2023年6月24日发(作者：)

1. We shall know a word by the company it keeps.” This statement represents _______.

A. the conceptualist view意念论 B. contextualism语境主义

C. the naming theory命名论 D. behaviorism行为主义

2. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Sense is concerned with the inherent meaning of the linguistic form.

B. Sense is the collection of all the features of the linguistic form.

C. Sense is abstract and decontextualized.脱离语境的

D. Sense is the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers are not interested in.

3. ___________ is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning

components called semantic features.

A. Predication analysis述谓结构分析 B. Componential analysis成分分析

C. Phonemic analysis 音位分析 D. Grammatical analysis语法分析

” and “dead” are ___________.

A. gradable antonyms B. relational antonyms

C. complementary antonyms 互补反义词 D. None of the above

5. ________ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world

of experience.

A. Reference B. Concept C. Semantics D. Sense

6. _________ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.

A. Polysemy一词多义 B. Synonymy同义词 C. Homonymy同音异义

D. Hyponymy下义关系

7. Words that are close in meaning are called ___________.

A. homonyms同音异义词 B. polysemies一词多义 C. hyponyms下义词

D. synonyms同义词

8. The grammaticality of a sentence is governed by _______.

A. grammatical rules B. selectional restrictions选择限制，选限结构

C. semantic rules D. semantic features

9. The pair of words “lend” and “borrow” are ___

A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites关系反义词

C. co-hyponyms并列下义词 D. synonyms同义词

semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __.

A. +animate， +male， +human， -adult

B. +animate， +male， +human， +adult

C. +animate， -male， +human， -adult

D. +animate， -male， +human， +adult

11. Cold and hot are called ____ antonyms.

A. complementary B. gradable 可分类的

C. reversal D. converse

12. “I bought some roses” ____ “I bought some flowers”.

A. entails B. presupposes假定，预料，以…为先决条件

C. is inconsistent with与…不一致D. is synonymous with和…同义

13. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into Prague School.布拉格学派

A. Bloomfield布罗姆菲尔德 B. Saussure索绪尔 C. Jakobson雅各布森 D. Firth弗思

14. According to Krashen克拉申（美国语言学家）, ____ refers to the gradual and subconscious

development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative

situations.

A. learning B. competence

C. performance D. acquisition

15. As a type of linguistic system in L2 learning, ____ is a product of L2 training, mother tongue

interference, overgeneralization of the target language rules, and learning and communicative

strategies of the learner.

A. interlanguage中介语 B. interference

C. language transfer D. linguistic relativity

16. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis萨丕尔—沃尔夫假说

has two thrusts: ____ and ____.

A. Linguistic description, Linguistic determinism

B. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic relativity （语言决定论，语言相对论）

C. Linguistic relativity, Linguistic description

D. Linguistic determinism, Linguistic performance

17. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and used by people who speak

different language for restricted purpose is ____.

A. pidgin洋泾宾语 B. creole

C. dialect D. blends

18. ____ is a principle of scientific method, based on the belief that the only things valid enough to

confirm or refute o scientific theory are interpersonally observable phenomena, rather than

people’s introspections or intuitions.

A. Mentalism B. Functional grammar

C. Case grammar格文法 D. Behaviorism

19. ____ is the language that a learner constructs at a given stage of SLA.

A. Interlanguage B. Ideology

C. Dialect D. Interference

20. “There is no direct link between a linguistic form and what it refers to”. This is the ____ view

concerning the study of meaning.

A. naming theory B. conceptualist概念论者

C. contextualist语境主义者 D. behaviorist

21. ____ covers the study of language use in relation to context, and in particular the study of

linguistic communication.

A. Semantics B. Sociolinguistics

C. Pragmatics语用学 D. Linguistics

22. Modern synchronic linguistics共时语言学 traditionally dates from the ____ of Swiss scholar

Ferdinand de Saussure.

A. Syntactic structure B. Cours de Linguitique General

C. De Lingua Latina D. Language and Mind

23. According to the strong version of the ____ hypothesis, language determines speakers’

perceptions and patterns their way of life.

A. Sapir Whorf B. input C. Grim D. Innateness

24. ____ theorized that acquisition of language is an innate process determined by biological factors

which limit the important period for acquisition of a language from roughly two years of age to

puberty.青春期

A. Input hypothesis B. Interaction hypothesis

C. Critical period hypothesis关键期假说 D. Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis

25. According to Chomsky, the child is born with a built – in set of rules, which have the specific

function of enabling her to construct the grammar of her mother tongue. This view is to be seen as

____.

A. Input hypothesis B. X-theory

C. Language acquisition device语言习得机制 D. Universal grammar

26. “Old” and “Young” are a pair of ____ opposites.

A. complementary B. relational

C. converse D. gradable

27. Systemic-Functional Grammar系统功能语法, one of the most influential linguistic theories in

the 20th century, is put forward by ____.

A. Chomsky B. Halliday哈利迪

C. Firth D. Malinowski

28. From Halliday’s viewpoint, language is a form of realization of ____ rather than a form of

realization of______.

