2024年2月16日发(作者：)

专业英语四级（阅读）-试卷148

(总分：30.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 READING COMPREHENSION(总题数：11，分数：30.00)

V READING COMPREHENSION

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析：

N AIn this section there are several passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions.

For each question, there are four suggested answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the

one that you think is the best answer.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析：

We're always being told by the Department of Health to eat five portions of fruit and vegetables

a day. But it's not clear where the evidence for this comes from and a large study by the European

Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition(EPIC)two years ago of the dietary intake of

more than 400, 000 people found only a weak link between eating fruit and vegetables and a reduction

in overall cancer risk. There's no evidence it reduces breast or prostate cancer. Even so, how

could anyone argue against eating more fruit and vegetables? Well, it depends what fruit you're

eating. A review article in the Canadian Medical Association Journal warns that a chemical in

grapefruits can interact fatally with certain medicines. Even apple juice, the staple of many

breakfast tables, may reduce our absorption of some drugs. Parents also often think fruit juice

is a healthy alternative to soda drinks but juices contain sugar and calories too—as much as

a glass of Coke(160 calories)—so should be drunk in moderation. Grapefruit has also been linked

to an increase in breast cancer. A study in the British Journal of Cancer(BJC)of 500, 000

postmenopausal women found that eating a quarter of the fruit a day increased the risk by 30%.

There is one good reason for not eating grapefruits—they taste sour. But they are unlikely to

increase your risk of breast cancer: further research in the BJC showed no increase of breast

cancer in pre- or post-menopausal women who tuck into grapefruits or drink juice. Grapefruit

contains a type of chemical called furanocoumarin(also found in Seville oranges and limes but

not Valencia or other sweet oranges), which, by inhibiting the enzyme CYP3A4, stops the breakdown

of some prescription drugs. So the concentrations of these drugs rise and can have serious

side-effects, including kidney damage, heart block(where no electrical impulses pass through the

heart and it can stop beating), and deep vein thrombosis(which occurred when an oral contraceptive

was taken by a woman who also ate grapefruit three days in a row). Patient information leaflets

should tell you what foods to avoid with which drugs. If in doubt, ask your doctor. So you don't

need to eat less fruit, and may still need to eat more. Another paper from the EPIC study found

a 22% reduction in deaths from heart attacks in people who ate eight portions of fruit and

vegetables a day compared to those who ate three or fewer. The way the study is designed, however,

means that it can only suggest a link—it can't prove one.（分数：6.00）

(1).EPIC conducted a research two years ago to______.（分数：2.00）

that people should eat five portions of fruit a day

a way to reduce the overall cancer risk

sure the right amount of fruit eaten every day

igate the relation between eating fruit and reducing cancer risk √

解析：解析：推理题。文章第一段第二句提到，两年前欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调研协会对40多万人的饮食摄入情况进行了大规模研究，发现吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系不大，由此推知，该研究是为了调查吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系，所以选[D]。同时第一段第二句还提到每天应该吃五份水果和蔬菜这一说法的来源还不清楚，但并未提及该研究是否证明了这一说法，所以排除[A]“证明

人们应该每天吃五份水果”；这一研究的目的只是调查吃水果和蔬菜与减少癌症总发病率之间的关系，而不是为了找到减少癌症总发病率的方法，因此排除[B]；该句提到EPIC研究了40多万人的饮食摄入情况，但并未提及[C]“确定每天适当的水果摄入量”，故排除。

(2).In parents' opinion, fruit juice______.（分数：2.00）

not be drunk with drugs

be healthier than soda drinks √

also cause weight gain

be drunk as much as the child like

解析：解析：细节题。文章第二段最后一句表明，父母们也经常认为果汁是汽水的健康替代品，由此推知，父母认为果汁比汽水更健康，所以[B]正确。本段第三句提到，西柚中的一种化学物质可以和某些药物发生致命的相互作用，第四句也指出，苹果汁可能减少我们对某些药物的吸收，但并未表明父母认为果汁“不应该和药物一起喝”，故排除[A]；该段最后一句提到，果汁也含有糖和卡路里，但父母并未意识到这一点，所以排除[C]“可能导致体重增加”；文中只提到父母认为果汁可以作为汽水的替代品，但并未说父母认为可以随便喝，因此排除[D]“可以让小孩儿随意喝”。

(3).The effect of the chemical in grapefruit on certain medicine might NOT lead to______.（分数：2.00）

cancer √

damage

block

vein thrombosis

解析：解析：细节题。由第五段第二句可知，西柚含有的化学物质对某些药物产生的影响可能导致严重的副作用，包括肾损害、心脏传导阻滞和深静脉血栓形成，所以[A]“乳腺癌”与文意不符，故为正确答案。

