2024年1月24日发(作者：)

选词填空（15选10）10题，总分值：20分

Directions： Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the

word bank. Each word can be used only once.

There has been growing pressure, in the US and elsewhere, to demonstrate the

value of university education and research in terms of its

direct, 1) tangible economic benefits.

It is certainly important that university research 2) contribute to economic

well-being – as it surely does. And it is certainly important that a university education

helps students to 3) pursue useful and satisfying work – as it does. At the same

time, however, there is much more to excellent education than can

be 4) measured in dollars. The best education not only helps us to be more

productive in our professions, but also enables us to 5) formulate primary core

objectives in life, makes us more inquiring and insightful, and helps us become more

reflective and 6) fulfills human beings. It helps scientists to appreciate the arts, and

artists to appreciate the sciences. It helps us to see 7) connections across

different fields of learning that we otherwise might not grasp. It helps us

to 8) discern right from wrong and lead more interesting and valuable lives, as

individuals, and as members of our communities.

There is a strong belief that a university education should 9) stimulate our curiosity

and open our minds to new ideas and experiences. It should encourage us to test our

various pre-existing 10) hypotheses , and think about our values and beliefs. That

is one reason we study – the philosophy, customs and ways of life of other countries

and cultures. In doing so, we learn more not only about other people but also about

ourselves.

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A. periodic

B. stimulate

C. pursue

D. formulate

E. tangible

F. appeal

G. testimonies

H. contribute

I. fulfills

J. discern

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K. mingled

L. transcend

M. measured

N. connections

O. hypotheses

参考答案：

1) tangible 2) contribute 3) pursue 4) measured 5) formulate 6) fulfills 7) connections 8) discern 9) stimulate 10) hypotheses

∧ 收起解析

长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分

Directions： You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each

statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each

paragraph is marked with a letter.

For Second Careers, A Leap of Faith

A) After decades of pursuing money, titles and ever more stuff, baby boomers are

coming to a big realization: Success and security just aren’t enough anymore. They

want something more fulfilling out of life, something that feeds their spiritual side and

connects them to a bigger purpose. For many, the answer is embracing faith – and

devoting their lives to serving others.

B) Flocks of people in their 50s and 60s are putting aside thoughts of a comfortable

retirement and heading to theological school, where they’ve become the

fastest-growing age group in recent years. They’re putting in years of study and field

work to become chaplains (牧师), spiritual counselors, missionaries, and educators

and social workers for nonprofits with religious ties. And they’re taking that training

everywhere from disaster zones to poor villages to hospital bedsides. Boomers are

turning to careers in which meaning and purpose are front and center.

C) Why the change? For many older adults, mortgages are paid (or nearly so),

children are on their own and first careers are winding down; as such, there’s time

and freedom to “do good”. Equally important, thoughts about one’s mortality begin to

surface, along with some tough questions: Have I lived my life well? Have I made a

difference?

D) Not that a leap into faith is always paradise. Some people spend up to six years in

training, sometimes at great expense and a distance from friends and family. Their

sense of mission is “constantly tested, poked and prodded (刺激，激励)”, says

Jonathan Englert, author of The Collar, a book that chronicles (记录) a year in the life

of a Catholic seminary for second-career priests-in-training.

E) After graduation, most face stiff competition for jobs that typically demand long

hours, sophisticated political skills and the ability to comfort people in their darkest

moments. Still, if the greatest use of a life, as the philosopher William James said, is

to spend it for something that will outlast it, few paths seem to offer more rewards

than joining the clergy and related fields. Here are three individuals who have taken

that path.

It All Began With Katrina

F) When Mike Watson, a New York lawyer, traveled to New Orleans in 2007 to help

victims of Hurricane Katrina, his goal was simple: To teach his son, Tristan, then 11

years old, “that there are people in the world who aren't as well off as we are”. But

after a weeklong stay in the city's hard-hit Ninth Ward, it was the father who absorbed

a life-changing lesson. “I realized how enriching it was to be involved in helping other

people,” says Mr. Watson, now 61. By the time he and Tristan returned to Katonah,

N.Y., he says, “I had decided that’s what I needed to be doing with the rest of my life.”

G) Today, Mr. Watson is enrolled at General Theological Seminary (神学院) in New

York City, which was established by the Episcopal Church. After he earns a master’s

degree in divinity next year, he plans to start a nonprofit to help churches create

community-outreach programs similar to the one that took him to New Orleans in

2007. Mr. Watson, who is supporting his family and paying for seminary with savings,

also spearheads (领导，带头) community-service work for Grace Church in

Manhattan, under whose sponsorship he made his trip to New Orleans. With

Hurricane Katrina relief work now over, he recruits carpenters, plumbers and

parishioners (教区居民) to rebuild flood-damaged homes in a coal-mining region of

Appalachia.

