2024年1月19日发(作者：)

《新概念英语第二册》语法精粹

五、倒装句

英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。

一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种

情况:

1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:

There goes the bell! 铃响了！ There lived an old man. Here comes the

bus.

注意:

①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。

②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。

2、方位状语在句首, 如:

In front of the house stopped a police car.

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

Under the tree sat a boy.

3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装

"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.

二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:

1. 否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,

seldom

Never shall I forget you.

At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

2. 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首,

前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:

Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship

was taken away.

No sooner

had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.(注意时态)

注意:

①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:

Not only you but also I like playing chess.

②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,

Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.

3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:

Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only in this way can I learn from my fault.

Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.

注意: only强调主语不倒装:

Only the teachers can use the room.

4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:

So easy is it that a clild can learn it.

So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.

I saw the film, so did he.

1、倒装句（Inversion）

英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。

一、倒装的类型

类型 例 句 说 明

完 全 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign 整个谓语移至主语 倒 装 friends. 之前。

学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。

部 分 Seldom does he go to school late.

倒 装 他上学很少迟到。

二、倒装结构的基本用法

1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装

情 况

疑

问

句

中

例 句

Have you got a dictionary?

你有一本字典吗？

Where did he go last Monday?

上星期一他去什么地方了？

Are you listening to the radio?

你在听广播吗？

Who told you the news?

谁告诉你那个消息的？

Which boy broke this glass?

哪个男孩子把这个玻璃打破了？

说 明

用完全或部分倒装，但以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。

只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。

“there There are three wells in our village.

be”结构我们村里有三口水井。

中 There stands a big paper making factory by the

river.

河边有座大型造纸厂。

在以here, Here is a letter for you.

there, 这儿有你一封信。

now, then, There goes the bell. 铃响了。

in, away, Now comes your turn to play.

up down等现在轮到你玩了。

副词开头Away went the crowd one by one .

的句子中 人们一个一个地离去。

Look, there he comes! 看，他来了。

Down she went 她下来了。

使用完全倒装结构。

但如果主语是代词则用正常语序。

在以I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she . 表示……也不这neither 我不会游泳，她也不会。 样， neither和nor 或no He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither nor意思相同，可more开头does he want to go there. 以替换使用，no

的句子中 他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。 more表示动作的

情 况 例 句 说 明

He did not turn up. No more did his wife. 程度并不比前面他没有来，他妻子也没有来。 提到的稍强。意为也不…。

用在as（尽Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see 从属连句as用于管）引导的me . 特殊语序，含义与让步状语尽管这些贵族很傲慢，他却害怕见我。 though,

从句中 Young as he is, he knows a lot . although相同，虽然他年轻，却知道很多东西。 但“as”这种结构可表示非常强烈的对照，必须用倒装（表语提前）

2、为了加强语气而使用的倒装。（使句子更加流畅，更加生动）

情 况 例 句 说 明

含有否定Never before have we seen such a sight. 常用否定词有：

意义的副以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 never,not,hardly,

词或连词Little did I think that he could be back scarcely seldom,

放在句首alive. little, not until,

时 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 not only…but also,

Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you no sooner …than,

a gift. hardly

我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。 (scarcely)…when等。Not only was everything that he had taken 一般主句用部分倒装结away from him, but also his German 构。

citizenship.

不仅他所有的一切被没收了，而且连他的德国公民权也被剥夺了。

副词onlyOnly then did he realize his mistakes . only 起强调作用，其句放在句首只有在那时，他才认识到自己的错误。 型为“only +状语+部时 Only in this way can you learn maths well . 分倒装”。

只有用这种方法，你才能学好数学。

Only Mother can understand me . 如置于句首的only修只有母亲最理解我。 饰主语，则不用倒装结Only three of us failed in the exam. 构。

我们中只有三个人考试不及格。

虚拟语气Were they here, they would help us . 把从句中if省略将条件从句他们要是在这儿，他们会帮助我们的。 were，had或should放中 Had I been informed earlier. I could have 在主语的前面。

done something.

