2024年6月18日发(作者：)

一、高中英语任务型阅读

1．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空格1

词。

A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on a Kindle were significantly worse

at remembering the order of events than those who read the same story in paperback.

The brain reads by constructing a mental representation of the text based on the placement of

the page in the book and the word on the page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids

this process, from the thickness of the pages in your hands as you progress through the story to

the placement of a word on the page.

Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this affects a reader's sense of control. The

inability to turn back to previous pages or control the text physically, either through making

written notes or bending pages, limits one's sensory experience and thus reduces long-term

memory of the text.

Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的) fashion, taking advantage of sensory

details to remember where key information was in the book by layout.

As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have adapted to skim a text rather than

really absorb its meaning. A 2006 study found that people read on screens in a "F" pattern,

reading the entire top line but then only scanning through the text along the left side of the page.

This sort of nonlinear reading reduces comprehension and actually makes it more difficult to

focus the next time you sit down with a longer piece of text.

Tufts University neuroscientist Maryanne Wolf worries that "the superficial way we read during

the day is affecting us when we have to read with more in-depth processing." Individuals are

increasingly finding it difficult to sit down and involve themselves deeply in a novel. As a result,

some researchers and literature-lovers have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to

counteract their difficulty making it through a book.

Slow-reading advocates recommend at least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading away from the

distractions of modern technology. By doing so, the brain can reengage with linear reading. The

benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are numerous, reducing stress and improving

your ability to concentrate.

Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to improving sleep. When many of us spend our

days in front of screens, it can be hard to signal to our body that it's time to sleep. By reading a

paper book about an hour before bed, your brain enters a new zone, distinct from that enacted

by reading on an e-reader.

Great News for People Who Read Actual Books

●According to a 2014 study, readers of a short mystery on a Kindle

Reading

helps

comprehension

in ________ had much worse memories of the order of events than those who

with read the same story in paperback.

●The tactile experience of a book ________ significantly to the

construction of a mental representation of the text.

●The use of e-readers influences a reader's ________ to control the

text physically, which limits one's sensory experience. Making one

________ to remember the text for a long time.

●People read actual books in a linear fashion, using their senses to

keep in mind the ________ of key information.

________ of two reading ●When we read on screens, we ________ the deeper meaning of the

habits

text.

●People read on screens in an "F" pattern, making it difficult for

them to read through long texts.

●The "slow reading" movement is meant to give readers a relatively

________ time to fully appreciate a whole book.

Benefits of slow reading

●At least 30 to 45 minutes of daily reading on paper makes you less

________ and increase your concentration.

●Reading an old-fashioned novel helps us ________ better.

【答案】 print；contributes；ability；unable /fail；Explanations /Comparisons；location；

miss；easy /easier；stressed /anxious /worried；sleep

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解，对比

了阅读纸质书籍和电子书籍这两种阅读习惯，说明了慢读和阅读纸质书籍的好处。

（1）考查信息归纳。根据第一段"A 2014 study found that readers of a short mystery story on

a Kindle were significantly worse at remembering the order of events than those who read the

same story in paperback.”；以及第二段“ The brain reads by constructing a mental

representation of the text based on the placement of the page in the book and the word on the

page. The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this process, from the thickness of the pages

in your hands as you progress through the story to the placement of a word on the page"可知，

2014年的一项研究发现，在Kindle上阅读一篇短篇侦探小说的读者，相比读平装书上同一

篇小说的读者，在记忆情节顺序方面明显逊色很多。大脑在阅读时会根据书页在书中的位

置以及单词在书页上的位置构建文本的心理表征。在阅读过程中，你手中逐渐变厚的书

页，还是一个单词在页面上所处的位置，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作

过程。所以前两段在主要说明阅读纸质书籍有助于对书内容的理解。故填print。

（2）考查同义转换。根据第二段中的“The tactile (触觉的) experience of a book aids this

process”可知，纸质书的这类触觉体验都促进了大脑的上述运作过程。aid可以用contribute

to替换，都表示“有助于”。故填contributes。

（3）考查信息归纳。根据第三段中的"Surveys about the use of e-readers suggests that this

affects a reader's sense of control。The inability to turn back to previous pages or control the

text physically."可知，关于电子阅读器使用情况的调查显示，这影响了读者的控制感。读者

不能翻回到之前的页面，也不能用有形的方式控制文本。所以电子阅读器的使用会影响读

者用有形的方式控制文本的能力。故填ability。

（4）考查同义转换。根据第三段中的"…thus reduces long-term memory of the text."可知，

因此降低了对文本的长期记忆。所以通过"reduce"可以判断出，unable /fail to do“未能做某

事”符合句意。故填unable /fail。

（5）考查归纳概括。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的)

fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book

by layout. ”；以及第五段中的“As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits have

adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑

以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记住书中的关键信息。随着我们越来越多地

在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以第四

段，第五段在对比两种阅读习惯。故填Explanations /Comparisons。

（6）考查同义转换。根据第四段"Before the Internet, the brain read in a linear (线状的)

