2024年4月11日发(作者：)

话题08 中国文化

序号

1

2

3

4

5

体裁

应用文

说明文

说明文

记叙文

记叙文

主题

人与社会-活动介绍

人与社会—文化遗产

核心素养

文化意识--中国传统节日大寒

学习能力

-

非物质文化遗产

-

水密舱壁技术

人与社会—文化介绍--

文化意识

--

中国古代茶艺：茶百戏。

人与社会---文化使者

人与社会---中国诗歌

文化意识

--

留学生逐梦中国的故事

文化意识--推广中国文化

Passage1

The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms. Major Cold, or da han in

Chinese, is the last solar term in the annual solar calendar. Here are some things about Major Cold.

Cold current

During Major Cold, as the cold current moves southward, the weather is often cold to the extreme.

Though the related data in China show that the lowest temperature in a year is usually recorded during the

Major Cold period, it may not be as cold as Minor Cold in most areas on the whole since spring is

approaching.

Dispelling (

驱散

) cold

During Major Cold, the freezing weather has a big influence on Chinese people’s lives. Rather than

take up outdoor activities, people tend to reduce movements and choose to stay at home to keep fit in

various ways. For example, to stay warm, people in Beijing have a habit of eating dispelling cold cake, a

kind of rice cake that is thought good to warm and nourish. Besides, in Chinese, “rice cake” has the same

pronunciation with the words “higher in a new year”, which symbolizes good luck and continual promotion.

For another example, residents in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province like to drink nourishing chicken soup during

Major Cold.

The ending and the beginning

Major Cold often coincides with the end of the year, so the folk customs of this period have an added

sense of farewell to the old and welcoming the new. With the traditional Spring Festival around the corner,

people are busy making preparations for it, like stocking up delicacies, sweeping and decorating. The

cheerfulness of the reunion adds warmth to the cold winter days.

1

．

What is the feature of Major Cold?

A

．

Lasting much longer than Minor Cold.

B

．

Being colder than Minor Cold on average.

C

．

Resulting from cold current moving southward.

D

．

Dropping to the lowest temperature of the year.

2

．

How do Chinese people respond to Major Cold?

A

．

By eating specific food to keep warm.

C

．

By doing exercise to keep healthy.

B

．

By expressing new year’s resolution.

D

．

By decorating their houses to dispel cold.

3

．

In which part of a newspaper may the text appear?

A

．

Diet. B

．

News. C

．

Culture. D

．

Art.

Passage2

Invented in the Tang Dynasty and widely adopted after the Song Dynasty in Fujian, the

watertight-bulkhead (

水密舱壁

) technology permits the construction of ocean-going ships with watertight

compartments(

隔层

). If one or two cabins are accidentally damaged at sea, water will not flood the other

cabins and the ships will remain afloat.

The experience and working methods of watertight-bulkhead technology are transmitted orally from

master to apprentices. However, the need for Chinese junks(

中国式帆船

) has decreased sharply as wooden

ships have been replaced by steel-hulled ships, and today only three masters can claim full command of this

technology. Associated building costs have also increased owing to a shortage in raw materials. Therefore,

the inheritance(

继承

) of this heritage is decreasing, and inheritors are forced to seek alternative

employment.

Zhang Guohui, a 77-year-old inheritor of the watertight-bulkhead techniques used to make Chinese

junks, has been making ships for more than six decades. Coming from a poor family in a fishing town in

East China’s Fujian Province, Zhang started to make a living at the age of 16 fishing on the open seas,

which is where he developed a keen interest in constructing boats. As a fast learner, Zhang was later sent to

shipyards in the cities of Quanzhou and Xiamen in Fujian

Province, where he received training and became a master of traditional Chinese junks and gained fame

because of his extremely skilled craftsmanship in the construction of these junks.

In fear that the traditional skills would die someday, Zhang started to restore old ships and make