2023年6月24日发(作者：)

综合英语四 重要词汇及解释

Unit 1 III

1. Ups and downs: Martins‟ upbringing shaped his whole life,

with so many ups and downs every now and then. 波折，盛衰，哭了，浮沉

2. Go through: At that period, South African was going through

a period of unchangeable events as the Blacks were fighting

for equality.发生

3. Close an account: The world is changing rapidly, our plans

must change accordingly. Otherwise, we should close an

account with the harsh market economy.遭遇失败

4. Misfortune: Julia has been made to undergo physical and

psychological misfortunes for her inability in having children.不幸

5. Put through: She wouldn‟t want to put them through the

suffering of a huge ceremony.经受，经历

6. Throw one‟s mind back to: Throwing our mind back to 1978,

we should not be surprised about some of Mrs. Thatcher‟s

comments, bearing in mind the party she belonged to. 回想起

7. Address oneself to: The famous orator addressed himself to

the public to promote his newly-published book which could

add to his reputation. 向……讲话，着手做……，致力于 8. Yield to: Parley yielded to general pressure from the society

and bitterly took the child to a specialist.屈服

Unit 2

1. Stake a claim: Ronald‟s success staked a claim for his place in

Germany‟s world championship team.罗纳德的成功使他在德国世界冠军队里有一席之地。公开声明对……拥有所有权；证明自己应该拥有（某物）

2. Be proportional to: Loss of weight is directly proportional to

the rate at which the disease is progressing.与……成比例；体重的降低和病情的恶化直接相关。

3. Attribute …to: Women tend to attribute their success to

external causes such as assistance from friends. 把……归因于……

4. Sidle up: As I was about to leave the restaurant, a young man

sidled up to me and said, ”May I help you?” 悄悄地走进，偷偷地侧身挨近

5. Plow into: A young lady and her little son were seriously

injured when a car plowed into them on a crossing.撞上

6. Tread on: My job is to challenge, but not threaten them. So I

must be careful not to tread on their toes.我的工作是对他们提出挑战而不是威胁。所以，我得小心不要伤害了他们的感情。踩，踏

7. Carve out: Not satisfied with the present position in the

company, he is trying to carve out a much greater role for

himself.寻求

8. Breathe down somebody‟s neck: In contemporary society,

most farmers have bank managers breathing down their

necks in order to secure their financial balance.现代社会里，大多数农民都有银行经理人密切关注着，确保他们的财务平衡。密切关注

Unit 3

1. At the expense of: Edward Stuart became a brilliant scholar,

but only at expense of his health.以……为代价

2. Prior to: According to the Federal Bureau of Inspection, a

man seen hanging around the area prior to the shooting could

have been involved in the assassination of the President.据联邦调查局透露，开枪之前，有人看到一个男子在那个地区徘徊，他有可能涉嫌暗杀总统。先于，在……之前

3. Give…pause to think：An opposition statesman said he hoped

the agreement would give them pause to think about the

futility of violence.反对派的一名政治人物说，他希望协议能让他们思考暴力的无益。思考 4. Take advantage of: In order to gain the utmost amount of