fashion, taking advantage of sensory details to remember where key information was in the book

by layout."可知，没有互联网的时候，大脑以线状的方式阅读，利用感官细节按版面编排记

住书中的关键信息。"layout"可用location替换，都表示“位置”。故填location。

（7）考查归纳概括。根据第五段中的"As we increasingly read on screens, our reading habits

have adapted to skim a text rather than really absorb its meaning."可知，随着我们越来越多地

在屏幕上阅读，我们的阅读习惯已经适应了略读文本而不是真正吸收其含义。所以通过

"rather than really absorb its meaning"可知，用miss“错过”概括。故填miss。

（8）考查同义转换。根据第六段中的"As a result, some researchers and literature-lovers

have started a "slow reading" movement, as a way to counteract their difficulty making it through

a book."可知，因此，一些研究人员和文学爱好者开始了一场“慢读”运动，以抵消他们阅读

时的困难。所以通过"counteract their difficulty"可知，用easy /easier“容易的”替换。故填

easy /easier。

（9）考查同义转换。根据第七段中的"The benefits of making slow reading a regular habit are

numerous, reducing stress and improving your ability to concentrate."可知，养成慢速阅读的习

惯有很多好处，可以减轻压力，提高注意力。所以通过"stress"可以判断出，stressed

/anxious /worried“焦虑的”可以替换。故填stressed /anxious /worried。

（10）考查信息归纳。根据第八段中的"Reading an old-fashioned novel is also linked to

improving sleep"可知，读一本老式小说也有助于改善睡眠。故填sleep。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息归纳，同义转换和归纳概括三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅

读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知

识，做出正确答案。

2．请阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入1个最恰当的单词。

Why the youth sense anger in faces

We tend to believe that older people are more positive and younger people are more sensitive

to social cues (暗示).

Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing 10,000 men and women. They wanted to

see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial emotions, such as fear and anger.

The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US used a Web-based platform to collect

happiness data. It showed the participants two headshots (头部特写)of random people. They

were then asked to identify which subject was angrier, happier, or more fearful.

The research found that younger people were able to better identify angry and fearful facial

cues than older people.

"From studies and anecdotal evidence, we know that the everyday experiences of an

adolescent are different from an older person, but we wanted to understand how these

experiences might be linked with differences in basic emotion understanding,wrote Laura

Germine, the study's senior author.

But what is it that makes young people more sensitive?

"This is the exact age when young people are most sensitive to forms of negative social cues,

such as bullying," Lauren Rutter, the study's lead author, told Science Daily. "The normal

development of anger sensitivity can contribute to some of the challenges that arise during this

phase of development.

On the contrary across the whole 10,000-person survey, researchers found no decline in the

perception (感知)of happiness among older participants.

"What's remarkable is that we see declines in many visual perceptual abilities as we get older,

but here we did not see such declines in the perception of happiness, Germine told Neuro

Science News.

She added that these findings fit well with other researches, showing that older adults tend to

have more positive emotions and a positive outlook.

Following the paper's release, Rutter told Neuro Science News that gathering their primary

research online allowed the team to research into a "much larger and more diverse sample set"

than previous studies.

Title: Why the youth sense anger in faces

The idea ________ whether age affects people's ability to identify

Purpose of the research

facial emotions.

The researchers ________ happiness data on a web-based platform.

Process of the research

Two ________ head shots were shown to the participants.

Participants were asked to identify the more ________ subject.

Younger people are ________ at identifying negative social cues.

________of

research

the Adolescence is the exact age when anger sensitivity reaches its

________.

Perception of happiness isn't on the ________ with age.

What the research proves ________ with other researches.

Self-assessment of the

In comparison with previous studies, the sample set of the research is

research

superior in its size and ________.

【答案】 investigated；collected/gathered；random；emotional/sentimental；

Findings/Results/Conclusion；better；peak/summit/highest；decline；agrees/corresponds；

diversity

【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文，科学家们在网络上展开调查，收集1000个人识别面部

表情的信息，结果显示的确年轻人比老人更容易识别出生气、害怕这样的表情，但是识别

幸福的表情时相差不大。这与其它一些科学家的发现一致。老人更容易有积极情绪和乐观

看法。

（1）考查信息转述能力。根据第二段中的"Recently scientists investigated this idea by testing

10,000 men and women. They wanted to see if age affected a person's ability to identify facial

emotions, such as fear and anger."可知，最近科学家们通过测试1000名男人和女人研究了这

个想法。他们想看看是否年龄会影响一个人辨别害怕、生气等这样的面部表情的能力。

"investigate"是一个及物动词，可以直接作宾语。空格后的whether age affects people's

ability to identify facial emotions与this idea是等位关系，所以填investigated。

（2）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的"The researchers from McLean Hospital in the US

used a Web-based platform to collect happiness data."可知，美国McLean医院的科学家们用

一个网络平台来收集关于幸福的数据。"collect（收集）"还可以表达为gather。且第二个空

格在句中作谓语，本段话使用的是一般过去时，故填collected/gathered。

（3）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的"It showed the participants two headshots (头部特