I'm a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I'm happy to say that both my parents

are still kicking. I'm on good terms with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed

with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate

in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know. I cannot, for the life

of me, give a genuine compliment. It simply doesn't come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order

to maintain all the aforementioned relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of obligation

than a gift that might put wind in the sa Is of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that

giving should spring from joy, or at least from a heartfelt desire to see the recipient enlivened

by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, or I can't cite the intrinsic

value of those I love, everyone loses. I feel like I've warped the emotional and social development

of my children, alienated any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world

at arm's length. I can recall certain compliments given to me through the years. Some of them

made all the differences, whether in attaining some goal or simply affording me an elevated sense

of self and my rightful place in the world. The value of timely acknowledgment is obvious. After

years of psychotherapy and the obsessive self-examination endemic to my generation, I believe

I know where this stinginess of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there

were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our affection. Mama was driven

to distraction, to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set

a selfless and hardy example. I had complete sympathy for her difficult situation, even at the

time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I thirsted

for my mother's attention. I needed to know that she valued me as more than her helper, her strong

little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would

never get it. "That's OK, " I reckoned, "I can get by without it", "it" being her love. You can

imagine the sibling rivalry in all its permutations. Eventually I took haven in the written word

to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of

approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only serve to increase the gulf between

me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we're all

"one big happy family", but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even

think to reach into that purse, however, it's pretty much empty.（分数：6.00）

(1).Which of the following may NOT describe the character of the author's mother?（分数：2.00）

sive. √

ish.

tic.

.

解析：解析：推理题。第四段中作者谈到了自己的母亲迫于生活压力，将作者推上了生活的前线，还是孩子的作者想要得到的是母亲的关注和爱，而在本段末作者也指明，他永远也得不到它，由此可以看出，母亲不善于表达自己的情感，故[A]“善于表达的”不符合原文对母亲性格的描述，故为正确答案。本段第三句中可以看出，母亲为作者树立了无私和坚韧不拔的榜样，所以[B]和[D]不选；而母亲为了生活把作者(长子)当作自己的帮手来维持生计说明母亲是个现实的人，也排除[C]。

(2).The author's experiences during the childhood indicate all of the following EXCEPT that（分数：2.00）

author is the first child of the family

family led a very hard life

mother gave less attention to him

mother treated him as more than an assistant √

解析：解析：推理题一从第四段第五、六句可以看出，作者认为当时自己作为一个孩子得到的远远不够，他渴望得到母亲的关心，进而在第七句中进一步指出他需要了解到母亲不仅仅把他当作一个帮手和她坚强的小小男子汉，他需要得到母亲的爱，但从后文可以看出，他并未得到，所以反过来说，在母亲眼里，作者仅仅是一个维持生计的帮手，故选[D]，同时也可排除[C]。由本段第二句可以看出，作者是家里最年长的孩子，故排除[A]；根据该段第三句提到的母亲肩上的担子很重可知，作者家里生活艰难，所以也排除[B]。

(3).From the passage, we can draw a conclusion that______.（分数：2.00）

has a deep influence on a person √

ments are very important to a person

should treasure the relationship with others

facing tough time, one should never give up

解析：解析：推理题本文主要阐述作者在孩童时期的经历对他以后生活所造成的影响：作者是长子，童年时期承担起了协助养家糊口的重任，但同时他也只是个孩子，表露出对弟妹们的支持和鼓励只能让自己更失去母亲的关爱，从而形成他成年后不会称赞别人的性格特点，所以可以推断出[A]正确，其他三项都不是文章的中心和写作意图所在。

In an effort to sustain commercial and recreational fishing for the next several decades, the

United States this year will become the first country to impose catch limits for every species

it manages, from Alaskan pollock(till)to Caribbean queen conch(海螺). Although the policy has

attracted scant attention outside the community of those who fish in America and the officials

who regulate them, it marks an important shift in a pursuit that has helped define the country

since its founding. Catch limits are intended to protect the 528 species in federally managed

fisheries. Unlike most recent environmental policy debates, which have divided neatly along party

lines, this one is about a policy that was forged under President George W. Bush and finalized

with President Obama's backing. "It's something that's arguably first in the world, " said Eric

Schwaab, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's assistant administrator for

fisheries. " It's a huge accomplishment for the country. " Five years ago, Bush signed a

reauthorization of the Magnuson-Stevens Act, which dates to the mid-1970s and governs all fishing

in U. S. waters. A bipartisan coalition of lawmakers joined environmental groups, some fishing

interests and scientists to insert language in the law requiring each fishery to have annual catch

limits in place by the end of 2011 to end overfishing. Although NOAA didn't meet the law's Dec.