benefit, this corporation took advantage of the exceptional

opportunities open in exports.利用

5. Be available for: Two tennis courts and a swimming pool are

available for the regular members of the club, but the season

tickets are only valid for three months.可用的，可利用的

6. In earnest: It presented in satirical terms points made in

earnest by catholic writers, which proved to be a great

success.认真地，真正地

7. For the better: John‟s mind is always full of fantasies. He

dreamed of changing the world for the better. 有所好转

8. Be confronted with；The corporation was determined to push

forward the policy of reform, but the new system was

confronted with great difficulties at the start.面临

Unit 4

1. For good: The Johnsons thought this relative had come just

for a short visit, but it seems he is staying for good.长久，永久

2. Lie in: The root of all these events lay in the feudal system

that had existed for thousands of years.在于，位于，坐落于

3. Outskirt: This tribe has lingered on the outskirts of civilization for centuries, but slight advances have yet been

made.边缘

4. Brand with: The old man‟s face is branded with the lines of

pressure and exhaustion that have accumulated over the

years. 布满，打上……的烙印

5. Come into one‟s own: John will come into his own if the firm

needs an Information Technology engineer because he can

encode programs for the firm.尽其责，（在某种情况下）变得非常好（有用，重要）

6. Once and for all: The two parties have decided to settle the

economic disputes between them once and for all, in case

these matters will influence their further co-operation.永远地，彻底地，最后一次

7. Come into existence: The company actually came into

existence in 1945 in the war-demolished city of London with

the fund of the commonwealth.存在

8. In the certain respect: In the certain respect, history seems

to be impossible to be repeating itself. Otherwise, human

beings cannot make any progress at all.在某些方面

Unit 5

1. Soldier: From the age of 52 onwards, General Jaskson was not engaged in soldiering at all.当兵，服兵役

2. Hang together: At the critical moment of presidential

election, the candidate urged his supporters to hang

together.团结在一起

3. Pick on: When you have made up your mind, pick on a

particular day when you will not be under much stress.挑选

4. Resiliency: In his research, Professor Dane found the

resiliency of human beings to fight after they‟ve been

defeated. =resilience, 恢复力，弹性

5. Show off: He actually enjoys his newly-bought

Jaguar and

has decided to start showing it off.炫耀

6. Make a difference: It is sad to see him go because it really

will make a difference to the way we conduct our daily

affairs.改变

7. Intimacy: Invitation to have dinner together is usually

treated as a means of achieving intimacy with another person

in eastern culture.亲密，亲近

8. Binge: After the death of her only son, she went on

occasional drinking binges.狂饮，狂闹

Unit 6

1. In one‟s mind‟s eye: The murderer was about to be hanged. Before the execution, in his mind‟s eye he confessed all the