写)of random people."可知，平台会展示给参与者两个随机人员的头部特写。也就是说随机

的两个头部特征被展示给参与者。故填random。

（4）考查信息转述能力。根据第三段中的"They were then asked to identify which subject

was angrier, happier, or more fearful."可知，参与者被要求识别哪一个人更生气、更开心或者

更害怕。也就是说参与者要识别哪个表情更情绪化。故填emotional/sentimental。

（5）考查信息转述能力。根据第四段中的"The research found that…"可知，下边讲述的将

是调查结果或发现。空格后是介词，前边没有限定词，"结果/发现"是可数的，所以空格处

填可数名词的复数形式。故填Findings/Results/Conclusion。

（6）考查信息转述能力根据第四段中的"younger people were able to better identify angry

and fearful facial cues than older people."可知，年轻人能比老人更好的辨别生气和害怕的面

部表情。故填better。

（7）考查信息转述能力。格局第七段中的"This is the exact age when young people are most

sensitive to forms of negative social cues"可知，青少年这个年纪是年轻人对消极的社会暗示

最敏感的年纪，也就是青春期时这些消极情绪的敏感度会达到高峰。与"most sensitive"呼

应。故填peak/summit/highest。

（8）考查信息转述能力。根据第八段中的"researchers found no decline in the perception

(感知)of happiness among older participants."可知，在老人参与者中研究人员没有发现对幸

福感知能力的下降，也就是说幸福感知能力没有随着年龄下降。故填decline。

（9）考查信息转述能力。根据第十段中的"She added that these findings fit well with other

researches"可知，这些发现与其它研究人员的发现一致。主语What the research proves为

第三人称单数形式，故可填agrees/corresponds。

（10）考查信息转述能力。根据第十一段中的“gathering their primary research online

allowed the team to research into a ‘much larger and more diverse sample set’ than previous

studies.”可知，与以前的研究相比，主要通过网络收集信息能让这个团队对"更大更多样性

的样本组"进行试验。也就是说这次样本的大小和多样性都比之前的研究有优势。故填

diversity。

【点评】本题考点涉及信息转述能力的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生准确掌握所给

材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

3．阅读下列短文并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词，每空一词。

Ready for final year

Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao, Senior 3 students feel relieved after

having survived their busiest year of high school.

Your milestone year begins in just two months, so how can you make the most of it? Here,

three graduates offer some practical advice to help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right

way.

Sun Hairuo, High School Affiliated to Renmin University of China, Beijing:

Think ahead about your major. Even though some universities allow students to switch to a

new major after enrollment, it still involves a lot of effort to do. So while you're preparing for the

gaokao, start to consider what field you want to major in at the same time.

When I was aware of my interest in social science, I began to collect information on the

internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and what life would be like on campus if I

chose this direction. Don't judge a major before you know everything about it, since your entire

future depends on it.

Qian Wenjing, Hangzhou Foreign Language School, Zhejiang:

Enjoy a hobby alongside your studies. It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if you

have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.

For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿”

on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life, recommend good books and introduce learning

methods to others. I also make videos on how to write an interesting daily journal for the video

platform .

So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you find time to let your hair down

sometimes too.

Wang Zixin, Beijing No 4 High School, Beijing:

Create your own system of knowledge using a notebook. In the review stage, find your weak

points on every science subject after each exam. Summarize the knowledge behind the errors in

your notebook — this will not only identify the problem, but will also save you time when you

don't have to spend so long figuring out the answer.

As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and English, write down any memorable sentences

you come across in your notebook.

And keep it in mind that improvements don't happen right away — it takes time to get better.

Ready for final year

Three graduates: although they're

anxiously ________ for their gaokao

________ for Senior 2 students.

results, they feel relieved after the

busiest year.

*Think about your major in advance while making

Sun Hairuo

________ for the gaokao. For example, ________ of my

interest, I collected every information about the major

before making judgments.

*Have a hobby and you'll feel ________.

*Keep the ________ in your schoolwork but make sure

Qian Wenjing

you find time to ________. For example, I run a WeChat

public account ________ I reflect on life, recommend

books and…

*Create your own system of knowledge. Find your weak

points on every science subject and as for liberal arts

Wang Zixin

subjects ________ Chinese and English, write down any

memorable sentences.

*________ that improvements don't happen right away.

