2024年3月15日发(作者：)

Translation exercises

1圆明园（Yuanmingyuan）以其传奇的魅力和与中国现代历史的联系而世界闻名。

在它在鼎盛时期誉时为“万园之园”和“东方的凡尔赛宫”（ Versailles of the East）。

这是一个由清朝（Qing Dynasty）五个皇帝展开监督并多次辛苦建立起来的皇家避暑胜地。

圆明园不仅因美丽而出名，同时它也是一个拥有大量的文化宝藏的国家博物馆。法国作家

维克多·雨果（Victor Hugo）曾经说过,“巴黎圣母院（Notre Dame in Paris）所有的宝

藏也无法与东方那巨大而宏伟的博物馆——圆明园相提并论。”

Key:

Yuanmingyuan is renowned throughout the world for its fabled charms and

association with Chinese modern history, extolled as the "Garden of Gardens" and

the "Versailles of the East" during its heyday. It was an imperial summer resort

painstakingly built and repeatedly expanded under the personal supervision of

five emperors of the Qing Dynasty.

Yuanmingyuan was not only famed for its beauty. It was also an imperial

museum with a vast collection of cultural treasures. The French writer Victor Hugo

once remarked, "With all its treasures, Notre Dame in Paris is no match for

Yuanmingyuan, that enormous and magnificent museum in the East."

2. 在中国，有许多不同种类的食品。这是在世界上闻名。很多外国人也非常喜欢它。

中国食品在世界非常流行，有粤菜(Catonese cuisine/dish)，川菜，上海菜，湖南食品等。

一般来说，广东菜是有点淡(light/bland)，四川菜是非常辣，上海菜就很油(oily/ greasy)，

具有很强烈的和辣的(spicy)味道(flavor)的湖南菜是很香的。麻婆豆腐（Mapo Beancurd），

清蒸(steamed)鱼，糖醋排骨(rib)，春卷(spring roll)和许多中国菜非常好吃。

译文：

There are many different kinds of food in China. It’s famous in the world. A

lot of foreigners like it very much , too. It’s very popular in the are

Cantonese food, Sichuan food, Shanghai food, Hunan food and so on. Generally

speaking, Cantonese food is a bit light, while Sichuan food is very hot; Shanghai

food is rather oily, and Hunan dishes are very spicy, having/with a strong and hot

taste. Mapo Beancurd, steamed fish, sweet and sour ribs, spring roll and many

Chinese dishes are very delicious.

不同的人喜欢不同的食物。在中国的南方，我们每天吃大米，有时分别在早餐，午餐

和晚餐的时候，我们吃两次或三次。我们平时吃的是鱼，肉和蔬菜，但在中国北方，人们

一日三餐都吃很多面条和饺子

Different people like different food. In the South of China we have rice every

day, sometimes we have it two or three times a day, for breakfast, lunch and supper.

We usually eat it with fish, meat and vegetables, but In the North of China, people

eat a lot of noodles and dumplings for three meals.

3. 现代生活节奏很快。人们不喜欢浪费他们吃早餐和午餐的时间，除了他们的业务和

家庭聚会的午餐时间。他们总是在外面或他们的办公室吃饭。有了这种新的生活方式，快

餐食品越来越受欢迎。您可能发现麦当劳，肯德基等店铺林立。近年来，快餐冲进中国，

中国的年轻人开始喜欢它。但是，流行的事物都是好的吗？答案是No

Life pace moves very fast these days. People don't like to waste time on their

breakfast and lunch except their business luncheon and family occasions. They

always have their meals out of or in their offices. With this kind of new custom, fast

food is getting more and more popular. You may find McDonald's, Kentucky Fried

Chicken, hainburger shops everywhere. In recent years, fast food rushes into China,

and Chinese young people begin to be fond of it. But is anything popular a good

one? The answer is No.

4. 1.中国人喜欢在一起吃饭，这个传统可以追溯到很久以前。2.这反映出中国人喜欢

团圆、不愿分离的观念—圆桌、圆盘、圆碗都象征着团圆和美满。3.盘子通常放在桌子的

中央，这样坐在桌子面前的所有人都可以吃得到。4.一锅热汤尤其可以增加和谐、团圆的

气氛。5.朋友们也喜欢在一起吃饭、生活。6.最近一位美国汉学家（Sinologiist）的著作认

为，中国人的集体观念（collective tradition）就是从一同吃饭发展而来的。

Chinese like to eat together, which is a tradition that can be traced back a long

time ago. It reflects the Chinese notion of union versus division—round tables,

round dishes, and round bowls all symbolize union and perfection. Dishes are

usually placed at the center of the table so that everyone around the table can

share them. A hot pot, in particular,(especially) adds to the atmosphere of

harmony and union. Friends also like to eat and live together. A recent book by an

American Sinologist held(is quoted, claims, put) that the Chinese collective

tradition developed out of the practice of eating together.

5. 春节是汉族最重要的节日。春节的历史很悠久。节前就在门上贴上红纸黄字的寓意

新年的寄语及财神像和挂大红灯笼等. 春节是个亲人团聚的节日。离家的孩子不远千里回

到家里。家人围坐在一起包饺子,用饺子象征团聚。

The spring Festival is the most important feast for Han people in China, which

has a long history. Before the festival, people always put up some New Year

greetings with golden characters on a red background on the door , pictures of

the God of Fortune and many red lanterns and so on .The spring Festival is a

holiday when we can reunite with our family and relatives. People away from home

will come all the way back home. Families will sit together making dumplings,

which symbolize reunion.