crimes he had committed. 在脑海里,在记忆中

2. Turn to: The CEO turned his attention to the practical

matters relating to forming a company specializing in

securities. (注意力、思想、谈话等)转向，转移

3. A glimpse of: As university campuses become increasingly

multi-ethnic, they offer a glimpse of the conflicts society

will face tomorrow. 一瞥

4. Resonate with: Los Angeles is confident and alive after the

disastrous earthquake, resonating with all the qualities of a

civilized city. 回想着，展现着，充满着（某种含义或感觉）

5. Be immersed in: The medical expert who had just immigrated

to our country was immersed in the research of gene

grouping.潜心研究，沉浸在，沉迷于，专心致志于

6. Be exposed to: Under the protection of their well-furnished

residence, they had not been exposed to most diseases

common to urban populations.与……接触，使暴露于（险境）

7. Take pride in: All the people of the country took pride in

offering the highest standards to the man who had used up

all his talents for the welfare of the people.以……为荣

8. Convey to: The railway company decided to extend to a

branch line to Newcastle to convey coal direct to other cities.运输

Unit 7

1. Be taken in: He was badly taken in when he bought that

second-hand car.被骗

2. To one‟s advantage: If the CEO of IBM listened to the

announcement about Microsoft‟s offers, he might hear

something to his advantage. 受益，利于某人

3. Be detrimental to: Workers of the phone company

demonstrated against the sale of CDMA in the heart of

Manila‟s business district. Before this the board has already

stated that the sale would be detrimental to the company.对……有害

4. Be comfortable with: She is comfortable with those who

speak the local dialect. 对……感到舒服

5. Bring down: The affair—which Northern Ireland First

Minister David Trimble has said is “10 times worse than

Watergate”—had threatened to bring down the

power-sharing government and wreck the Good Friday peace

agreement.垮台

6. Cloud: With so many clues interwoven together, his judgment

was clouded. 使模糊不清 7. Affect: That same technology is used to understand the

seasonal migration of other diseases such as malaria. It‟s also

used to monitor air pollution, water quality and other

environmental issue that affect public health.影响

8. Get bogged down: The new Prime Minister got bogged down

deeper and deeper in political and economic crises.陷入困境，停顿

Unit 10

1. Round up: We should be able to round up a few friends to help.召集

2. Grit: The duelist gritted his teeth as he cocked the gun a

second time. 咬紧

3. Classic: The education authorities are considering such a

question: Ought the study of the classic to form a part of

the education of youth? 经典著作，古典

4. Retreat: It is a retreat from his original position on

industrial relations. 撤回，退出

5. Kinship: Peter was among the peer group, the one with whom

Paul felt most kinship in spirit.心灵相通。血缘关系，密切关系，相似

6. Press: When he ascends a steep place, he is pressed with an unusual difficulty of breathing.登上斜坡时，他感到呼吸异常困难。

7. Critique: Sam offered an extended critique to reporters of

what he viewed as weaknesses against social crime.评论，批评

8. Be dubious about: O‟Neill is dubious about the benefit the

tax cut would have on the economy.对……表示怀疑

9. Be vibrant with: The city is vibrant with life.

Unit 11

1. Shrug off: But there are clear signs that this government is

seeking to build its ties with the rest of the world and shrug

off its isolationist stance.摆脱

2. Take over: They took over a private bank after the

government announced a plan of banking and privatization

reforms.接管

3. Buck up: The administration department of the company

tried to buck up appetites of customers, stating that 96

percent of its products on sale were up to standard.（使）振作精神，（使）快活起来，激起（情绪）

4. Wipe out: Nineteen months after their family was almost

wiped out in a bloody massacre, the Johnsons are celebrating

the marriage of their only daughter.消灭，毁灭 5. Spin around: On hearing what his wife had said, Thomas spun

around to face her in great surprise.转身

6. In a fit of rage: After having apparently quarreled with his

wife in a fit of rage, he travelled 12 miles on foot, and his

anger decreased. 盛怒之下，一怒之下

7. Charge at: Completely enraged by the people who had hurt

him, the elephant charged at them with terrific violence.

向……猛冲，袭击，扑向

8. At the top of one‟s lungs: Nearly a thousand people in a

darkened Manhattan movie theatre were singing at the top of

their lungs during the last scene of

The Sound of Music. 高声唱

9. Jump at: She jumped at the chance to go abroad. 欣然应允，马上接受

Unit 12

1. Slide into: The newly founded regime needed these

influential politicians to stop her sliding into chaos.（使）滑入，悄悄地溜进

2. Pull up: At the beginning of the playoffs, he was made

redundant and now he is trying to pull himself up again.（使）上拉，（使）停下 3. Bounce: He is/was bouncing a ball against the wall.拍

4. Reckon on: They are typical of couples who plan a family

without reckoning on the small fortune it will cost.考虑

5. In succession: Pete Sampras won the Championship of

American Open for the third year in succession.连续地

6. Press…into: The local bar has been pressed into service as a

school restaurant since the war began.被迫做…逼迫，强迫

7. Stir up: He said senior government officials were trying to

stir up ethnic tensions through mess media.引起，激起

8. Cling to: They knew that academic authorities rejected their

legend, but they still clung to their belief.坚守，坚持

Unit 14

1. Rat race: In most cases if one is looking for an alternative to

the routine nine-to-five rat race, the advantages of creating

a new lifestyle outweigh the challenges.激烈竞争

2. Urban: In the simple beauty of the country the once wealthy

merchant of London lost the recollection of urban

magnificence.城市的

3. Simulation: Jan Drake, director in the Electronic Data

Systems Corp. „s government industry group, said army

soldiers and engineers can use the simulations to test “different designs and concepts before putting them into

practice.”模拟，模仿

4. Congregate: The stirring wind that is becoming stronger and

stronger would hinder their congregation.相聚

5. Scurry: On a hillside where gypsies used to live outside this

ancient city, a concrete maze of buildings is taking shape as

workers scurry to finish the dusty road leading to it. v/n 小步快跑 scurry to do sth. 匆忙做某事

6. Have knowledge of: They probably don‟t have any direct

knowledge of how criminal trials are conducted or what the

rules are.对……的了解

7. Insolence: The leader of the visiting delegation spoke with

such coolness that what he said sounded almost like insolence.

傲慢

8. Compensate for: The newly-organized federation insisted

that the Blood Center compensate for all the lost that

happened to the blood transfusion victims.赔偿，补偿