2024年4月16日发(作者：)

阅读理解 说明文

A.

【2018年全国卷Ⅰ】We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first

sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices(装置)

well after they go out of style. That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these

outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.

To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the

Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product

throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method

provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped

by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box-set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras

arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before

tablets and e-readers showed up in 2007.

As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living-room

television is replaced and gets planted in the kids’ room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in

every room of the house,” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from

four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We’re not just keeping these old devices — we continue

to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode

ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas

emissions（排放）more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.

So what's the solution（解决方案）? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers

also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve

more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more

on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy

consumption by 44%.

1. What does the author think of new devices?

A. They are environment-friendly.

C. They cost more to use at home.

B. They are no better than the old.

D. They go out of style quickly.

2. Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?

A. To reduce the cost of minerals.

B. To test the life cycle of a product.

C. To update consumers on new technology.

D. To find out electricity consumption of the devices.

3. Which of the following uses the least energy?

A. The box-set TV.

C. The LCD TV.

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B. The tablet.

D. The desktop computer.

4. What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?

A. Stop using them.

C. Upgrade them.

B. Take them apart.

D. Recycle them.

【答案】1. A 2. D 3. B 4. A

【解析】本文是一篇科普说明文。文章讲述了新旧电子设备的差别，旧电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者主

张使用新电子设备。

1.观点态度题。根据文章第一段中的That’s bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as

these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.可知，

使用旧的电子设备对环境和我们的钱包都是坏消息。这些过时的设备做相同的事情要消耗比新设备更多的能

量。由此推知作者认为新电子设备环保、节能。故选A。

2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie

Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the

environmental costs for each product throughout its life 可知，Babbitt’s team研究的目的是弄清

楚这些设备用了多少电。故选D。

3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中的They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets

instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.可知，平板电脑是耗能最

少的电子设备，可以降低44%的耗能。故选B。

4. 推理判断题。根据文章的整体内容可知，因为旧的电子设备耗能高，不环保。所以作者建议停止使用旧

的电子设备。故选A。

B

【2018年天津卷】There’s a new frontier in 3D printing that’s beginning to come into focus:

food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale.

And the industry isn’t stopping there.

Food production

With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for

decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer

makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “re-create forms and pieces” of food that

are “exactly the same”, freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the

dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.

Sustainability(可持续性）

The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate

that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability

is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts

believe printers could use

hydrocolloids

(水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and

grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions.

Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and

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