2024年6月15日发(作者:)
2020年高考英语词汇解题妙招
专题07 名词转化为动词(原卷版)
众所周知,名词是英语词汇中比例最大的词,掌握了名词就解决了词汇的大多数。本节将介绍词汇转
换法:不添加任何成分, 不改变词形, 把一个词由一种词类转用为另一种词类的方法叫转化法。有时意思不
变有时意思有变化。如:下列词语均选自高考真题。
button (n.钮扣)→ to button (v.扣钮扣)
native (adj.本地的)→ native (n.本地人)
其主要形式有以下几种,我将在练习题中详细讲解。今天讲的是名词转化为动词。
根据下划线词在句中所作句子成分, 判断其词性及其意义。
1. What are the speakers talking about?
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet.
C. When to leave.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vi. 离开,出发;
【解析】原本是n. 许可,同意;休假。在此转化为动词。构成疑问词When+不定式to leave做介词about
的宾语。
has Kate’s mother decided to do?
A. Return to school. B. Change her job.
C. Retire from work.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】v. 改变,转变,(使)不同;(使)变换;替代,更换;交换;
【解析】原本是n. 变化,改变;替代物;换洗衣物;零钱,硬币;换乘;全新体验;新月相的出现。
复数 changes。 在此转化为动词。构成省略to的不定式短语做decide的宾语.
did Kate’s mother study at college?
A. Oil painting. B. Art history.
C. Business administration.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】 vt. 学习;考虑;攻读;细察
【解析】原本是n. 学习,研究;课题;书房;学问。复数 studies。在此转化为动词作谓语。
does the man seldom do exercise?
A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】 vi. 工作;运作;起作用
【解析】原本是n. 工作;产品;操作;职业;行为;事业;工厂;著作;文学、音乐或艺术作品。在
此转化为动词作谓语。
much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?
A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minute. C. 75 minutes.(2019年普通高等
学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vi. 运动;练习
【解析】原本是n. 运动;练习;运用;操练;礼拜;典礼。在此转化为动词,构成现在分词做伴随状
语。
6. What did the scientists do to the road?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it(2019年普通高
等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】v. 油漆;给……刷上(液体);
【解析】原本是n. 油漆;颜料;(非正式)化妆;三秒区;(尤指模拟真画效果的)绘画功能;在此
转化为动词作谓语。
7. What did the scientists do to the road?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it(2019年普通高
等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 阻止;阻塞;限制;
【解析】原本是n. 块;街区;大厦;障碍物。在此转化为动词作谓语。
provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.(2019
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 提供;出价;试图
【解析】原本是n. 提议;出价;意图;录取通知书。在此转化为动词作谓语。
provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.(2019
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 帮助;促进;
【解析】原本是n. 帮助;补救办法;帮忙者;有益的东西。在此转化为动词构成不定式短语做状语。
deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一
考试(全国卷I))
【答案】v. 必须,需要;(表示应该或不得不做)有必要。
【解析】原本是n. 需要,必须; 特别需要,迫切要求;欲望;(食物、钱或生活来源的)短缺,缺
乏;必需品;贫困(或困难)的处境。在此转化为动词作谓语。
a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help
people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考
试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 开始;启动
【解析】原本是n. 开始;起点。在此转化为动词构成省略 to的不定式短语和build skills, find a job 一
块做 to help的宾语补语。
12. Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start
and run their own summer businesses.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 管理,经营;运行;
【解析】原本是n. 奔跑;赛跑;趋向;奔跑的路程。在此转化为动词和前面的to start一起做目的状语。
is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】v. 培养;训练;瞄准
【解析】原本是n. 火车;行列;长队;裙裾。在此转化为动词构成动名词作requires的宾语。
14.22."Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody
gain an advantage, " he said.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vt. 获得;增加;赚到
【解析】原本是n. 增加;利润;收获。在此转化为动词构成省略 to的不定式短语做help的宾语补语。
make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head
outside.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
【答案】vi. 前进;出发;船驶往
【解析】原本是n. 头;头痛;上端;最前的部分;理解力。在此转化为动词构成从句的谓语。
小试牛刀:请找出下列句中的合成名词, 说明构成的类型并指出单词意思及句子意义。
program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect
on us."(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support."…Vote for …me …"(2019年普通高等
学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
recalls(回想起)how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse
himself to go to the bathroom.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
5. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考
试(全国卷I))
6. He wants these kids to learn to boast(夸耀)about themselves.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一
考试(全国卷I))
7. In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least
liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys(调查研究).(2019年普通高等学校
招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
8. What made Chris nervous?
A. Telling a story.
C. Taking a test.
B. Making a speech.
D. Answering a question.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏)with which one types and the pressure fingers
apply to each key. (2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and
the time between key presses. (2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
11. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently. (2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试
(全国卷I))
le as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences.(2019
年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,
with very low error rates. (2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
team hopes to make it to market in the near future.(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国
卷I))
15. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys.
C. To replace the password system.
B. To improve accuracy in typing
D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly.
C. It’ll be made of plastics.
B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
D. It’ll help speed up typing.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
17.I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.(2019年普通高等
学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on
others, among whom I soon found myself.
(2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(全国卷I))
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