2024年3月13日发(作者：笔记本电池激活修复)

When one animal attacks another, it engages in the most obvious example of

aggressive

behavior. Psychologists have adopted several approaches to understanding

aggressive behavior in people.

当一个动物袭击了另一个动物的时候，该动物处于最明显攻击的案例。心理学家采用了

几种方法，去理解攻击行为 在人类中。

The Biological Approach. Numerous biological structures and chemicals

appear to be involved in aggression. One is the hypothalamus, a region of the brain.

In response to certain stimuli, many animals show instinctive aggressive reactions.

The hypothalamus appears to be involved in this inborn reaction pattern: electrical

stimulation of part of the hypothalamus triggers stereotypical aggressive behaviors

in many animals. In people, however, whose brains are more complex, other brain

structures apparently moderate possible instincts.

生物学方法。大量的生物构造和生物化学明显与攻击行为有关。其中之一就是视丘下部，

一个大脑区域。作为对具体刺激的反应，许多动物表现出本能攻击行为。视丘下部明显涉及

这一天生的反应模式：电子刺激部分的视丘下部引起传统攻击性行为，在许多动物身上。然

而，在人体中，我们的大脑更加复杂，其他的大脑构造明显缓和了可能的本能。

An offshoot of the biological approach called sociobiology suggests that

aggression is natural and even desirable for people. Sociobiology views

much social behavior, including aggressive behavior, as genetically

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determined. Consider Darwin's theory of evolution. Darwin held that many more

individuals are produced than can find food and survive into adulthood. A struggle

for survival follows. Those individuals who possess characteristics that

provide them with an

advantage in the struggle for existence are more likely to survive and

contribute their genes to the next generation. In many species, such characteristics

include aggressiveness. Because aggressive individuals are more likely to survive

and reproduce, whatever genes are linked to aggressive behavior are more likely to

be transmitted to subsequent generations.

生物方法的支流，被称作社会生物学，认为攻击是自然的，甚至是理想的，对人类。社

会生物学看待许多社会行为，包括攻击行为，当作是遗传决定的。想想达尔文的进化理论吧。

达尔文认为 更多的个体被生产，比能找到食物和幸存到成年的个体要多。努力生存下来，

也就是紧随而来。那些个体拥有特点：这些特点给他们提供了优势在努力生存方面，这些个

体更有可能存活，把他们（彪悍的）基因贡献给下一代。在许多物种之中，这样的特征包含

了攻击性。因为攻击性的个体更有可能存活和繁殖，无论什么基因连接了攻击性行为，这样

的基因更有可能被遗传到后代当中。

The sociobiology view has been attacked on numerous grounds. One is that

people's capacity to outwit other species, not their aggressiveness, appears to be

the dominant factor in human survival. Another is that there is too much

variation among people to believe that they are dominated by, or at the

mercy of（受……所支配）, aggressive impulses.

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