A. knowing, doing B. thinking, knowing

C. doing, thinking D. doing, knowing

29. Negative transfer in learning a second language is known as .

A. interference B. interlanguage C. fossilization D. acculturation

30. What is the meaning relationship between the two words “furniture/bed”? ____

A. polysemy B. hyponymy下义关系

C. homonymy D. antonymy

31. Which description of componential analysis for the word “woman” is right? ____

A. +human,-adult, -male B. +human, + adult, -male

C. +human, + adult, +male D. +human, -adult, +male

32. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to the type of situation is a ____.

A. regional dialect B. register C. field D. repertoire

33. In structural grammar, distributional analysis is used to define ____, which are taken as the basic

building blocks.

A. morphemes B. words C. syllable D. phonemes音素，音位

34. “Speech Act Theory” was proposed by ____ in 1962.

A. Saussure B. Chomsky C. Jane Austin D. John Austin

35. The major new development in linguistics in 20th century was ____ grammar.

A. speculative B. traditional C. structural D. transformational-generative

36. The study of how we do things with utterance is the study of ____, the nature of which is

determined by context.

A. context B. pragmatics C. speech act D. semantics

37. In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, ____ inevitably results from the coming into contact of

people with different cultures and different languages.

A. transfer B. bilingualism C. diglossia D. inter-language

38. Pragmatics differs from traditional semantics in that it studies meaning not in isolation, but in

____.

A. relationship B. dependence C. sentence D. context

39. ---TRUTH.

---Do not say what you believe to be false.

---Do not say that for which you lack adequate evidence.

Those can be defined as the features of ____ of Gricean maxims.

A. maxim of quantity B. maxim of quality 质量准则

C. maxim of relation D. maxim of manner

40. In the sentence “The angry man went furiously through the rooms.” The first division into

immediate constitute should be between ____.

A. angry and man B. man and went

C. furiously and through D. The and angry

41. ____ refers to the effect of the utterance.

A. Illocutionary act 言外形为 B. Locutionary act言内行为

C. Perlocutionary act言后行为 D. Speech act言语行为

42. According to the author our brain is divided into two hemispheres. Language functions are

mainly located in ____.

A. right hemispheres B. front hemispheres

C. left hemispheres D. back hemispheres

43. “A language pattern which occurs in all known language” is called ____.

A. a phonemic representation B. a phonetic representation

C. a language universal D. language change

44. In the sentence-------“The child found the puppy”, ____ is not a constituent.

A. The child B. found the puppy

C. found the D. the puppy

45. What is the relationship between the two words “flower / rose”? ____

A. Homonymy同音异义 B. Antonymy反义词

C. hyponymy下义关系 D. Polysemy一词多义

46. The function of the sentence “How are you?” ____

A. directive B. informative

C. performative D. phatic交际性的，交流感情的

47. Homonyms同音异义词 ____.

A. are words that share the same phonetic features and the same semantic features

B. are words that share the same semantic features but have different sets of phonetic

features

C. are words that share the same phonetic features but have different sets of semantic features

D. are two words that all but one of semantic features in common

48. In the following dialogue, the maxim of ____ is not observed.

A. What time is it?

B. It’s terribly cold in here. A. quality B. quantity C. relevance D. manner

49. ____ are linguistic units larger than sentences.

A. Moves B. Discourses

C. Topics D. Tendencies

50. Which of the following two-term sets shows the feature of complementarity? __

A. single/married B. big/small

C. hot / cold D. old /young

51. Usually ____ refers to the use of linguistic research in language teaching, but linguistics is used

in other areas, as well.

A. applied linguistics B. theoretical linguistics

C. contextual linguistics D. general linguistics

52. “Love” and “hate” are ____.

A. binary antonyms B. complementary pairs

C. gradable antonyms D. relational opposites

53. ____ refers to sentences not only describe or report information, but also help speakers

accomplish things.

A. Speech act B. Discourse C. Context D. Communication

54. The feature that distinguishes “hotdog” and “hot dog” is ____.

A. tone B. stress C. intonation D. aspiration

55. Of the following linguists, ____ should be grouped into London school.

A. Firth B. Bloomfield C. Boas D. Trubetzkoy

56. The study of the linguistic meaning of words, phrases, and sentences is called ____.

A. semantics B. pragmatics C. syntax D. language change

57. In making conversation, the general principle that all participants are expected to observe is

called the ____ principle proposed by J. Grice.

A. comprehensive B. generative C. discourse D. cooperative

58. “Autumn” and “fall” are used respectively in Britain and America, but refer to the same thing.

The words are ____ synonyms.

A. collocational B. dialectal C. complete D. stylistic

59. ____ is the abstract syntactic representation of a sentence, namely, the underlying level of

structural organization which specifies all the factors governing the way the sentence should be

interpreted.

A. surface structure B. syntactic ambiguity

C. syntactic component D. deep structure

60. ____ is a personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional,

social, gender, and age variations.

A. Dialect B. Idiolect 个人习语 C. Ethnic dialect D. Linguistic repertoire

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