2023年7月22日发(作者：)

延续性动词和终止性动词

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie,

know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since

I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。

2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It rained at eight yesterday morning.(误)

rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：

-When did you get to know Jack?

-Two years ago.

-Then you've known each other for more than two years.

-That's right.

三、终止性动词的用法特征

1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：

The train has arrived.火车到了。

Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：

(1)他死了三年了。

误：He has died for three years.（×）

正：He has been dead for three years. (1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词

正：He died three years ago. (2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语

正：It is three years since he died. (3)用句型"It is+段时间+"表达原意

正：Three years has passed since he died. (4)用句型"时间+has passed + "表达原意

(2)他来这儿五天了。

误：He has come here for five days. （×）

正：He has been here for five days.

正：He came here five days ago.

正：It is five days since he came here.

正：Five days has passed since he came here.

(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示"段时间"的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：

(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：

1 leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead,

move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of,

open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。

(2)将句中表示"段时间"的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。

(3)用句型"It is+段时间+"表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。

(4)用句型"时间+has passed+ "表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。

3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：

He hasn't left here since 1986.

I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.

4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成"not+终止性动词+until/till ..."的句型，意为"直到……才……"。如：

You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。

I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。

5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是"点时间"(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是"段时间"(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：

When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock. (reach为终止性动词)

Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语)

6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：

误：How long have you come here?

正：How long have you been here?

正：When did you come here?

2 延继性动词和终止性动词巩固练习

1. When Henry arrived at the bus stop, the bus ______ for two hours.

A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away

2. I ______ the League for five years so far.

A. joined B. have joined C. have been in D. join

3. The factory ______ since the February of 1995.

A. has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened

4. Mary and Rose ______ friends since they met in London in 1998.

A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become

5. You mustn't ______ until he comes back.

A. be away B. leave C. be left D. have been

6. The meeting ______ for a week now.

A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over D. has been in

7. Miss Gao______ this school since 1996.

A. has come to B. came to C. has taught D. has been in

8. Ben ______ a teacher for nearly three years.

A. has been B. has become C. was D. became

9. I ______ home for a week up to now.

A. have returned B. have been back C. returned D. were

10. How long ________ Mr Smith ________?

A. did; die B. was; dead C. was; dying D. has; been dead

11. When I ______ in Beijing, it was raining hard.

A. got B. reached C. arrived D. was

12. Tom ______ the car for two months.

A. has had B. bought C. has bought D. had got

13. -How long ______ you ______? -Two weeks.

A. did; all ill B. have; fallen ill C. were; ill D. have; been ill

14. Since 1942 he ______ his hometown.

A. has left B. has moved away from

C. has been away from D. moved away from

15. I'll lend you the bike, but you can only ______ it for two days.

A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. take

16. The bus ______ on the road for an hour.

A. has stopped B. stopped C. is stopping D. has been

17. Are you ______ the jacket these days?

A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. pulling on

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