2023年6月24日发(作者：)

Unit 1 The Power of Language

Text A

Pre-reading Questions

1. Do you usually challenge the idea an author represents? What do you think is

active reading?

通常情况下，你是否会反对作者提出的观点？你认为什么是积极阅读？

2. What suggestions do you expect the author will give on reading critically?

你希望作者就批判性阅读提出什么样的建议呢？

Critical Reading

Critical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a

position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves

more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves

questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions

about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical

reader.

阅读纪实文学适合用批评性的阅读方法，因为在非文学类作品里，作者常常会提出某种观点或是寻找作者的态度。批评性的阅读方法是一种主动性很强的阅读方法。它涉及到的不仅仅是理解作者所说的话。批评性的阅读方法还涉及到质疑和评估作者所说的话，涉及到作者所说的话要形成你自己的观点。如果我想要成为一名有批评性思维的读者，在这里我列出一些你应该做到的。

The new words:

1. Power

2. Pre-reading

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Challenge 怀疑

Author 作家

Represent 描述

Active 积极有效

Suggestion 建议

Expect期望

Critically公正

Apply 适用

Non-fiction非小说

Put

Forth 向前

Position观点

Seek寻找

Statement态度

Involve包含

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Questioning质问

19. Evaluate[ɪ'væljʊeɪt]

评价

20. Form产生

21. Opinion[ə'pɪnjən]主张

3 Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was

written by an author from a different cultural context than yours. Or, you may be

reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In

either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your

values and attitudes and those represented by the author.

仔细思考作者的写作背景。你可能正在读一篇与你的文化背景截然不同的作者所写的文章。或者，你可能正在读一篇写于不同于你所处的时代的文章。不论哪种情况，你必须能搞清楚同时好好考虑你的价值观和态度与作者的不同之处。

The new words:

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Consider考虑

Context背景

Different不同的

Cultural ['kʌltʃ(ə)r(ə)l]

文化

either任何一个

case 情况

recognize

['rekəɡnaɪz]

识别

account 解释、账目

difference差异

value 评价

attitude态度

represent

[reprɪ'zent] 表现

Question assertions made by the author. Don’t accept what is written at face

value. Before accepting what is written, be certain that the author provides sufficient

support for any assertions made. Look for facts, examples, and statistics that provide

support. Also, look to see if the author has integrated the work of authorities.

合理质疑作者所做出的论断。对于作者写出来的不要全盘接受。你在接受作者的观点之前，要确保作者提供了足够多的论据来支持其论点。你要仔细查看支持论断的事实、举例和统计数据。同时，你要查看作者是否参考了权威专家的著作。

The new words:

34. Assertion[ə'sɜːʃ(ə)n]断言、声明

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Accept 同意

Value价值

Certain确信

Provide提供

Sufficient[sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt]

足够的

Support[sə'pɔːt]

支持

41. Statistic [stə'tɪstɪk]

统计数值

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integrate ['ɪntɪgreɪt] 完整的

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authorities[ɔː'θɒrɪtɪz]官方的

Compare what is written with other written work on the subject. Look to see that

what is written is consistent with what others have written about the subject. If there

are inconsistencies, carefully evaluate the support the author provides for the

inconsistencies.

把作者所写的内容和该题材其他著作做对比。看看作者所写的内容与该题材领域其他人所写的是否一致。如果有不一致之处，要仔细评估该处作者提供的论据。 The new words:

44. Compare 对比

45. Consistent一致

46. Inconsistencies矛盾

47. Carefully小心的

48. Evaluate评价

49. Support支持

50. Provide提供

Analyze assumptions made by the author. Assumptions are whatever the author

must believe is true in order to make assertions. In many cases, the author’s

assumptions are not directly stated. This means you must read carefully in order to

identify any assumption. Once you identify an assumption, you must decide whether

or not the assumption is valid.

认真分析作者所做的假设。假设指的是作者为了提出其论断所必须相信是正确的那些观点。在许多情况下，作者的假设都不是直接陈述出来的。这就意味着你必须通过仔细地阅读来找到作者的所做的那些假定。一旦你找到一个假设，你必须判断一下这个假设是否是合理的。

The new words:

51. Analyze

['ænə,laɪz]

对···进行分析

52. Assumption [ə'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n]

假定

53. whatever[wɒt'evə] 无论什么

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assertion [ə'sɜːʃ(ə)n] 主张

55. directly

[dɪ'rektlɪ;直接地

56. Order命令

57. Identify[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ]确定，识别

58. Decide决定

59. Valid有效的

Evaluate the sources the author uses. In doing this, be certain that the sources are

credible. For example, Einstein is a credible source if the author is writing about

landmark achievements in physics. Also be certain that the sources are relevant.

Einstein is not a relevant source when the subject is poetry. Finally, if the author is

writing about a subject in its current state, be sure that the sources are current. For

example, studies done by Einstein in the early 20th century may not be appropriate if

the writer is discussing the current state of knowledge in physics.

评估作者的引用来源。评估时，要确定这些来源是否合适的。举例来说，如果作者写的是关于物理学上里程碑式的成就，那么爱因斯坦就是一个可靠的引用。第二，要确定这些引用是相关的。如果文章主题是诗歌，那么爱因斯坦这个例子就是不相关的。最后，如果作者所写的主题是当今局势，那就一定要确保引用来源也是当前的。例如，如果作者讨论的是物理学当今的学科知识情况，那么20世纪早期爱因斯坦的研究可能就不太适合了。

The new words:

60. Evaluate

[ɪ'væljʊeɪt] 评估

61. Source水源、来源、引用

62. Certain 确信 63. Credible可靠的

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Einstein['ainstain]爱因斯坦

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Landmark里程碑

Achievement业绩

Physics ['fɪzɪks]

物理

Relevant相关的

Poetry ['pəʊɪtrɪ]诗

Finally最后

Current现在的

State状态

Century 世纪

Appropriate[ə'prəʊprɪət]

恰当的

75. Discuss论述

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knowledge['nɒlɪdʒ] 知识

Identify any possible author bias. A written discussion of American politics will

likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a

Republican. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. You need to take

this possible bias into account when reading what the author has written. That is ,

take what is written with “a grain of salt.”

识别作者可能带有的偏见。有关美国政治的书面论述可能因作者是共和党人或是民主党人迥然而异。写出来的文章可能会很好地反映出作者的偏见态度和立场。你需要在阅读作者的文章的过程中考虑到其可能带有的偏见。这也就是说，要有持保留态度看待作者所写的文章。

By being a critical reader, you will become better informed and may change your

views as appropriate.

通过做一个有批判性的读者，你会成为一个更加有见识和学问的人，并可能适当的改变你自己的观念。

The new words:

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Identify[aɪ'dentɪfaɪ] 确定

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Possible可能的

Bias偏爱

Discussion讨论

Politics政治

Considerably相当的

Depend依靠

Democrat民主党人

Republican共和党人

Reflect反射

Biased有偏见的

Position位置

Grain颗

Salt盐

Inform通知

View观点

Appropriate恰当的