2024年1月24日发(作者：)

选词填空（15选10）10题，总分值：20分

Directions： Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the

word bank. Each word can be used only once.

Somebody ought to defend the workaholic. These people are unjustly accused,

abused, and 1) teased – often termed sick or abnormal.

However, some social researchers 2) deduce from the resources of most

significant social achievements that workaholics are, in fact, the real achievers.

One-third of American business and 3) commerce is carried on the shoulders of

workaholics. There is a wide-spread feeling against excellence – even

an 4) admiration of commonness. It is as though we are against those who make

uncommon sacrifices because they 5) enjoy doing something.

Now, it is time for us to 6) revive the respect for excellence. We do not seem to

realize that very little excellence is 7) achieved by living a so-called well-balanced

life. Edison, Ford, Einstein, Freud and most 8) predecessors in various fields had

single-minded devotion to work whereby they sacrificed many things, including family

and friendship. Some people say that workaholics bear guilt by not being good

parents or spouses. But guilt can 9) exist in the balanced life also. Consider how

many normal people find, at middle-age, that they have never done anything well –

they are going to 10) regret for being less than what they could have become. Isn’t

that a pity, too?

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

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A. enjoy

B. react

C. administrate

D. teased

E. exist

F. commerce

G. revive

H. received

I. deduce

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•

•

•

•

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J. regret

K. financial

L. retailer

M. achieved

N. predecessors

O. admiration

参考答案：

1) teased 2) deduce 3) commerce 4) admiration 5) enjoy 6) revive 7) achieved 8) predecessors 9) exist 10) regret

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长篇阅读10题，总分值：40分

Directions： You are going to read a passage with 10 statements attached to it. Each

statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from

which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each

paragraph is marked with a letter.

The Rise of the Social Entrepreneur

A) UBS, a Swiss private bank with many of the world’s richest people among its

clients, is conducting an interesting experiment in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. It

has formed an alliance with Ashoka, a global organization that invests in leading

“social entrepreneurs” – people who use creative business practice with the potential

to solve a social problem. The alliance is offering a new prize for social

entrepreneurship, to bring together two groups of people who might never meet in

other cases. “As the biggest wealth manager in the region, we are at the crossroads

between capital and ideas – so why not bring the people with capital together with the

people who have ideas?”

B) The social entrepreneurs that are shortlisted (入围) must have been working

successfully with Ashoka for at least three years. Winning the prize is not really the

point. Simply being selected to be in the room with a bunch of wealthy people gives

the social entrepreneurs great trustworthiness with potential donors, and even

runners-up (第二名) have a good chance of coming away with a new financial

supporter or some other form of help. Héctor Castillo Berthier, who runs an

innovative project for troubled Mexican teenagers, came third in last year's Mexican

prize, but still got a crucial donation and free use of office space.

C) Ashoka is not alone in bringing social entrepreneurs together with the wealthy and

powerful. Social entrepreneurs now rub shoulders with the world's business and

political elite at the World Economic Forum in Davos. Ashoka was founded in 1980

by Bill Drayton, a former McKinsey consultant, who expects the rise of social

entrepreneurship to generate huge benefits. He says it is now helping to bring about

a productivity miracle in what he calls the “citizen half of the world” (education,

welfare and so on), a sector that for three centuries has lagged behind the “business

half of the world”. The emergence of more social entrepreneurs, and their improved

access to growth capital as they get better connected to philanthropists (慈善家), is

creating enormous productivity opportunities for the citizen sector.

D) The citizen sector is mainly made up of government plus the non-profit sector.

Both government and non-profits have traditionally been run inefficiently. The

productivity miracle is due both to a shift from government provision to more efficient

private provision and by an increase in the efficiency of the non-profit sector.

E) However, the improvement the efficiency may still have some way to go. In 2004,

Bill Bradley, a former presidential candidate, and two consultants claimed that, in

America alone, there was a “$100 billion opportunity” for the non-profit sector to

improve its efficiency through better management. But is social entrepreneurship the

best way to achieve that? There is no easy answer, because nobody is sure what

exactly the term means. In a book on the rise of social entrepreneurship, David

Bornstein notes that most discussion of social entrepreneurship tends to revolve

around “how business and management skills can be applied to achieve social ends”.

He himself sees social entrepreneurs as “transformative forces: people with new

ideas to address major problems who are persistent in the pursuit of their visions”.

F) Mr. Schramm of the Kauffman Foundation, which promotes a better understanding

of entrepreneurship, says that being an entrepreneur means being a risk-taker, but a

high risk of failure may be the last thing that many non-profits need. Mr. Omidyar, a

philanthropist and the founder of eBay, is uncomfortable with the label either, which

he feels implies a disapproval of profits that he does not share. But his fellow

philanthropist from eBay, Mr. Skoll, thinks social entrepreneurship has something

going for it. The mission of his foundation is “to advance systemic change to benefit

communities around the world by investing in, connecting and celebrating social

entrepreneurs”.