我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。

Should you fail, take more pain and try

again.

万一你失败了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。

情 况 例 句 说 明

直接引语“He is a clever boy”said the teacher. 主句主语和谓语次序颠的全部或老师说：“他是个聪明的孩子。” 倒，用完全倒装。

一部分放“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and 但如果主句主语为代词在句首时 get help”“走，狄克，走！”汤姆呼喊着，时或谓语部分比主语“快回家去求援” 长，一般不用倒装。

“What do you think of the film? ”he

asked.

他问“你认为这部电影怎么样？”

“I’m leaving for Hongkong next

month”Mary told me yesterday.

玛利告诉我“我下月要去香港”。

表示祝愿May you succeed! 祝你成功。 谓语动词或谓语的一部的句子中 Long live the Communist Party of China. 分放在主语的前面。

中国共产党万岁！

副词so在He is interested in pop-songs, and so am 表示前面所说的情况也句首 I . 适合于另一个人或另一他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。 事物的肯定句中。

They will learn chemistry next term, so

will I .

他们下学期学化学，我也学。

I can drive a car, so can my younger

brother.

我会开汽车，我弟弟也会开车。

—Tom won the first prize for the English 如果后面的句子只是单 competition. 纯重复前句的意思，不－So he did. 表示也适用于另一人或英语竞赛汤姆获得了一等奖。确实如此。 事，则不用倒装结构。

It was cold yesterday. So it was .

昨天天气冷。的确冷。

在频度状Often did we warn them not to do so.

语often, 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。

always, Many a time has she helped me with my

many a English.

time等开她不止一次地帮助或学习英语。

头的句子中

在方式状Thus ended his life.这样结束了他的生命。

语thus开So loudly did he speak that even people in

头的句子the next room could hear him .

中及程度他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听状语so放得见。

句首

介词短语In the middle of the room stood a little

情 况 例 句 说 明

作状语，girl.

放在句首 在房间中央站着一个小女孩。

In the distance was a horse.

马在远处。

在强调表Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of 表语提前，不仅为了强语的句子great achievements. 调，而且为了使句子结中 阿尔伯特·曼因斯坦就是这样一个人，一个纯构达到平衡协调，或使朴而又取得巨大成就的人。 上下文紧密衔接。

Such is life. 生活就是这样。

Nearby were two canoes in which they had

come to the island.

附近有两只他们来这个岛乘坐的独木船。

【专项训练】

Ⅰ、选择填空

1、 that we all went out, lying in the sun.

A．The weather so fine was B．So fine was the weather

C．So the weather was fine D．So was fine weather

2、Under his arm a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days

before.

A．is B．are C．was D．were

3、 who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.

A．Before George stood the policeman

B．Before George the policeman stood

C．Before the policeman stood George

D．Before George did the policeman

4、Then we had been looking forward to .

A．came the hour B．the hour came

C．comes the hour D．the hour is coming

5、Only when he started to explain the reason for this.

A．she realized B．did she realize

C．she had realized D．had she realized

6、 succeed in doing anything.

A．Only by working hard we can

B．By only working hard we can

C．Only by working hard can we

D．Only we can by working hard

7、Not for a moment the truth of your story.

A．he has doubted B．he doubts

C．did he doubt D．he did doubt

8、Nowhere else in the world cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.

A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find

C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found

9、Hardly when the bus suddenly pulled away.

A．they had got to the bus-stop B．they got to the bus-stop

C．did they get to the bus-stop D．had they got to the bus -stop

10、Mary doesn’t speak French, and does Joan.

A．not B．neither C．either D．so

11、—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? —I don’t know, .

A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care

C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also

12、Not until the early years of the 19th century what heat is.

A．man did know B．man knew

C．didn’t man know D．did man know

13、After that we never saw her again nor from her.

A．did we hear B．we heard

C．had we heard D．we have heard

14、John won the first prize in the contest. .

A．So he did. B．So did he.