H) Doubts about his chosen path remain. His peers are established veterans in their

jobs, while he is very much the new hand. What’s more, starting over means a lot of

uncertainty. Among his concerns: “I have no idea where I will be living two years from

now.” Still, Mr. Watson says he has no regrets. “Spiritually, it is very enriching for

people like me, who go through our day and think life can be difficult, to make

connections with people who really need to see the love of God.”

After Wall Street, a Search for Connections

I) David Daniel Klipper worked for almost 25 years on Wall Street. But in the wake of

9/11, he began to feel a spiritual hunger that took him in an unexpected direction – to

life as a chaplain and rabbinic (犹太教的) pastor. “I love the life I get to lead,” says Mr.

Klipper, 60, who supervises a training program for chaplains at Stamford Hospital in

Connecticut and works with patients himself. “If you tell someone at a party you are a

chaplain, they tell you that you are wonderful and run away. Chaplains are not good

at small talk. We are good at intimacy. I crave that intimacy and that feeling of

connection. That’s what makes life worthwhile for me.” And thus he teaches students

to “stay present, even when there is great pain”, in order to focus on the spiritual

needs of their patients.

J) He remembers fondly a patient he calls Susan. Diagnosed with brain cancer at a

relatively young age, she saw Mr. Klipper when she came to the hospital for

chemotherapy (化学疗法) and other treatments, including a particularly painful

procedure in which doctors administered radiation after fixing her head in a vise (台钳). The two had frequent conversations and found themselves trying to answer

unsettling questions, including: What purpose is this illness serving? “Every once in a

while,” Mr. Klipper says, he and Susan would “experience a moment of viewing the

world from a slightly different place, where we could see not only the good things that

we liked but the things we wished hadn’t happened. And we could hold on to them all

– like threads that form a tapestry (挂毯，织锦). It was a kind of acceptance. A

moment of grace."”

K) These chaplaincy-training programs are “where academic theologies come to die”,

he says. “It is one thing to read about theology in seminary. It is an entirely different

thing to sit with a 45-year-old mother who is dying and asking how God could be

doing this to her.” It’s a job, he adds, that carries “an awesome responsibility”.

Riches of a Different Kind

L) Kathy Dain had it all: a six-figure salary, a Mercedes – even her own Piper Archer

airplane. Today, she enjoys “a different kind of wealth” as the temporary, associate

pastor at First Presbyterian Church with an active community-outreach program in

Sarasota, Fla.

M) Although active in a Presbyterian church as a teenager, the Rev. Dain, 56, who is

single, says that for most of her adult life, she attended church just twice a year.

“Being part of a church wasn’t something I felt drawn to.” she says. But one day in

2004, while showing houses – she was then a real-estate broker – to a couple, the

conversation took an unexpected turn. “As we were driving around, they asked me

about my faith,” Ms. Dain recalls. “It was right around the time of the tsunami in

Indonesia, when thousands of people were just wiped away. It started me thinking

about how I missed the faith I had grown up with.”

N) Since graduating from Pittsburgh Theological Seminary in 2011, Ms. Dain has

worked for two churches. The first was in Ludington, Mich. “I had this dear, aging

congregation (集会). My desire to be out on missions just wasn’t going to happen.”

O) She recently finished a training program that will allow her to serve as a chaplain

for disaster-relief organizations. As a trainee, she logged 300 hours this spring in the

intensive-care unit at Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater, Fla., where she has

offered comfort to the sick and dying. “As a chaplain, I try to find a way to connect

with them. I don’t have an agenda,” she says. “Nor am I a prayer pusher. I am simply

there for the person. Just as a doctor takes care of the body, it is my job to provide

spiritual care.”

11)

Mr. Watson is going to be granted a master’s degree in divinity next year. G

12)

Ms. Dain went to church twice a year during much of her adulthood. M

13)

Despite uncertainty and doubts about his present work, Mr. Watson thinks it

enriching for him to help people in need. H

14)

Joining the clergy is most rewarding in making full use of a life. E

15)

Some boomers spend a great deal of time and money in training for a leap into

faith. D

16)

Ms. Dain took care of the sick and dying at Morton Plant Hospital. O

17)

In addition to success and security, many baby boomers want to own their faith. A

18)

According to Mr. Klipper, chaplaincy-training programs are totally different from

academic theologies. K

19)

By offering help in hurricane-stricken New Orleans, Mr. Watson originally aimed to

teach his son what a tough life some people are living. F

20)

After the 9 / 11 disaster, Mr. Klipper began to work as a chaplain. I

参考答案：

11) G 12) M 13) H 14) E 15) D 16) O 17) A 18) K 19) F

20) I

∧ 收起解析

阅读理解10题，总分值：40分

Directions： Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C,

and D. Choose the best answer to each question.

One of the key ways to improve the management function in an organization is to

improve the decision-making process. IT is commonly used to support and

streamline (提高……的效率) decision making in an organization. It can be used to

address decisions about how to structure job tasks, organize production operations,

manage inventory flow, and so on.

