2023年6月24日发(作者：)

试卷2

I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one

that would best complete the statement and mark the corresponding letter on your

ANSWER SHEET. (1’x20=20’)

1. There are two main approaches to the study of English words, namely_____．

A． descriptive and prescriptive

B． synchronic and diachronic

C． spoken and written

D． competence and performance

2．Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics

A． polysemy

B． language family

C． ambiguity

D． complementaries

3．The hyponyms of „vegetable‟ are_____．

A． banana, pear, jam

B． pear, apple and banana

C． cucumber, celery, peas

D． tree, pine, elm

4．_____is a word-formation process by which a word is changed from one word-class into

another without the change of form．

A． Blending

B． Affixation

C． Back-formation

D． Conversion

5．According to the degree of similarity, homonyms can be classified into_____．

A． perfect homonyms

B． homograph

C． homophones

D． all the above

6．It is a general belief that the meaning does not exist in the word itself, but it rather spreads over_____．

A． the reader's interpretation

B． the neighbouring words

C． the writer's intention

D． the etymology of the word

7．Which of the following is a prefix of time and order

A． extra-

B． pro-

C． re-

D． semi-

8．Which of the following dictionaries is not a specialized dictionary

A． The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology

B． Chamber's Encyclopedic English Dictionary

C． Longman Dictionary of Phrasal Verbs

D． Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms

9．“The birds sing to welcome the smiling year．” is an example of_____．

A． euphemism

B． metonymy

C． cynicism

D． metaphor

10．The word “water” is_____motivated．

A． phonetically

B． semantically

C． morphologically

D． non-

11．“Give somebody an inch and he'll take a mile．” is a_____．

A． sentence idiom

B． proverb

C． clause idiom

D． both A and B

12．Which of the following is not associative meaning?

A． collocative meaning

B． stylistic meaning

C． affective meaning

第____页 共_____页 D． primary meaning

13．____are contrary terms．

A． dead/alive

B． parent/child

C． single/married

D． like/dislike

14．An idiom differs from a free phrase in that the former is ____and the latter is not．

A． structurally changeable

B． semantically analysable

C． structurally fixed

D． easily understood

15．What causes the ambiguity of the sentence “I like Mary better than Janet．”

A． Vocabulary．

B． Situation．

C． Structure

D． None of tile above

16．Affixes added to the end of words indicate grammatical relationships are known as ____．

A． bound roots

B． free morphemes

C． inflectional morphemes

D． derivational affixes

17．The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were____．Their languages were

dialects of still another branch of the Indo-European Language Family____．

A． German/Germanic

B． Celts/Celtic

C． Italian/Italic

D． Sweden/Swedish

18．The modes of modem English vocabulary grow through three major channels:____,

semantic change and ____．

A． exchange/lending

B． derivation/borrowing

C． creation/borrowing

D． affixation/creation

19. The term “vocabulary” is used in different ways because of all the following reasons

EXCEPT that _________ ． A． it can refer to the common core of a language

B． it can refer to the total number of the words in a language

C． it can represent all the words used in a certain historical period

D． it can stand for words in a given dialect or field

20. Which of the following is NOT an initialism?

A. VIP

B. BBC

C. BASIC

D. VOA

II Decide whether each of the following statements is true or false. If it is true, mark A

on the ANSWER SHEET. If it is false, mark B on the ANSWER SHEET. (1’x20=20’)

21. Morphology is the study of the construction of words out of morphemes.

22. A free morpheme is the smallest linguistic unit that has meaning or grammatical function.

23. Affixes are considered bound morphemes. They may be divided into inflectional and

derivational types.

24. -s in the sentence “He walks to school.” is a derivational morpheme.

25. If you divide “computers” into its component morphemes, the root would be “computer”.

26. The word, “bloomers” is from the name of a person; while “sitcom” is formed by

blending.

27. Every word that has meaning and sense, but not every word has reference.

28. The two phrases “the foot of the mountain” and “the mouth of the river” are

morphologically motivated.

29. If a word has a synonym, this word definitely has an antonym.

30. Previously, the word “liquor” meant all kinds of drinks or beverages, but now it refers to

alcoholic drinks, so its meaning has been specialized.

31. Initialism is a type of shortening, pronounced letter by letter.

32. Unlike denotation, connotation is relatively unstable and indeterminate．

33. Opposite to affixation, back-formation is a type of word-formation by which a shorter

第____页 共_____页

word is coined by the deletion of an affix from a longer one.

34. “All national character” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic

word stock．

35. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter．

36. In the process of “Radiation” the derived meanings of words are not directly related to

the primary meaning．

37. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word gradually acquires its

meanings in the process of development．

38. “Teacher” and “student” are conversives．

39. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the

dictionary．

40. Context determines the word sense, which does not mean that it gives a sense to the word,

but that it selects one out of all possible meanings already there.

III. Complete the following statements with proper words with the help of initial letter

according to the course book. (2’x10=20’)

41. A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and

s______ function.

42. Almost all affixes are b______ morphemes because few can be used as independent

words．

43. The major processes of word-formation are compounding, derivation, c______.

44. In terms of semantic contrast, antonyms can be classified into c______, complementaries,

conversives.

45. By origin, words can be classified into n______ words and borrowed words; while by

function, they can be classified into content words and function words.

46. Lexical items which have the same phonological or spelling form, but differ in meaning

are called h______. 47. I______ affixes serve to express such meanings as plurality, case, tense, aspects, and the

comparative or superlative degree.

48. The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called r______．

49. The stylistic features of words form their s______ meaning．

50. G______ is the change of meaning from specific to general．

IV. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B. (2’x10=20’)

A B

51. connotative meaning a. sitcom

52. blending b．fax

my/hyponym c．mother: love and care

54. metonymy d．hussy: “housewife”→”a woman of low morals”

55. alliteration e．the usual amenities such as a pub, a post office and a school

56. back clipping f．from cradle to grave

57. affixation/prefixation g．disobey, impolite,

58. pejoration h．might and main

59. specialization i．disease: “discomfort”→“illness”

60. elevation j．fond: “foolish”→“affectionate”

第____页 共_____页 系别

班级

学号

姓名

……………………………密………………………….封……………………….线……………………………

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