2024年5月5日发(作者：电脑主板品牌排行榜前十名)

Unit 3 Typical Activities of Chemical Engineers

化学工程师的例行工作

The classical role of the chemical engineer is to take the discoveries made by

the chemist in the laboratory and develop them into money--making,

commercial-scale chemical processes. The chemist works in test tubes and Parr

bombs with very small quantities of reactants and products (e.g., 100 ml), usually

running “batch”, constant-temperature experiments. Reactants are placed in a

small container in a constant temperature bath. A catalyst is added and the

reactions proceed with time. Samples are taken at appropriate intervals to follow

the consumption of the reactants and the production of products as time

progresses.

化学工程师经典的角色是把化学家在实验室里的发现拿来并发展成为能赚钱的、商业

规模的化学过程。化学家用少量的反应物在试管和派式氧弹中反应相应得到少量的生成物，

所进行的通常是间歇性的恒温下的实验，反应物放在很小的置于恒温水槽的容器中，加点

催化剂，反应继续进行，随时间推移，反应物被消耗，并有生成物产生，产物在合适的间

歇时间获得。

By contrast, the chemical engineer typically works with much larger quantities

of material and with very large (and expensive) equipment. Reactors can hold

1,000 gallons to 10,000 gallons or more. Distillation columns can be over 100 feet

high and 10 to 30 feet in diameter. The capital investment for one process unit in a

chemical plant may exceed $100 million!

与之相比，化学工程师通常面对的是数量多得多的物质和庞大的（昂贵的）设备。反

应器可以容纳1000 到10,000加仑甚至更多。蒸馏塔有100英尺多高，直径10到30英

尺。化工厂一个单元流程的投资可能超过1亿美元。

The chemical engineer is often involved in “scaling up” a chemist-developed

small-scale reactor and separation system to a very large commercial plant. The

chemical engineer must work closely with the chemist in order to understand

thoroughly the chemistry involved in the process and to make sure that the

chemist gets the reaction kinetic data and the physical property data needed to

design, operate, and optimize the process. This is why the chemical engineering

curriculum contains so many chemistry courses.

在把化学家研制的小型反应器及分离系统“放大”到很大的商业化车间时，通常需要

化学工程师的参与。为了彻底了解过程中的化学反应，化学工程师必须与化学家密切合作

以确保能得到所需要的反应的动力学性质和物理性质参数以进行设计、运转和优选流程。

这就是为什么化工课程要包括那么多的化学类课程的原因。

The chemical engineer must also work closely with mechanical, electrical, civil,

and metallurgical engineers in order to design and operate the physical

equipment in a plant--the reactors, tanks, distillation columns, heat exchangers,

pumps, compressors, Control and instrumentation devices, and so on. One big

item that is always on such an equipment list is piping. One of the most impressive

features f a typical chemical plant is the tremendous number of pipes running all

over the site, literally hundreds of miles in many plants. These pipes transfer

process materials (gases and liquids) into and out of the plant. They also carry