【答案】 waiting；Advice；preparation；aware；motivational；advantage；relax；where；

like；remember

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙，三位高中已毕业的学生分享他们在高三学习的经验，

让现在的高三学子坚定信念，更好地迎接忙碌的高三生活。

（1）考查词义转换。根据第一段中的“Even though they're anxiously awaiting their gaokao,

Senior 3 students feel relieved after having survived their busiest year of high school.”中关键词

await，可以用短语wait for替换。故填waiting。

（2）考查原词重现。根据第二段中的“Here, three graduates offer some practical advice to

help you navigate (航行) your final year in the right way.”中的advice，注意首字母大写。故填

Advice。

（3）考查词性转化。根据第三段中的“So while you're preparing for the gaokao, start to

consider what field you want to major in at the same time.” 动词短语prepare for转化为名词短

语make preparation for“为……做准备”。故填preparation。

（4）考查原词重现。根据第四段中的“When I was aware of my interest in social science, I

began to collect information on the internet about what courses I'd like to take in university and

what life would be like on campus if I chose this direction.”中aware在题中作状语。故填

aware。

（5）考查词性转化。根据第五段中的“It's important to get high marks in all subjects, but if

you have nothing that can distract you from the piles of homework, you'll have no motivation.”中

的名词motivation转化为形容词motivational作表语。故填motivational。

（6）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you

find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中短语keep on top of (保持优势)，转换为keep

the advantage。故填advantage。

（7）考查词义转换。根据第七段中的“So, keep on top of your schoolwork, but make sure you

find time to let your hair down sometimes too.”中的let your hair down为俚语“放松一下”，转

换为动词relax。故填relax。

（8）考查定语从句。根据文章第六段For example, I run a WeChat public account, which you

can find by searching for “大嘴小个儿” on WeChat. On it, I share my reflections on life,

recommend good books and introduce learning methods to others.中的On it，题中先行词

WeChat public account，在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where。故填where。

（9）考查词义转换。根据倒数第二段中的“As for liberal arts subjects such as Chinese and

English, write down any memorable sentences you come across in your notebook.”中的such as

转换为like。故填like。

（10）考查词义转换。根据最后一段中的“And keep it in mind that improvements don't

happen right away — it takes time to get better. ”中的keep … in mind转换为remember。故填

remember。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义转换，原词重现，词性转化等题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅

读，要求考生准确掌握所给材料，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，做出正确答案。

4．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。

If there is one word to describe the progress made in the last 100 years, it's connectedness.

From the telephone to the radio to the TV to the Internet, we have found ways to bring us all

closer together, enabling，constant worldly access.

I don't think I need to highlight the benefits of all this. But the downsides are also beginning to

show. Beyond the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more

detrimental side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except

ourselves. According to Pascal, we fear the silence of existence, and we dread boredom and

instead choose aimless distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of

dealing with ourselves.

However, we ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious in

spite of being so intimately connected to everything else around us.

Fortunately, there is a solution. The only way to avoid being ruined by this is to face it. It's to let

the boredom take you where it wants so you can deal with whatever it is that is really going on

with your sense of self. That's when you'll hear yourself think, and learn to engage the parts of

you that are masked by distraction.

The beauty of this is that, once you cross that initial barrier, you realize that being alone isn't so

bad. Boredom can provide its own stimulation.

When you surround yourself with moments of solitude and stillness, you become intimately

familiar with your environment in a way that forced stimulation doesn't allow. The world

becomes richer, the layers start to peel back, and you see things for what they really are, in all

their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and in all their unfamiliarity.

You learn that there are things you are capable of paying attention to than just what makes the

most noise on the surface. Just because a quiet room doesn

'

t scream with excitement like the

idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't depth to explore

there.

Sometimes, the direction that this solitude leads you in can be unpleasant, especially when it

comes to introspection (内省)—your thoughts and your feelings, your doubts and your hopes—

but in the long term, it's far more pleasant than running away from it all without even realizing

what you are.

Being alone and connecting inwardly is a skill nobody ever teaches us. That's ironic because it

'

s

more important than most of the ones they do.

Solitude may not be the solution to everything, but it certainly is a start.

The Cost of Connectedness

Introduction

●________ the development of IT has brought us all closer together

than ever before, we ________to connect ourselves while connected

to everything.

The disadvantages of ● We are afraid of a________ state of existence and the boredom it

connectedness

brings.

●We feel so uncomfortable when dealing with ourselves that we

________ from it all and choose to be aimlessly distracted by the

noise of the world.

●We often ignore the fact that never facing ourselves is to ________

for our feeling lonely and anxious.

The ________ to the ●You can deal with whatever is going on with your sense of self.

problem

●You'll hear yourself, think, and learn to engage what is masked by

distraction.

●Being alone isn't so bad. ________, you'll be stimulated by boredom.

●The world becoming richer and ,the layers starting to peel back,

you'll have ________ views about what you see.

●You'll find yourself capable of being attentive to some things and

________ in depth beyond noise and scream.

Conclusion

●Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being

ruined by ________ and anxiety.