6. 意大利著名旅行家马可·波罗曾这样叙述他印象中的杭州：“这是世界上最美妙迷人

的城市，它使人觉得自己身在天堂。” 在中国，也流传着这样的话：“上有天堂，下有苏杭。”

杭州的名气主要在于风景如画的湖。 在杭州，您可以饱览西湖的秀色，也不妨漫步街头闹

市，品尝一下杭州的名菜名点，还可购上几样名特土产。

The famous Italian traveler Marco Pole was so impressed by the beauty of Ha

ngzhou that he described it as “the most fascinating city in the world where one

feels that one is in paradise.” In China, there has been a century-old popular say

ing praising the city: In Heaven there is Paradise; on Earth there are Suzhou and H

angzhou.”Hangzhou’s fame lies mainly in its picturesque West Lake. In Hangz

hou, you will not only find the lake a perfect delight to the eye but also find it a j

oy to stroll along the busy streets, taste famous Hangzhou dishes and buy some s

pecial local products.

上有天堂,下有苏杭’英文译法是:

Up above there is heaven; down below there are Suzhou and Hangzhou.

Heaven above; Suzhou and Hangzhou below.

Paradise in Heaven; Suzhou and Hanzhou on earth.

7. 在七夕节的夜晚，抬起你的头凝望星空，你会发现一些浪漫的事情在天空中发生。

牛郎织女会穿过银河，在鹊桥相会。奶奶们会提醒孩子，在那天晚上他们将无法看到任何

喜鹊，因为所有的喜鹊会用它们的翅膀在天上形成一条桥。这是中国传统节日中最具浪漫

色彩的一个节日。

On the night of valentine’s day ,raise your head and gaze at the stars, you will

find something romantic going on in the sky. Niu Lang, the Cowherd and Zhi Nv,

the Weaving Maid, will meet on a bridge of magpies across the Milky e

grannies will remind children that they would not be able to see any magpies on

that evening because all the magpies had left to form a bridge in the heavens with

their wings. This is the most romantic festival among the Chinese traditional

festivals.

8. Peking Opera

1.中国传统戏曲同希腊悲剧tragedy和喜剧comedy,还有印度梵语戏剧（Indian

Sanskrit opera）被认为是世界三大古代戏曲。2.尽管相对的只有两百年的历史，京剧在

中国超过360种的本地戏剧里，仍被称为中国的国剧。 3.它不是北京土生土长的地方剧种，

而是在“徽戏”（hui play）、“汉戏”(han play) 的基础上，吸收 “昆曲”(kunqu)、“梆

子”（Bangzi）和诸多地方小调的精髓（spirit），根据北京的语言特点(laguage

characteristics)形成的。

英语翻译：

Chinese traditional opera is considered one of the world's three ancient operas,

together with Greek tragedy and comedy, and Indian Sanskrit opera. Among the

more than 360 ancient local operas in China, Peking Opera is known as China's

national opera, despite its comparatively young 200year history. It is not a local

opera in Beijing .It's based on hui play and han play .Having been absorbed the

spirit of kunqu,bangzi and other local plays,it is an fantastic opera according to

Beijing's language characteristics .

9. 元宵节是中国的一个传统节日,通常在阴历年的第一个月的第十五天庆祝。在元宵节

到来的几天前，人们就开始做灯笼，有的被做成动物，有的被做成蔬菜，有的被做成水果，

各种样式都有。做灯笼时，人们通常在上面写上谜语(riddle)。在元宵节前夜，所有的灯笼

都被挂起来。在元宵节这天，人们都出来看灯笼和猜灯谜，也许你还能看见一些精彩的民

间表演龙舞和秧歌(Yangko)。

Lantern Festival is a China’s traditional festival which is celebrated on the

fifteenth day of the first month of the lunar year. Several days before Lantern

Festival, people begin to make lanterns. Lanterns are made in the shape of

different animals, vegetables, fruits and many other things. While making lanterns

people usually write riddles on lanterns. On the eve of Lantern Festival, all the

lanterns are hung up. On Lantern Festival people go outside to have a look at the

lanterns and guess the riddles on the lanterns. Perhaps you can see some

wonderful folk performances, Dragon Dance and Yangko.

10. 近年来，中国城市化进人加速阶段，取得了极大的成就，同时也出现了种种错综

复杂的问题。今天的城乡建设速度之快、规模之大、耗资之巨、涉及面之广、尺度之大等

已远非生产力低下时期所能及，建筑已成为一种重大的经济活动。（

难点注释：

1）城市化urbanization

2）加速阶段an accelerating phase

3）错综复杂的问题some complicated problems

4） 超过surpass

5）重大的经济活动a major economic pursuit

In recent years，urbanization in China has stepped into an accelerating

magnificent achievements，there have emerged some complicated

problems. The crux is that the cities and the countryside are developing at such a

rapid rate，on such a large scale，with such enormous capital，in such a vast extent

that they have surpassed any historical period China has ever witnessed before.

Virtually，building construction has become a major economic pursuit in China

today.