31 deadline—it has finalized 40 of the 46 fishery management plans that cover all federally

managed stocks—officials said they are confident that they will have annual catch limits in place

by the time the 2012 fishing year begins for all species.(The timing varies depending on the fish,

with some seasons starting May 1 or later.)Some fish, such as mahi-mahi(海豚鱼)and the prize game

fish wahoo(刺鲅)in the southeast Atlantic, will have catch limits for the first time. Until

recently the nation's regional management councils, which write the rules for the 528 fish stocks

under the federal government's jurisdiction, regularly flouted scientific advice and authorized

more fishing than could be sustained, according to scientists. Joshua Reichert, managing director

of the Pew Environment Group, said the law's ban on overfishing forced fishery managers to impose

limits that some commercial and recreational fishers had resisted for years. "This simple but

enormously powerful provision had eluded lawmakers for years and is probably the most important

conservation statute ever enacted into America's fisheries law, " Reichert said. And unlike many

environmental regulations, which are written and enforced by Washington officials, the fishing

limits were established by regional councils representing a mix of local interests. "Because the

final decisions were left on the local level, you have a higher assurance of success, " said James

L. Connaughton, who helped prepare the reauthorization bill while chairing the White House Council

on Environmental Quality. "If it had been imposed in Washington, we'd still be stuck in 10 years

of litigation. " But the changes have not come without a fight, and an array of critics are seeking

to undo them. Some commercial and recreational operators, along with their congressional allies,

argue that regulators lack the scientific data to justify the restrictions. And they suggest that

the ambitious goals the law prescribes, including a mandate to rebuild any depleted fish stock

within a decade, are arbitrary and rigid.（分数：4.00）

(1).Which of the following statements about "catch limit policy" is CORRECT?（分数：2.00）

has attracted the attention of the whole society.

has led to opposite opinions held by lawmakers from different parties.

sets limits on the fishery of all federally managed stocks. √

the catch limits have been finalized by the end of the year 2011.

解析：解析：细节题。由第一段第一句可知，美国将在今年成为世界上首个对所有纳入渔业管理的物种施以捕捞限制的国家，故[C]为正确答案。由第一段第二句可知，这一政策并未引起美国渔业及渔业监管机构以外的广泛关注，故排除[A]“该政策吸引了全社会的关注”；由第二段第二句可知，不同于最近以党派划分立场的环境政策辩论，该政策先后分别得到了来自共和党和民主党的两任总统的支持，故排除[B]“该政策导致各党派立法者意见相左”；由第四段第一句可知，限捕计划并未在2011年12月31日前全部确定，还有几项计划将在2012年捕鱼季开始前确定，故排除[D]“所有的限捕计划已在2011年截止前完成”。

(2).It can be inferred from the passage that______.（分数：2.00）

A.U. S. is an innovator in fishery regulation by setting a universal catch limit

Magnuson-Stevens Act is invalid for the time being

C.U. S. has precedents in the process of formulating fishery limits

regional management councils were ignoring the sustainability of fishery before √

解析：解析：推理题。由第五段第一句可知，地方管理委员会直至近期还经常无视科学建议，为超出可供持续捕捞数量的捕鱼行为大开绿灯，故[D]为正确答案。由第二段第一句可知，美国将为528种鱼类设置捕捞限制，同时由第四段可知，目前根据鱼类的种类不同，限补数量尚未逐一确定，故排除[A]“美国是设定通用的渔业捕捞规定的改革者”；由第三段第一句可知，布什总统签署了自20世纪70年代中期以来一直掌管美国所有水域渔业活动的《麦格努森一史蒂文森法案》的重新授权，故排除[B]；由第二段第三句可知，美国实行渔业限捕措施开创了世纪之先河，因此可推断美国在此做法上没有先例，故排除[C]。

I have an uncle who was for years a Chicago public school teacher. Passionate and articulate about

his subject, biology, Arnie cared a great deal about whether the kids learned in his class. But

here's the disturbing thing he recalls about his career; In the years that his classes were filled

with kids from poor, broken homes who didn't eat or sleep with any regularity, he worried that

he wasn't nearly as effective as he wanted to be. He reached some of the kids, sometimes, with

some material, but not enough to his liking, no matter what he did or how hard he tried. When

he changed schools and suddenly was teaching Kids from middle-class families who valued education,

he instantly became a brilliant teacher. His students progressed at a fast clip, and everything

he did seemed to work. What some school reformers seem to forget is that the kids' circumstances

outside school affect their class performance: how much they eat, how much they sleep, how many

words they heard when they were young, how many books were made available to them, the abilities

and the disabilities with which they were born, etc. What happens in the classroom is incredibly

powerful, but it is not the only thing that matters. This is why it was so disheartening to hear

President Obama wade into a debate about last week's firing of all of the educators at Central

Falls High School in Rhode Island. The firings by the Central Falls school trustees made big

headlines, not because reconstituting a school is new, but perhaps because it is the only school

in the state's poorest and smallest city, and because it was not reported as being the consequence

of years of calculated efforts to fix the school(even if it was). Education Secretary Arne Duncan

immediately applauded the move, saying the committee members were "showing courage and doing the

right thing for kids." And today, Obama felt the need to jump in, saying in a speech; "So if a

school is struggling, we have to work with the principal and the teachers to find a solution.