【答案】 Although/Though/While；fail；silent/quiet；escape/ hide/ shrink/ withdraw；

blame；solution(s)；Instead/Rather/Actually；comprehensive/thorough/ overall；exploring；

loneliness

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，信息技术的发展让我们可以和除了自己以外的一切

事物保持联系，也让我们害怕孤独和无聊。事实上，独处不仅能让我们克服这种恐惧，也

能让我们认清自己和更全面的看清问题。孤独也许不是解决一切问题的办法，但它确实是

一个开始。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的”But the downsides are also beginning to show. Beyond

the current talk about privacy and data collection, there is perhaps an even more detrimental

side-effect here: We now live in a world where we're connected to everything except

ourselves.“可知，让人们变得更近的科技最近展示出了缺点，那就是我们生活在一个除了和

自己，我们和一切都有联系的世界。故可推出"科技的发展"和"我们和一切都有联系，除了

自己"之间是转折意义。填Although/Though/While。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”We now live in a world where we're connected to

everything except ourselves“可知我们生活在这样的一个世界，除了自己我们和一切都有联

系，即我们没能与自己联系，fail to do sth，固定短语，"没能做某事"。空格处是主句谓语

动词，一般现在时，主语是we，故用动词原形，填fail。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we fear the silence of existence“可知我们害怕独处。

此处考查用a__________ state of existence替换silence of existence，通过分析可知空格处应

填形容词，a silent/quiet state of existence=silence of existence(独处)。故填silent/quiet。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的”we dread boredom and instead choose aimless

distraction and use the noise of the world to block out the discomfort of dealing with

ourselves.“可知我们害怕无聊，取而代之，我们选择漫无目的的分散注意力，用世界的噪音

来阻止我们面对自己时的不舒适感觉。故第4空处可译为We feel so uncomfortable when

dealing with ourselves that we __________ from it all我们在面对自己时感到如此不舒适以至

于我们想要躲避/逃离/退缩，此处是句子谓语动词，根据feel判断为一般现在时，主语是

we，故用动词原形，填escape/ hide/ shrink/ withdraw。

（5）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的”However, we ignore the fact that never facing

ourselves is why we feel lonely an anxious“可知，我们却忽略了事实，那就是从未面对过自己

是我们感到孤独和焦虑的原因。never facing ourselves is to ________ for our feeling lonely and

anxious.从未面对过自己应为我们的孤独感和焦虑感负责。此处用be to blame for”对……负

责“符合文意，由to判断此处用动词原形。故填blame。

（6）考查原词重现。根据此空后面列举的内容可知，它们都是解决孤独的方法，且原文

中”Fortunately, there is a solution.“也有提示，根据the判断此处填名词。故填solution(s)。

（7）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的”you realize that being alone isn't so bad. Boredom can

provide its own stimulation.“可知你会意识到孤独并没有那么糟糕，无聊会提供它自己的刺

激。Being alone isn't so bad. __________ , you'll be stimulated by boredom.独处并没有那么糟

糕，相反/事实上，无聊会刺激你，符合文意，又此处是修饰句子，应用副词，故填

Instead/Rather/Actually。

（8）考查推理判断。根据第六段中的”The world becomes richer, the layers start to peel back,

and you see things for what they really are, in all their wholeness, in all their contradictions, and

in all their unfamiliarity.“可知独处时世界变得丰富，层次开始剥落，你看到事物的本质，它

们的全部，它们的矛盾处，和它们的陌生处，即你对看到的事物有更全透彻的理解。再结

合名词views判断此处应填形容词，故填comprehensive/thorough/ overall。

（9）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”Just because a quiet room doesn

'

t scream with

excitement like the idea of immersing yourself in a movie or a TV show doesn't mean there isn't

depth to explore there.“可知，仅仅因为一个安静的房间不会让你兴奋的尖叫，就像你沉浸

在一场精彩的电影或电视节目一样，这并不意味着没有深度去探索，即安静的环境可以让

人集中精力去深度探索。故此处用"探索"符合文意，在结合前面的of判断此处应用动名词

形式。故填exploring。

（10）考查推理判断。本文主要讲害怕孤独对我们的危害，以及独处和无聊的好处，再结

合”Solitude is the first step you should take to save yourself from being ruined by ________ and

anxiety.“可知独处是你避免被孤独和焦虑毁掉所采取的第一步，可以总结本文，又根据and

anxiety可知空格处应填名词。故填loneliness。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和原词重现三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅

读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推

理，从而写出正确答案。

5．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

Fear of missing out

It's Friday night. While many of your friends may celebrate by going to the movies or checking

out a restaurant that's just opened, you've decided to spend this highly cherished night of the

week by yourself. The night is yours to enjoy. If you think this sounds relaxing, you're not alone.

At least for a little while until you start wondering if you've made the right choice. A doubt begins

sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet

evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement

quickly turns to anxiety.

Fear of missing out, or FOMO, is a common feeling. A recent study defined FOMO as “the

uneasy and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in

possession of more or something better than you.

Fear of missing out often develops as a result of deeper unhappiness. Research has found that

those with low levels of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO. Further

worsening the all- too-common feeling is the rise of social media use. Active users of social media

have a higher probability of comparing their achievements with others'. Rather than finding

happiness through their own experiences, they begin worrying that theirs aren't objectively

better than anyone else's.

The consequences of FOMO are significant and far-reaching. One study conducted with first-

year university students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue(疲劳), stress,

and sleep problems. Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of

participants admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through

increased spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.

