2024年5月3日发(作者：)

不定式、动名词、分词、独立主格结构用法之区别

总述：

分词短语作定语时 , 相当一个

定语从句

; 单个

现在分词

作定语 , 常前置 ;单个

过去分词

常后置 , 表一次具体 动

作;而前置表

通常状况

。非谓语的否定式是把 not置于非谓语动词前。

分词短语作状语时,相当于各种状语从句,即各种状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,去掉连词和从句主语, 把谓语动

词改为

非谓语形式

;当从句主语与主句主语不同时,则主语不能去掉,即变成

独立主格结构

, 但不能 作定语和补语。不定

式表示（

过去或将来

）

具体某一次动作

,强调全过程;或表示

将要发生的动作

。

不定式表示一般状况与动名词用法相同。不定式还可做目的状语和结果状语。

单个

动名词

做主语 , 谓语用

单数

;做表语时 , 表示主语的

性质

或

具体内容

。

一、不定式

1、to+动原, 叫做不定式,.与动名词

、

分词一起叫做

非谓语形式。

其复合结构也一样;作使役

、

感观V 宾补时, 不带 to;

而当这些动词变成被动语态时要加上 to

。

省 to :(1)help sb / sth (to)动原

、

don't dare (to)+动原

、

prefer to +.动原

+rather than+(to)动原

、

do sth but / except (to)+动原, (2)what 引导主语从句, everything / all / the best 所带定语从句

关

系代词

作 do 的宾语,.则作表语的不定式 to 可省; (3)and 并列多个不定式,第一个以后 to 可省。

※ too + adj /

adv+ to 动原； adj / adv + enough to +动原； manage / fail to do

appeal to sb/sth to do approve of sb/sth to do

only to do

不表将要做某事

.

感观动

arrange for sb/sth to do demand of sb/sth to do

词+sb/sth

do

s

○

2 Set a thief to catch a thief.

○

3 She is

too young to go to school.

○

5 It's a pleasure to manaage

○

1 I saw her walk across the square and go into a lane.

.

.

→She was seen to walk across the square and go into a lane ........

to get here.

○

7 He is old enough to join the army.

○

9

To see is to believe. or Seeing is believing.

○

11 It's

○

4 I often heard him sing in the next room.

○

6 What / All I want to do is (to) help you with your study. .

worthwhile writing/to write it all out again.

○

8 Would you be so kind as to help me with my English study?

○

10 It's (of) no use regretting / to regret what has been done. ..

○

12To err is human, to forgive is divine.犯错是凡人,宽恕是圣

人.

○

13 Simon had no choice but to work hard then.

○

14 Despite a heavy snow, the children are still looking forward to

at the weekend.

○

15 My job is

○

17 The best that you can do is

(not cancel) the outdoor activity

(water)all the flowers in the garden.

○

16 I'm pleased to see you here.

(manage) the stress in the day to minimize its impact on your health.

2、(un)important, dangerous, terrible, (un)fit, surprising, (im)possible, easy, hard

.

/ difficult, light / heavy, nice /

beautiful, interesting, pleasant, expensive, weak 等作表语时,不定式作

条件、结果状语

,用

主动

表示

被动

, 表明说话人对

不

定式

动作

看法

或

建议

。

○

1 Why do people come to his lecture since it is hard to understand？

○

2 The country of Andorra (安道尔) is hard to find on the world's map.

(条件状语)

.

.

○

4 The place is too difficult to get to.(结果状语)

○

3 The book is very interesting to read.

○

5 This type of music is good to dance to. (条件状语)

.

○

6 The supermarket is expensive to run.

○

7 These goods are heavy to carry. (条件状语) →These goods are too heavy to carry. (结果状语)

○

8 The fire was (too big) hard (control)

3、不定式复合结构 for / of sb (sth) to do：

1) 不定式复合结构作主语 , 表语是 (im)possible, (un)necessary, (un)easy, (un)likely, (un)usual, (un)important 等表

示对不定式动作的 客观陈述时 ,用 for;而表语是 good, nice, kind, friendly, brave, (im)polite, ( dis )honest,

cruel,stupid

/

clever, foolish/wise, silly/bright, careless(ful), childish, lucky 表说话人对不定式动作及执行者性格 特征 、

能力特征的主观感受或 评价(

赞扬、赏识或责备,贬低

)时 , 用 of.

.2) 作其它成份都用 for .

○

1 One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the numbers of their cattle.(SB2AL34)

○

2 This is for you to decide.

○

4 It's very kind of you to send me off.

○

3 He gave orders for the work to be done at once.

○

5 It's important for us to arrive there on time.

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4、1) only +不定式作结果状语,.表示出乎意料的结果;.句子主语与不定式动作是主谓关系,.不定式用主动式; 若是动宾语

关系,.用被动式,.表谓语动作后发生的又一动作,可改为 and / but 连接,与修饰的谓语动作并列。

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