to the society.

A. Psycholinguistics B. Sociolinguistics C. Linguistics D. Semantics

25“Sweets” and “candy” are used respectively in Britain in and America,

but refer to the same thing. The words are ______ synonyms.

A. collocational B. dialectal C. complete D. stylistic

26. "Can I borrow your bike?" ___ "You have a bike."

A. is synonymous with B. is inconsistent with C. entails D.

presupposes

27. ___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward

grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication.

A、 Lingua franca B、 Creole C、 Pidgin D、 Standard language

28. Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition

to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances,

three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ .

A. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus

B. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex

C. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons

D. Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area

29. According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconcious

development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily

communicative situations.

A. learning B. competence C. performance D.

acquisition

II Directions: Indicate the following statements True or False (1%×10=10%).

1. Modern linguistics is mostly prescriptive. 2. “Jack likes the apple” is a two-place predication.

3. Phonological rules are not language specific, i.e. once proved to be valid,

they can be applied to all languages.

4. A grammatically well-formed sentence is always semantically well-formed.

5. It is obvious that the standard variety of language is the correct form of

language.

6. Human linguistic ability largely depends on the structure of their vocal

cords.

7. Phonetically similar sounds might be related in two possible ways:

phonemic contrast and complementary distribution.

III. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one

word. Note that you are to fill in ONE word only (1%×10=10%).

1. Language can be defined as a system of ______ vocal symbols used for

human communication.

2. To satisfy the needs of the phoneticians in the study of speech sounds, a set

of symbols called ________are added to broad transcription to show the more

subtle differences between similar sounds.

3. The clause into which another clause is embedded is called a _______

clause.

4. ________ analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word can be

dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.

5. _______ is regarded as constituted by all kinds of knowledge assumed to be

shared by the speaker and the hearer.