So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude. By reflecting on what you already

have, you're less likely to put valuable mental energy in worrying about what you don't. Another

alternative?

Embrace(欣然接受) JOMO, or the joy of missing out. JOMO allows you to shift your focus to

what you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around

you may be doing. So, turn off your phones and tablets, and engage in something you enjoy while

resisting the urge to upload and share it. While this may take practice and perseverance(坚持不

懈), the results are well worth the effort.

By embracing the joy of missing out, you make room for all the benefits that come from

spending time with yourself and the inner wholeness you contain; you create space to keep up

with the things you wish you had more time for — gardening, reading, resting, exercising, cooking,

learning, or simply being; and you see yourself in new ways and unearth the talents, fears, joys

and quirks that lie beneath the surface.

Fear of missing out

Introduction to FOMO is a common fear that others might be having rewarding experiences

FOMO

from which you are ________. For example, initially, you enjoy spending a

Friday night alone in your own way. However, thinking of your friends'

possible fun, you begin to have ________ about your original decision, which

makes you________.

Causes of FOMO

*People are not really happy and even feel ________with their life.

*The use of social media may result in FOMO, especially when people make

negative ________between themselves and others.

Consequences of

*It can contribute to people's physical and mental ________.

FOMO

overcoming

FOMO

embracing

JOMO

【答案】 absent；doubts；anxious；unsatisfied；comparisons；discomforts/problems；

borrow；grateful/thankful；focusing；know/understand

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了FOMO“害怕错过”以及产生的原因，结果，

克服它的方法。并介绍了JOMO“错失的快乐”的益处。

（1）考查提取信息的能力。根据第二段中的“A recent study defined FOMO as “the uneasy

and sometimes all-consuming feeling that you're missing out — your peers are doing or in

possession of more or something better than you.”可知，最近的一项研究将“FOMO ”定义为

“一种不安的、有时是全神贯注的感觉。你正在错过你的同龄人正在做或拥有比你更多或更

好的东西。”所以空处填absent. 填absent。

（2）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the

fun your friends are having in your absence”可知，当你想象你的朋友们在你不在的时候玩得

多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。所以空处填doubts. 故填doubts。

（3）考查提取信息的能力。根据第一段中的“ Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for

yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.”可

知，突然间，你为自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快

变成了焦虑。所以空处填anxious. 故填anxious。

（4）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“ Research has found that those with low levels

of general life satisfaction are more likely to experience FOMO”研究发现，总体生活满意度较

低的人更容易出现“害怕错过”。所以空处填 unsatisfied。故填unsatisfied。

（5）考查提取信息的能力。根据第三段中的“Active users of social media have a higher

probability of comparing their achievements with others”积极使用社交媒体的用户更有可能将

自己的成就与其他人进行比较。所以空处填comparisons。故填 comparisons。

*It can cause people to ________money to keep up with others' lifestyles.

*Embrace the joy of missing out, ________on what you want without trying

to seek attention.

*It gives you a chance to________yourself better.

Approaches to *Be________for what you have now.

Benefits of *It allows you to have time alone to do whatever you enjoy doing.

（6）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的“One study conducted with first-year university

students found that fear of missing out was associated with fatigue( 疲 劳 ), stress, and sleep

problems”一项针对大学一年级学生的研究发现，“害怕错过”与疲劳、压力和睡眠等问题有

关。所以空处填discomforts/problems. 故填discomforts/problems。

（7）考查提取信息的能力。根据第四段中的

“ Furthermore, in a 2018 study of 1,045 Americans aged 18-34, nearly 40% of participants

admitted going into debt just to keep up with their friends' lifestyles, often through increased

spending on food, travel, clothes, and electronics.”可知，此外，在2018年对1045名年龄在

18岁至34岁之间的美国人进行的一项研究中，近40%的参与者承认，负债只是为了跟上

朋友的生活方式，通常是通过增加在食品、旅游、服装和电子产品上的支出。所以空处填

borrow。故填borrow。

（8）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with

gratitude”可知你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始。所以空处填grateful/thankful。故填

grateful/thankful。

（9）考查提取信息的能力。根据第五段中的“JOMO allows you to shift your focus to what

you really want at any given moment, without feeling concerned about what those around you

may be doing.”JOMO让你在任何时候都可以将注意力转移到你真正想要的东西上，而不用

担心周围的人在做什么。所以空处填 focusing。故填focusing。

（10）考查提取信息的能力。根据最后一段中的“you see yourself in new ways and unearth

the talents, fears, joys and quirks that lie beneath the surface.”可知，你用新的方式看待自己，

挖掘出隐藏在表面下的天赋，恐惧，快乐和怪癖。所以空处填 know/understand。故填

now/understand。

【点评】本题涉及考查提取信息的能力，要求考生准确理解所给材料，根据上下文的逻辑

关系，结合相关的语法知识和词汇知识，从而写出正确答案。

6．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

What is style? Style is the special visual paradigm centering on the visual symbol system. It is

contained in the materialized products of daily life such as fashion, borne, architecture,

horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of cultural products including

literature, films and music. It is still a way of behavior and life that expresses specific customs. To

sum up, style is not only the core of cultural products with visual, melodic, literal and abstract

symbols, but also a way of life.