Decisions that are simple and / or highly structured are good candidates for

automation. A structured decision is one in which the inputs, decision criteria, method

to process those inputs, and specific outputs are well-defined. For example, it is a

relatively straightforward task to develop a computer program that will generate late

payment notices for those customers who have not paid their monthly telephone bill

on time. The program requires certain input data about billing information, decision

rules about what constitutes a missed payment, and output instructions to generate a

form letter or billing notice to be sent to the customer.

The automation of structured decisions is also used to improve communication and

decision making between organizations. Not long ago, it was necessary for retailers

to call credit card companies every time a customer wished to charge a purchase

using a credit card. A representative working for the credit card company would

examine the customer’s record to determine whether or not to approve each

purchase. Today, this process has been automated so that information and decisions

related to purchases using a credit card are transmitted electronically.

Now consider the many benefits of automating this simple process. First, automating

this process has reduced the cost of operations for credit card companies. Card

issuers have streamlined and downsized (缩小规模；减员) their staff since fewer

customer representatives are needed to handle purchase approvals / disapprovals.

Second, the automated process has sped up the approval process so that retailers

can deliver prompt and reliable service to their customers (improving customer

satisfaction) and process more financial transactions within a given time period.

Thirdly, the communication between retailers and card issuers has been improved.

More purchases can be approved with greater accuracy using the IT-enabled

system.

21)

What is the passage mainly about?

A. Types of decisions that can be easily automated.B. Methods of automating

decision-making process.C. Benefits of automating decision-making process.D. Improved decisions brought by IT-based system.

22)

Why is it easier to develop a program for generating late payment notices for

customers who failed to pay their bills on time?

A. The decision is simple and well-defined.B. The problem is common and

widespread.C. There are clear input and output instructions.D. Customers’ billing

information is easily available.

23)

What did retailers have to do in the past to charge a purchase with a credit card?

A. They had to examine the customer’s payment history.B. They had to send a

representative to the card company.C. They had to call the credit card company to

get approval.D. They had to wait for the card company to handle the charge.

24)

What can we learn about today’s credit card companies?

A. They would like to handle more purchase approvals.B. They have reduced the

number of their workers.C. They can contact retailers directly about a purchase.D. They are determined to provide better customer service.

25)

From the passage, we can conclude that automation can most greatly change

_______.

A. work efficiencyB. work accuracyC. communication systemD. communication

process

参考答案：

21) C 22) A 23) C 24) B 25) A

∧ 收起解析

Popular stereotype would have us believe that young women are often concerned

about every up and down in their relationships – but one study says “romance drama”

actually has a bigger effect on men.

Any reader of Cosmo could be forgiven for thinking that women spend all their time

analyzing their boyfriends’ body language, text messages, and even sleep style for

evidence of a likely breakup or marriage proposal. But according to Science Daily,

researchers from Wake Forest University and Florida State University surveyed a

thousand men and women between the ages of 18 and 23, and found that men were

actually more likely to suffer emotionally from relationship difficulties. Study co-author

Robin Simon explains that “for young men, their romantic partners are often their

primary source of intimacy – in contrast to young women who are more likely to have

close relationships with family and friends.”

Young men themselves – as well as pop culture in general – often proclaim the idea

that women spend all their time talking about their boyfriends, while men never

mention their girlfriends to their fellow beings. This may be partially true – but it’s not

because men don’t care about their girlfriends or because other topics are simply

more important to men than relationships. In fact, it might be better for men to

discuss their relationships more openly, getting reassurance about small problems

and advice for solving larger ones.

But young men shouldn’t necessarily act like young women in every way. Simon also

says that “while young men are more affected emotionally by the quality of their

current relationships, young women are more emotionally affected by whether they

are in a relationship or not. So, young women are more likely to experience

depression when the relationship ends, or benefit more by simply being in a

relationship.” Being single is still a greater stigma (耻辱) for women than for men, but

bad relationships aren’t good for either gender. And, as has been learned by many,

sometimes you’re better off alone.

26)

What is the finding of the study done by researchers in the US universities?

A. Women usually have closer relationships with family and friends.B. Men find

their source of intimacy mainly from their romantic partners.C. Women are more

concerned about the ups and downs of a relationship.D. Men are often more

strongly affected by relationship difficulties.

27)

Why don’t men talk about their girlfriends?

A. They don’t care so much about relationships.B. They have more important

topics to talk about.C. They prefer not to talk about relationships openly.D. They

don’t like listening to advice from other people.

28)

In Simon’s opinion, _____________.

A. men often feel more depressed when a relationship endsB. men often care

more about the quality of a relationshipC. women don’t benefit as much as men do

from a relationshipD. women often spend much time talking about their

relationships

29)

What is the advice given by the writer?

A. Women shouldn’t feel embarrassed if not in a relationship.B. Both genders

should try to benefit from their relationships.C. It’s sometimes better to be alone

than being in a relationship.D. Bad relationships should be put to an end as soon as

possible.

30)

What tends to be the writer’s attitude toward the finding?

A. Skeptical.B. Supportive.C. Objective.D. Challenging.

参考答案：

26) D 27) C 28) B 29) C 30) B