We've got to give them a chance to make meaningful improvements. But if a school continues to

fail its students year after year after year, if it doesn't show signs of improvement, then there's

got to be a sense of accountability." "And that's what happened in Rhode Island last week at a

chronically troubled school, when just 7 percent of 11th graders passed state math tests—7 percent.

When a school board wasn't able to deliver change by other means, they voted to lay off the faculty

and the staff. As my Education Secretary Arne Duncan, says, our kids get only one chance at an

education, and we need to get it right. " One thing that Obama got right; the school board wasn't

able to deliver change, but, unfortunately, the school board didn't fire itself. It fired all

the administrators and teachers, as if they were the only things responsible for student failure.

I wish someone would tell Obama the truth about school restructuring.（分数：4.00）

(1).According to the author, why did the firings in the Central Falls school arouse so much

attention?（分数：2.00）

e the school has never tried to enhance its situation.

e the school was located in a poor area. √

e Obama attended a debate on the firings.

e the school would not be shut down.

解析：解析：细节题。由题干关键词arouse so much attention定位到第八段。由该段可知，作者认为该新闻之所以成为头条是因为这是全美：最小、最贫困的城市里唯一的一所学校，故[B]为正确答案。由该段最后可知，就算这所学校是因为经历了数年精心的改革却没取得成效才被迫解雇教师的，那也说不过去，更何况根本就没有人给过这所学校任何改革的机会，故排除[A]；第七段表明，奥巴马是因为这件事引起了轩然大波才参与辩论的，并不是因为他参与了辩论事件才受关注，故排除[C]；第八段第一句说这则新闻成为头条并不是因为学校的重组是个新话题，故排除[D]。

(2).The author disagreed with Obama that______.（分数：2.00）

school failed to make meaningful improvement

school had made great effort to fix itself

faculty totally accounted for the failure of the students √

school board wasn't able to deliver a change

解析：解析：细节题。文中倒数第三、四段引述奥巴马的话，倒数第一、二段是作者的观点。由倒数第二段可知，作者并不同意奥巴马和学校董事会的观点，反而认为学生糟糕的表现不全是老师的原因，故[C]为正确答案。[A]是奥巴马提出的，作者没有反对，故排除；[B]的内容作者在第八段有所提及，而后文中奥巴马也没有指明说学校付出了巨大的努力，故排除；[D]出现在奥巴马的发言中，作者表示同意，故排除。

N BIn this section there are five short answer questions based on the passages in Section

A. Answer the questions with No more than TEN words in the space provided.

__________________________________________________________________________________________

解析：

E ONE

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：People may eat more fruit．)

解析：解析：从文章最后一段第三句可知，人们不需要少吃水果，并且可能仍需要多吃水果，所以答案为Peoplemay eat more fruit。

E TWO

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：It was hard for him to express praises naturally。)

解析：解析：第一段末句作者提出自己的问题——总是让每个他认识的人失望，接着在第二段中讲述其原因，而且从genuine，naturally，from a heartfelt desire可以看出，作者真正的问题在于不知道如何真诚地、自然地和发自肺腑地对别人表达赞赏，所以正确答案为It was hard for him to express praises

naturally。

PASSAGE THREE（分数：4.00）

(1).According to the passage, who formulate the specific rules for fishery limits?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Regional management councils．)

解析：解析：由第五段第一句可知，地方管理委员会在联邦政府管辖下负责制定528种鱼类捕捞规定，故正确答案为Regional management councils。

(2).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：The U．S．will tighten the national and local fishing policy.)

解析：解析：通读全文可知，本文的主要内容是关于美国即将出台针对所有联邦管理鱼类的限捕措施，具体执行规定由地方管理委员会制定，故The U．S．will tighten the national and local fishing policy为正确答案。

E FOUR

（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________

正确答案：(正确答案：Frustrated.)

解析：解析：根据题干关键词disheartening定位到第七段。该段提到了罗德岛中央瀑布高中所有教师被解雇，奥巴马为之辩驳；后文又提到就算这所学校是因为经历了数年精心的改革却没有取得成效才被迫解雇教师的，那也说不过去。由上可知，第七段想表达的意思是奥巴马的辨解听起来让人沮丧，故Frustrated为正确答案。