C．So he did, too. D．So did he, too.

15、 ,he doesn’t study well.

A．As he is clever B．He is as clever

C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is

16、You can never use my tape recorder. time should you touch that machine.

A．At no B．At any C．Any D．No

17、Scarcely the room the phone rang.

A．I had entered…when B．Had I entered…then

C．had I entered…when D．have I entered…when

18、Only save his life.

A．can the doctor B．the doctor can

C．will the doctor D．could the doctor

19、Hardly anybody the boy , because he is rude.

A．does like B．likes C．do like D．like

20、So well that the teacher praised her.

A．she had done her homework

B．her homework had been done

C．did she do her homework

D．she did her homework

21、Only when to know him will you get along with him.

A．do you come B．will you come

C．you come D．you will come

22、Out , gun in hand.

A．did he rush B．rushed he

C．he rushed D．had he rushed

23、He had promised me to come to the party ,and .

A．so did he B．so he did C．so he would D．so

would he

24、Into the sky the light blue smoke.

A．went up B．up went C．did go up D．had gone up

25、Little about his own life at the meeting.

A．did he talk B．he talked

C．he was talking D．had he talked

26、Under no circumstances first use nuclear weapons.

A．will China B．China will C．does China D．do China

27、 taken that examination, she could have passed it .

A．Were she B．Had she be able to

C．If she would have D．Had she

28、 tomorrow , we would put off the match till next Monday.

A．Should it rained B．Were it to rain

C．If it would rain D．Had it rained

29、Look, here .

A．Mr. Brown comes B．does Mr. Brown come

C．comes Mr. Brown D．Mr. Brown has come

30、Often us good advice.

A．did she give B．she did give

C．she gave D．she has given

31、Not until I began to work how much time I had wasted.

A．didn’t I realize B．did I realize

C．I didn’t realize D．I realize

32、Little about his own safety , though he was in great danger himself.

A．does he care B．did he care

C．he cares D．he cared

33、 began our new lesson.

A．But B．Thus C．Such D．So that

34、By no means look down upon the poor.

A．we should B．we should not

C．do we D．should we

35、Only when 30 years old to learn English.

A．was he , did he begin B．he was , he began

C．was he , he began D．he was ,did he begin

36、Not once their plan.

A．did they change B．they changed

C．changed they D．they did changed

37、“It’s very hot today.”“ .”

A．So it is B．So is it C．So does it D．So it

does

38、A fish needs water and without water it will die.

A．So does a man B．So will a man

C．So it is with a man D．So is it with a man

39、They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which .

A．sat a small boy B．a small boy sat

C．is sitting a small boy D．a small boy sitting

40、Society has changed and in it .

A．so have the people B．so the people have

C．the people have so D．have the people so

Ⅱ、改错

41、Only when was he 50 years old did he begin to learn French.

42、Little she knew Tom was was badly ill

43、Turn to the right and there are you.

44、And all around the fox in a circle was dogs.

45、—You can learn English well.

—So can we.

46、I dare climb this tall tree, but do you?

47、Not once he kept his promise.

48、Many a time he has given us some good advice.

49、Such a noise there was that I couldn’t work in the room.

50、Only does my mother understand me.

【答案】：

Ⅰ、1、B 2、C 3、A 4、A 5、B 6、C 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C 16A 17、C 18、B 19、B 20、C 21、C

22、C 23、B 24A

25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A

31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A

37、A 38、C 39、A 40、A

Ⅱ、41、was he —he was 倒装主句不倒装从句。

42、She knew—did she know 此句为半倒装句。

43、are you —you are 此句为全部倒装句如主语是代词则不倒装。

44、was—were主语是dogs 。

45、so we can 主语we与上一句中的主语you所指相同故不同倒装。

46、do you—dare you 前面句中用情态，后面要呼应。

47、he kept—did he keep

48、he has—has he

49、

50、去掉does，将understand改为understands。only后面跟状语倒装，后跟主语不倒装。