The style of China means the expression of Chinese elements. Chinese elements are the

inheritance(传承)of cultural genes. The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural

accumulation(积累). It should not be limited to objects. It is supposed to express the Chinese

cultural concept of Confucianism and Taoism. It must reflect the specific views of man and nature,

man and objects as well as man and social relations.

The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world. It did influence the world. Silk and

ceramics were the main products traded along the Silk Road. They contained rich Chinese culture.

The thousand-year-old Silk Road spread the style of China to the West. And the craze for

Chinoiserie(中国艺术品)was a popular fashion in European society at that time.

The style of China is the reproduction and variation of cultural genes. It is the inheritance along

with innovation.

The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk, bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and

porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like meats, glass and cement should

be fully used. Besides, it is necessary to continue the concept of interactive space planning

between man and nature and between man and man. It also needs to explore such new spaces

as digitization, the Internet, virtual reality and artificial intelligence.

The style of China must show the transformation and promotion from Chinese manufacturing

to Chinese creation. It relies on the manufacturing power and the industrial strength. The style of

China presents to the world the image of a large industrial producer and a birthplace of global

creativity.

The style of China represents not only the reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of

Chinese value system.

The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage(遗产), draw on strengths of others

and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general public, the world and the

future.

Parts

1 (style)

Paragraphs

Main idea

1

what style is

Key information

● a special visual paradigm

● ________ in both materialized and cultural

products

● a way of behavior and life

2 (Chinese 2

style)

3

4-7

the ________ of ● the expression of Chinese culture

Chinese style

________ oriented

elements ________ over thousands of years.

● not only objects, but also cultural concept

● once influenced the world with silk and

ceramics along the Silk Road

not only inheritance but ● ________ products like silk and porcelain

also innovation

should be selected

● Modern ________ and concept should

also be used.

● from “made in China” to “________ in

China”

● reconstruction of objects ________

renewal of value system

8

________

● traditional, open and ________

● life-focused on the public, world and

future

【答案】 reflected /contained/expressed/conveyed/carried；definition/meaning；

accumulated；internationally/globally/world；Traditional；materials；created/innovated；

and；conclusion；modern

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国风格的特点，并指出中国风格必须体现

在从中国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，应该依托丰富的历史遗产，取长补短，与时俱

进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来。

（1）考查动词。根据第一段中的“It is contained in the materialized products of daily life such

as fashion, borne, architecture. horticulture; and environment. It is reflected in the creation of

cultural products including literature, films and music.”可知，风格包含在日常的文化产品之

中，也体现在文化产品的创作中，故填reflected/contained/expressed/conveyed/carried。

（2）考查名词。根据第二段中的“The style of China means the expression of Chinese

elements. ”可知，中国风格就是中国元素的表现，作主语用名词，故填

definition/meaning。

（3）考查动词。根据第二段中的“The style of China relies on thousands of years of cultural

accumulation(积累). ”可知，中国风格是中国几千年文化的积累，故填accumulated。

（4）考查副词。根据第三段中的“The style of China ought to be oriented towards the world.”

可知，中国风格面向全世界，故填internationally/globally/world。

（5）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk,

bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial

era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，中国风格有责任一如既往地选择

丝绸、竹子、瓷器等，同时充分利用肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代工业的材料，与modern相

对的应该是traditional（传统的），故填Traditional。

（6）考查名词。根据第五段中的“Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial era like

meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，肉类、玻璃、水泥等现代材料也应该被

充分利用，故填materials。

（7）考查动词。根据倒数第三段中的“The style of China must show the transformation and

promotion from Chinese manufacturing to Chinese creation.”可知，中国风格必须体现在从中

国制造到中国创造的转型和提升，故填created/innovated。

（8）考查连词。根据倒数第二段中的“The style of China represents not only the

reconstruction of objects, but also the renewal of Chinese value system.”可知，中国风格不仅代

表着创造对象的重塑，也代表着价值体系的更新，故填and。

（9）考查名词。根据最后一段 “The style of China ought to rely on rich historical heritage,

draw on strengths of others and keep up with the times. It should focus on the life of the general

public, the world and the future.”可知，此处是文章结论，中国风格应该依托丰富的历史遗

产，取长补短，与时俱进，应该关注公众的生活、世界和未来，故填conclusion。

（10）考查形容词。根据第五段中的“The style of China is duty-bound to select as always silk,

bamboo, wood, stone clay, glass and porcelain. Meanwhile, the materials in modern industrial

era like meats, glass and cement should be fully used.”可知，中国风格既应该继续选择丝绸、

竹子、瓷器等传统的材料，也应该充分利用玻璃和水泥等现代材料，将传统性和现代性结

合起来，故填modern。

【点评】任务型阅读的关键在看懂文章，然后根据题目要求作答，注意尽量用文章的语言

填写答案。在文章中找不到答案时，要完全理解句子，根据同义词，句型转换的方式找到

可以替换文章中的单词，短语或者句子的词。

7．请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单

词。

Do you know the look of wonder and joy that children get on their face when they listen to

someone reading them a story？Schools across the nation are bringing in volunteers to guide

children in this very way. If you simply enjoy spending time with children, being a reading

volunteer can be a great way to help support the upcoming generation of readers.

