2024年4月6日发(作者:)
英语四级名词
词组
一、名词词组和固定搭配
1.介词+名词
by accident 偶然
on account of 因为,由于,为了……的缘故
in addition to 另外,加之
in addition 除…之外(还)
in the air 流传中
on (the/an) average 按平均值,通常
on the basis of 根据,在…的基础上
at best 充其量,至多
for the better 好转,向好的方向发展
on board 在船(车或飞机)上
out of breath 喘不过气来
on business 因公,因事
in any case 无论如何,不管怎样
in case of 假如,如果发生;防备
in case 假使,以防(万一)
in no case 决不,无论如何不
by chance 偶然,碰巧
in charge (of) 负责,管理
(a)round the lock 日夜不停地
in common 共用的,共有的
in conclusion 最后,总之
on condition (that) 如果
in consequence of 由于…的缘故,因为
on the contrary 正相反
in contrast with/to 与…对比起来,与…形成对比
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
2.动词+名词
have/gain access to 可以获得
take…into account 考虑到,顾及,体谅
take advantage of 占…的便宜,利用
pave the way (for) 铺平道路,为…作准备
pay attention to 注意
do/try one‘s best 尽力,努力
get/have the best of 战胜
make the best of 充分利用
get/have the better of 战胜,在…中占上风
catch one‘s breath 屏息;喘气,气喘;歇口气
take care 注意,当心
英语四级名词
take care of 爱护,照料
take a chance 冒险,投机
take charge 开始管理,接管
keep…company 陪伴
take (a) delight in 以…为乐
make a difference 有影响,起(重要)作用
carry/bring/put into effect 使生效,实行,实现
come/go into effect 生效,实施
take effect 生效,起作用
catch sb‘s eye 被某人看到,引起某人注意
keep sb‘s head 保持镇静
in the world 究竟,到底
lose sb‘s head 慌乱,仓皇失措
lose heart 丧失勇气,失去信心
get/catch/take hold of 抓住,得到
keep house 管理家务
throw/cast light on/upon 使人了解,阐明
bear/keep in mind 记住
have in mind 考虑到,想到
make up one‘s mind 下定决心,打定主意
bring/put into operation 实施,使生效,使运行
动名词
动名词在句中起名词的作用,可以充当主语、表语、宾语(动词宾语或介词宾语)。它可以
有自己的定语、宾语或状语。
1)动名词作主语
Seeing is believing。 Talking mends no holes。Taking a cold shower every morning does him a lot
good。____in an atmosphere of simply living was what her parents wished for。 (CET-4 1999,
1)
A) The girl to be educated
B) The girl educated
C) The girls being educated
D) The girl was educated
动名词和不定式都可以做主语。不定式做主语表示具体的动作,动名词做主语则可以表示
抽象或一般性的动作或情况。根据句意,这个女孩在朴素的生活环境中接受教育是她的父母
所希望的,接受教育不是具体的一次性动作,因此用动名词,答案为C。当动名词做主语时,
英语四级名词
我们常用先行词it作形式主语,而把真正的主语动名词放到句尾,特别要注意如下结构:It
is useless (no use, no good, no harm) doing。。。 It is a waste of time doing。。。 It is
worthwhile doing。。。
【例如】
It is no use crying over spilt milk。It is a waste of time discussing such matters with him。It is no
good leaving todays work for tomorrow。
2)动名词作动词宾语动名词作动词宾语是大学英语四级考试的重要内容。
a) 英语中有些动词后面只能跟动名词作它的宾语。这类动词常见的有:admit, advice,
anticipate, appreciate, avoid,consider, delay,deny,dislike, enjoy,escape,excuse,
fancy,favor, finish,imagine,include , keep, mind,miss, postpone, practise,prevent ,
propose, resist, risk, suggest等。
【例如】
Mike often attempts to escape being fined whenever he breaks traffic regulations。The doctor
suggested that I avoid smoking and drinking for a month。Would you mind opening the window?