G) Among other things, Mr. Skoll has endowed the Skoll Centre for Social

Entrepreneurship at Oxford University's Saïd Business School. This is part of a

growing trend for academic institutions, including nowadays most business schools.

Harvard Business School started teaching a course on social enterprise 12 years

ago. Mr. Schramm worries that some of these courses are more likely to turn

students against capitalism. But Mr. Whitehead, a former Goldman Sachs boss, sees

it as part of a trend among the elite in many countries who want to make not just

money but “a difference”.

H) Certainly the number of business-school graduates going into the non-profit sector

has increased. That appeals to the new philanthropists, who want to see people like

themselves in charge of the non-profit organizations they support. But these new

professionals may achieve as much by using the latest management techniques to

improve the performance of existing non-profit organizations than by creating new

ones through social entrepreneurship.

I) Mr. Collins, the management master, says getting the right people is arguably even

more important in the non-profit world than it is in business, because it is often harder

for non-profits to get rid of employees once they are “on the bus”. Business leaders

can fire people more easily and can spend money on buying talent. But some social

entrepreneurs have found their own ways of securing top talent. Wendy Kopp, who in

1989 founded Teach for America – a non-profit organization – made it clear from the

start that only the best would do. By last year, over 97,000 people had applied to

work for her organization, but only 14,000 had been accepted. Ms Kopp's ability to

pick and choose boosted her credibility with her philanthropic supporters and

enabled her to raise more money.

J) Many non-profit organizations have been cautious of working with big donors

because their money can come with too many strings attached. And that is starting to

change. Barbara Stocking, the boss of Oxfam, a global charity, says they now want

to raise more money from the sort of wealthy philanthropists it has not targeted in the

past – if only because in Britain there haven't been many of them. “I'm not sure we

have been asking for enough money,” she says.

K) But the main problem for many non-profit organizations is how to get bigger. “One

of the problems is that well-run non-profits don't necessarily grow,” says Nigel Morris,

the co-founder of a credit-card company. True, growth isn't everything. Indeed, Mr.

Collins worries that non-profits will put scale before genuine effectiveness: “One of

the markers of mediocre (平庸的) companies is that they become obsessed with

scale and growth,” he says. But donors need to decide if they simply want to buy

services from a non-profit, or whether they want to invest in helping the organization

grow. If growth is important to them, they need to become a lot less critical about

expenses.

L) There is no merger-and-acquisition (并购) market in the non-profit world. And for

all sorts of reasons, there are far too many non-profits. Philanthropists could help by

encouraging consolidation (整合), says John Studzinski, co-head of HSBC's

investment bank and an active philanthropist. “In homelessness work, I'm a great

advocate of consolidation. There are about 40 homelessness projects in London;

only eight are any good,” he says.

M) There is also a role to be played by philanthropists in encouraging non-profits to

develop other sources of finance, to reduce their dependence on the goodwill of

donors. Providing fee-generating services is one strategy. Doing work for the

government is another. Many non-profits have long generated revenues in this way.

11)

Many non-profit organizations are now faced with the difficulty in promoting their

growth and scale. K

12)

The growing number of social entrepreneurs and better chances to get growth capital

will help improve the productivity of the citizen sector. C

13)

Business schools are now attaching increasing importance to the courses on social

entrepreneurship. G

14)

The number of non-profit organizations is larger than necessary due to various

reasons. L

15)

Philanthropists can encourage non-profit organizations to be more financially

independent of sponsors with two strategies. M

16)

In an experiment by an alliance for social entrepreneurship, potential sponsors are

likely to trust social entrepreneur seven if they have not won any prize. B

17)

It is difficult to determine whether social entrepreneurship is the most effective means

to improve the efficiency of non-profit sector. E

18)

Non-profit organizations are not so flexible in hiring or firing their employees

compared with those for-profit organizations. I

19)

Due to the restrictions combined with the funding, many non-profit organizations are

careful when they cooperate with wealthy sponsors. J

20)

New philanthropists are attracted by the rising number of graduates with business

degrees entering the non-profit sector. H

参考答案：

11) K 12) C 13) G 14) L 15) M 16) B 17) E 18) I 19) J

20) H

∧ 收起解析

阅读理解10题，总分值：40分

Directions： Read the following passages carefully. Each passage is followed by some

questions or unfinished sentences. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C,

and D. Choose the best answer to each question.

Something big is happening to the human race – something that could be called the

Great Transformation.

Take the energy for example. Some people worry about what will happen when the

deposits of petroleum are gone, but researchers are already finding all kinds of new

ways to obtain energy. Someday, solar power collected by satellites circling the earth

or nuclear power manufactured by mankind may give us all the energy we need for

an expanding civilization. Space exploration promises to open up many new

territories for human settlement, as well as leading to the harvest of mineral

resources like the asteroids (小行星).

Scientific research continues to open up previously undreamed-of possibilities.

Seventy years ago, few people could even imagine things like computers or lasers.