Reading volunteers work with elementary school age children to promote reading. They may

read books to children, listen to children read aloud, or distribute books to school children.

Reading volunteers promote the activity of reading, rather than focusing on teaching reading

skills. They may read to a whole class of children, to a small group, or be assigned a child to read

to one-on-one. During the time they spend with new readers, reading volunteers encourage

them to learn to read.

Almost anyone who knows how to read can be a reading volunteer. High school students,

college students, parents, grandparents, and police officers are just an example of the kinds of

people who become reading volunteers. Being able to read and wanting to spend time inspiring

children to read are the only skills needed to be a successful reading volunteer.

Several educational research studies show that children who are involved in programs with

adult reading volunteers improve their school performance levels. For example, in 1998,

researcher Sara Rimm-Kaufmann found that first graders involved in a program with an adult

reading volunteer three times a week had better letter recognition and reading skills than similar

first graders who hadn't been involved in such groups. In 2000, the Eugene Research Institute

found that fifth graders who had been in "SMART", an adult volunteer literacy program, were

60% more likely to have grade-level scores in standardized reading tests. Moreover, a 2006 study

by Brian Volkmann showed that children who were read to by adult volunteers had improved

school attendance, which is a major predictor of high school graduation rates.

In addition, reading volunteers themselves can gain a lot of benefits that range from expanding

their personal networks to adding valuable skills to their resumes. They also enjoy the special

time they get to spend with young children. Many volunteers have heart-warming stories to

share with the children they read to. The volunteers know that they are inspiring young children

with a proved educational strategy. So, if you have time, energy, and skill to support children's

literacy, it is a good idea to sign up to be a reading volunteer.

Topic: Reading Volunteers

General information

★Reading stories to children can bring them much pleasure.

★Employing reading volunteers for kids is a ________ practice

in schools nationwide.

★Being a reading volunteer is a good way to support children.

The work of a reading ★Read to children, listen to them read or give out books to

them.

★Pay attention to the reading itself instead of teaching reading

________ to children.

★Offer ________ to them while new readers learn to read.

volunteer

________ for being a reading ★Have the basic reading ability.

volunteer

programs

★Have the desire to inspire children to read.

reading.

★Enable children to ________ standardized tests more easily.

★Inspire children to avoid ________ classes.

★Develop and improve volunteers' ________ with others.

★Admit volunteers to obtain valuable skills to increase chance

of landing a ________.

★Give volunteers opportunities to enjoy the happy time with

children.

【答案】 common /standard；skills；encouragement/inspiration；

Requirements/Qualifications/Conditions；Benefits/Advantages/Effects；recognizing；pass；

skipping；relationship(s)；job

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了阅读志愿者的工作内容，成为阅读志愿者的

要求，成为阅读志愿者的好处以及阅读志愿者项目对孩子的积极影响等内容。

（1）考查信息转换。根据第一段中的"Schools across the nation are bringing in volunteers to

guide children in this very way"可知，“全国各地的学校都在招募志愿者，以这种方式指导孩

子”可推断出“雇用阅读志愿者在全国范围内是一个普遍的/常规的做法”，common practice

意为“普遍做法”。故填common/standard。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段"Reading volunteers promote the activity of reading，rather

than focusing on teaching reading skills."可知“阅读志愿者促进阅读的活动，而不是专注于教

学的阅读技巧。”可知，“阅读志愿者关注的只是阅读的活动而不是教学阅读技巧”。故填

skills。

（3）考查信息转换。根据第二段中的"During the time they spend with new readers, reading

volunteers encourage them to learn to read"可知“在与阅读新手相处的时间里，阅读志愿者鼓

励他们学习阅读”。由此可知填encouragement/inspiration。

（4）考查信息归纳。根据第三段的内容和表格右栏的内容可知，此处处主要讲述的是成

为阅读志愿者的条件/资格。故本空填Requirements/Qualifications/Conditions。

（5）考查信息概括。根据最后两段的内容及表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是阅读

志愿者项目的好处或影响。故填Benefits/Advantages/Effects。

（6）考查信息转换。根据第四段中的"first graders involved in a program with an adult

reading volunteer three times a week had better letter recognition and reading skills than similar

first graders who hadn't been involved in such groups."可知，阅读志愿者项目可提高孩子们的

识别（recognize）字母的能力。题干中的at为介词，因此本空填动词的ing形式，故填

________ of reading volunteer ★Improve the school children's skills at ________ letters and