The murderer denied killing the rich man。I would appreciate ____it a secret。 (CET-4 1995,
6)
A) your keeping B) you to keep
C) that you keep D) that you will keep
appreciate后面一般加动名词做宾语,动名词可以有自己的逻辑主语,因此答案为A。
That young guy still denies____the fire behind the store。 (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to start B)shavingsstarted
C) start D) to have started
Deny后面加动名词作宾语,而且引发火灾是在否认这一动做之前,所以用动名词的完成式,
答案为B。
b)动名词在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面作宾语时,表示被
动的意思。
【例如】
My shoes need mending。The following language points deserve mentioning。This matter demands
英语四级名词
discussing。Your hair wants ____。 You had better have it done now。 (CET-4 1997, 1) A)
cut B) to cut
C) cutting D) being cut
Want, need, require等动词后经常加动名词做宾语,表示被动的意思,故答案为C。
c) 有些短语动词和结构后面也要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的短语动词常见的有:feel like,
give up,go on,object/objection to,put off,keep on,insist on,leave off,look forward to,
think of, cant help, be/get used to, spend。。。in , have difficulty in, have trouble/a hard
time in, there be no need, confess to等。
【例如】
Do you feel like going out for dinner with me tonight?Chinese people are looking forward to
holding the 27th Olympic games。I am used to going to bed late and getting up late。Although
punctual himself, the professor was quite used ____late for his lecture。 (CET-4 1998,1)
A) to have students B) for students being C) for students to be D) to students being
be/get used to doing表示习惯于干什么,是固定用法,因此答案为D。
I have no objection____ your story again。 (CET-4 2000,6)
A) to hear B) to hearing
C) toshavingsheard D) to have heard
object/objection to doing是固定用法,因此A和D可以排除。动名词的完成式表示其动作发
生在谓语动词的动作之前,而句中听的动作还没有进行,因此用动名词的一般式,答案为B。
d)有些动词既可以加动名词,又可以加不定式,两者在意义上有差别。这些动词有:forget,
like, remember, regret, try等。forget to do:忘记去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
Dont forget to take an umbrella when you go out。forget doing:忘了做过某事。
【例如】
Ill never forget ____you for the first time。 (CET-4 2000,12)
A) to meet B) to have met
英语四级名词
C) meeting D)shavingsto be meetig
forget to do表示忘记去做某事,还没有做。forget doing表示忘了做过某事。根据句意:我永
远不会忘记第一次遇到你,遇到的动作已经发生,应选择动名词,答案为C。remember to do:
记住去做某事,还没有做。
【例如】
I will remember to write to you often。If I had remembered ____the window, the thief would not
have got in。(CET-4 1996,1)
A) to close B) closing
C) to have closed D)shavingsclosed
remember to do表示记得要做某事,还没有做。根据句意,如果我记得去关窗户,小偷就不
会进来,窗户很明显没有关,所以用不定式,答案为A。remember doing:记得做过某事。
【例如】
I remembered putting my wallet in the bag, but I could not find it。
regret to do:遗憾做某事,经常用:regret to say
【例如】
I regret to say that I cant accept your invitation。
regret doing:后悔做过某事。
【例如】
I regret notshavingstaken your advice。
try to do:尽力做某事。
【例如】
One should try to do everything well。
try doing:试着做某事。【例如】
I tried cooking, but I failed。
3)动名词作介词宾语
英语四级名词
动名词作介词宾语,并且和介词构成介词短语。
【例如】
She left without saying anything to us。Mans dream of landing on the moon came true in1968。I
am afraid of being punished by the teacher。Ann never dreams of ____for her to be sent abroad
very soon。(CET-4 1998,6)
A) there being a chance B) there to be
C) there be a chance D) being a chance
of为介词,后面接动名词做宾语,因此B和C都可以排除。另外,根据句意:安妮从来没
有梦想过她有一个很快被送出国的机会,介词后面含有有的意思,用there be结构表达,故
正确答案为A。
改错应用
(一) 代词的单复数,代词的性别
在考试中如果代词打横线,代词错误的概率是非常高的,因此代词打横线,应该先看代词有
没有错。
例:The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American
Rockies
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into
the
A B C D
Pacific。
分析:D错,应改为those。D指代复数名词waters, it是单数,显然是错误的,根
据习惯故改为those。注意waters一词并没有错,它指江湖河海中的大片水域,可用复数
形式。
Water作为水是不可数名词,waters表示水域,通常使用复数形式,作主语谓语动词
用复数。
英语四级名词
Work作为工作是不可数名词,work作为作品,可数不可数都可以,例如:
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
一些动词后面必须用doing
对于加doing的词来说,考试中一般出现一个,下面这些词都是要加doing的,请考生牢记。
mind, finish, enjoy, celebrate, adjust
advocate, suggest
delay, quit
forgive(原谅),tolerate,
avoid, escape(逃避)
spend+名词+doing;
have trouble/difficult/a problem/ +doing
例:Long before the dawn of recorded history, humans celebrated to harvest
their
A B C D
crops。
分析:D错,应改为harvesting。及物动词celebrate直接带名词、名词短语或动名词短语
作宾语,故将to harvest改为harvesting。
例:Some experts have advocated to bring that country into the talks,
A B
to revive the intermittent dialogue that began after the 1967 Middle East War。
C D
分析:A错,advocate 后面直接跟doing, 改为advocate bringing
(4)表示目的的名词,
一共有7个这样的词,这一条也是最重要的。
固定的句式:
the purpose , the purpose of sth is to do sth。
the objective 目标
aim
goal
reason理由
英语四级名词
function功能
intension意图
例:The function of Louis Sullivan‘s architecture was providing
A
large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior。
B C D
分析:the function to provide, A错
例:The chief goal of biochemistry is for understanding the structure
A
and behavior of the carbon-containing compounds
B
that make up various components of a living cell。
C D
分析:the chief goal is to understand, A错
(5) 其他同根名词
ability to do 受到be able to 的影响
attempt to do 企图
decision to do 决定, 受decide的影响
ambition,
be ambitious to do
effort
例:For ancient people, myths were often attempts explanation
A B
catastrophic events such as volcanic eruptions。
C D
分析:B错,应改为to explain。 attempts后应跟动词不定式短语表目的,故将名词
explanation改为to explain。
例:In the early 1960‘s the Civil Rights movement made great
A B
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