Today, a host of newly emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence and

genetic engineering are opening up all kinds of new paths for technologists.

Like it or not, our advancing technology has made us masters of the earth. We not

only dominate all the other animals, but we are reshaping the world's plant life and

even its soil and rocks, its waters and surrounding air. Mountains are being dug up to

provide minerals and stone for buildings. The very ground under our feet is washing

away as we chop down the forests, plow up the fields, and excavate (挖掘)

foundations for our buildings.

Human junk is cluttering (拥塞) up not only the land but even the bottom of the sea.

And so many chemicals are being released into the air by human activities that

scientists worry that the entire globe may warm, causing the polar icecaps to melt

and ocean waters to flood vast areas of the land.

No one knows what the Great Transformation means or where it will ultimately lead.

But this mysterious Transformation is the biggest story of all time. It is the story of the

human race itself.

21)

By “the Great Transformation”, the author means ______________.

A. all the changes happened to human lifeB. recent changes due to advancing

technologyC. discoveries in new sources of energyD. the damage that man has

done to nature so far

22)

What energy source is mentioned as a way to provide our energy needs in the

future?

A. Nuclear power found in new territories in space.B. Harvest of electricity from

space exploration.C. Mineral resources collected from the asteroids.D. Solar

power obtained with satellites.

23)

According to the scientists, what directly leads to flooding in vast areas of the land?

A. Human junk piled up at the bottom of the sea.B. Mountains that are dug up for

stone and minerals.C. The melting polar icecaps caused by global warming.D. The

plowing of fields and earth-digging for buildings.

24)

What tone does the author convey when he describes the impacts of advancing

technology?

A. Ironic.B. Enthusiastic.C. Cautious.D. Indifferent.

25)

Which of the followings can best summarize the article?

A. The development in science and technology makes humans powerful enough to

achieve anything possible.B. The Great Transformation changes human life

remarkably, yet it is hard to tell whether the changes are positive.C. Advanced

technology guarantees that human beings are living in a world better than before.D. Changes brought about by human efforts will surely destroy the mountains and

sea, and cause disaster to the earth.

参考答案：

21) B 22) D 23) C 24) A 25) B

∧ 收起解析

What is the use of a plan?

The concept that a plan itself means very little isn’t a new idea. Who would think that

spending a year doing a business plan is a good thing, or that formal business plans

spell success?

Business plans are sometimes overdone and misused, but the planning process is

critical. About 60 years ago, Dwight D. Eisenhower said, “The plan is useless; it’s the

planning that’s important.” That’s still true today. In fact, all business plans are wrong.

They’re the work of humans guessing the future, dealing with uncertainty and making

assumptions. Still, the planning process is absolutely essential. A startup

entrepreneur’s planning process should start with a plan and continue with a plan vs.

reality review, progress tracking and course correction.

Planning is about controlling your destiny: Establish your business goals and outline

the steps needed to achieve them – don’t just react to events. While your plan will be

wrong, of course, how would you track what is going wrong without it? You can’t have

a route without a starting point and a destination, but even the most well-planned

route may require some detours (绕道).

For the best results, planning should be concrete and specific. For each step in your

plan, create dates, deadlines and clearly assigned responsibilities. You can’t track

your progress and steer your company efficiently with vague generalities (概述). In

real-world planning, form follows function. When new businesses seek investors they

usually need formal plans. Investors who say they don't need formal plans still need

to see your strategy, focus, priorities, commitments, dates and deadlines. The

content has to be there, regardless of the format. Although you may not need a

formal plan, all businesses need to go through the planning process. There will

always be examples of businesses with great plans that fail and businesses with no

plans that succeed, but I feel it’s very dangerous to tell startup entrepreneurs they

don’t need a plan. The truth of the matter is that most of us need more planning, not

more rationalizations for not doing it.

26)

What does the quotation from Dwight D. Eisenhower imply?

A. We don’t really need a plan when we do things.B. The process of making a plan

is significant.C. A plan is more crucial than how it has been made.D. Planning

makes no sense if it does not arrive at a plan.

27)

Why does the author say that “all business plans are wrong”?

A. Because plans are always overdone and misused.B. Because formal business

plans may not spell success.C. Because plans guessing the future is of no real use.D. Because plans deal with uncertainty and make assumptions.

28)

What’s the most important function of a plan?

A. It helps with progress tracking and correction.B. It attracts investors for new

businesses.C. It consists of important rules for business.D. It helps businesses not

to make mistakes.

29)

What elements should be included in a plan?

A. Generalities of the business process.B. Business goals and outlined steps.C. A plan vs. reality review.D. Strategy and reaction to events.

30)

What can we infer from the passage?

A. All plans are wrong, so no specific plan is necessary for a project.B. Planning

should be as detailed as possible with the most well-planned route.C. Awareness of

strategy, focus, and commitments is critical to any project.D. Whether you are able

to draw up a formal plan or not controls your destiny.

参考答案：

26) B 27) D 28) A 29) B 30) C

∧ 收起解析