2024年1月24日发(作者：)

2021年12月英语四级阅读真题及答案 第1套 段落匹配

Directions:In this section, you are going to read a passage

with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains

information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the

paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose

a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a

letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding

letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Can Burglars Jam Your Wireless Security System?

[A]Any product that promises to protect your home deserves

careful examination. So it isn’t surprising that you’ll find

plenty of strong opinions about the potential vulnerabilities

of popular home-security systems.

[B]The most likely type of burglary (入室盗窃) by far is

the unsophisticated crime of opportunity, usually involving a

broken window or some forced entry. According to the FBI, crimes

like these accounted roughly two-thirds of all household

burglaries in the US in wide majority of the rest were

illegal, unforced entries that resulted from something like a

window being left open. The odds of a criminal using technical

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means to bypass a security system are so small that the FBI

doesn’t even track those statistics.

[C]One of the main theoretical home-security concerns is

whether or not a given system is vulnerable to being blocked

from working altogether. With wired setups, the fear is that

a burglar (入室盗贼) might be able to shut your system down

simply by cutting the right cable. With a wireless setup, you

stick battery-powered sensors up around your home that keep an

eye on windows, doors, motion, and more. If they detect

something wrong while the system is armed, they’ll transmit

a wireless alert signal to a base station that will then raise

the alarm. That approach will eliminate most cord-cutting

concerns—but what about their wireless equivalent, jamming?

With the right device tuned to the right frequency, what’s to

stop a thief from jamming your setup and blocking that alert

signal from ever reaching the base station?

[D]Jamming concerns are nothing new, and they’re not unique

to security systems. Any device that’s built to receive a

wireless signal at a specific frequency can be overwhelmed by

a stronger signal coming in on the same frequency. For

comparison, let’s say you wanted to “jam” a conversation

between two people—all you’d need to do is yell in the

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listener’s ear.

[E] Security devices are required to list the frequencies

they broadcast on—that means that a potential thief can find

what they need to know with minimal Googling. They will, however,

need so know what system they’re looking for. If you have a

sign in your yard declaring what setup you use, that’d point

them in the right direction, though at that point, we’re talking

about a highly targeted, semi-sophisticated attack, and not the

sort forced-entry attack that makes up the majority of

burglaries. It’s easier to find and acquire jamming equipment

for some frequencies than it is for others.

[F] Wireless security providers will often take steps to

help combat the threat of jamming attacks. SimpliSafe, winner

of our Editor’s Choice distinction, utilizes a special system

that’s capable of separating incidental RF interference from

targeted jamming attacks. When the system thinks it’s being

jammed, it’ll notify you via push alert(推送警报).From there,

it’s up to you to sound the alarm manually.

[G] SimpliSafe was singled out in one recent article on

jamming, complete with a video showing the entire system being

effectively bypassed with handheld jamming equipment. After

taking appropriate measures to contain the RF interference to

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our test lab, we tested the attack out for ourselves, and were

able to verify that it’s possible with the right equipment.

However, we also verified that SimpliSafe’s anti-jamming

system works. It caught us in the act, sent an alert to my

smartphone, and also listed our RF interference on the system’s event log. The team behind the article and video in question

make no mention of the system, or whether or not in detected

them.

[H]We like the unique nature of that software. It means that

a thief likely wouldn’t be able to Google how the system works,

then figure out a way around it. Even if they could, SimpliSafe

claims that its system is always evolving, and that it varies

slightly from system to system, which means there wouldn’t be

a universal magic formula for cracking it. Other systems also

seem confident on the subject of jamming. The team at Frontpoint

addresses the issue in a blog on its site, citing their own jam

protection software and claiming that there aren’t any

documented cases of successful jam attack since the company

began offering wireless security sensors in the 1980s.

[I] Jamming attacks are absolutely possible. As said before,

with the right equipment and the right know-how, it’s possible

to jam any wireless transmission. But how probable is it that

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someone will successfully jam their way into your home and steal

your stuff?

[J] Let’s imagine that you live in a small home with a

wireless security setup that offers a functional anti-jamming

system. First, a thief is going to need to target your home,

specifically. Then, he’s going to need to know the technical

details of your system and acquire the specific equipment

necessary for jamming your specific setup. Presumably, you keep

your doors locked at night and while you’re away. So the thief

will still need to break in. That means defeating the lock

somehow, or breaking a window. He’ll need to be jamming you

at this point, as a broken window or opened door would normally

release the alarm. So, too, would the motion detectors in your

home, so the thief will need to continue jamming once he’s

inside and searching for things to steal. However, he’ll need

to do so without tripping the anti-jamming system, the details

of which he almost certainly does now have access to.

[K]At the end of the day, these kinds of systems are

primarily designed to protect against the sort of opportunistic

smash-and-grab attack that makes up the majority of burglaries.

They’re also only a single layer in what should ideally be a

many-sided approach to securing your home, one that includes

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common sense things like sound locks and proper exterior

lighting at night. No system is impenetrable, and none can

promise to eliminate the worst case completely. Every one of

them has vulnerabilities that a knowledgeable thief could

theoretically exploit. A good system is one that keeps that

worst-case setting as improbable as possible while also

offering strong protection in the event of a less-extraordinary

attack.

36. It is possible for burglars to make jamming attacks with

the necessary equipment and skill.

37. Interfering with a wireless security system is similar

to interfering with a conversation.

38. A burglar has to continuously jam the wireless security

device to avoid triggering the alarm, both inside and outside

the house.

39. SimpliSafe provides devices that are able to

distinguish incidental radio interference from targeted

jamming attacks.

40. Only a very small proportion of burglaries are

committed by technical means.

41. It is difficult to crack SimpliSafe as its system keeps

changing.

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42. Wireless devices will transmit signals so as to

activate the alarm once something wrong is detected.

43. Different measures should be taken to protect one’s

home from burglary in addition to the wireless security system.

44. SimpliSafe’s device can send a warning to the house

owner’s cellphone.

45. Burglars can easily get a security device’s frequency

by Internet search.

36. [I]

37. [D]

38. [J]

39. [F]

40. [B]

41. [H]

42. [C]

43. [K]

44. [G]

45. [E]

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