2024年4月28日发(作者:)
专题02 动词的时态、语态、情态动词、虚拟语气
一、2022年高考真题
1. (2022年全国甲卷语法填空)In the last five years. Cao ___67___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,
and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.
67.
【答案】
has walked
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:在过去的五年中,曹操穿越了六大洲的
34
个国家,
2016
年,他到达了乞力
马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据时间状语
in the last five years
可知,此处应用现在完成时,主语
Cao
为第三人称单数,助动词用
has
。故填
has walked
。
68.
【答案】
highest
【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的
34
个国家,
2016
年,他到达了乞
力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前
Africa’s
可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉,
应用形容词最高级。故填
highest
。
2. (2022年全国甲卷短文改错) He showed me how his medical instruments was used. However, after I went to
high school, somehow I become distant from him. I was unwilling talk with him and often disobeyed his rule of not
stay out with my friends too late.
【详解】
2.
【答案】
was→were
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:他向我展示他的医疗器械是如何使用的。主语
instruments
为复数形式,全
文为一般过去时,
be
动词用复数形式
were
。故将
was
改为
were
。
4.
【答案】
become→became
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:然而,在我上了高中之后,不知怎么的,我开始疏远他。全文用一般过去
时,动词
become
应改为过去式
became
。故将
become
改为
became
。
5.
【答案】
talk
前面加
to
【解析】考查短语。句意:我不愿意和他交谈,经常违反他让我不要在外面待到很晚的规定。
be willing to do
意思为:愿意做,为固定短语。故在
talk
前面加
to
。
6.
【答案】
stay→staying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意同上。
of
为介词,后面的动词
stay
用动名词形式
staying
作宾语。故将
stay
改为
staying
。
3. (2022年全国乙卷语法填空)...The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society 63 (address)
the opening ceremony. " It can help to build a community with a 66 (share)future for mankind," he said.
63.
addressed
【解析】考查时态。句意:中国文化促进会会长在开幕式上致辞。陈述过去事情,用一般
过去时。故填
addressed
。
66. shared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这有助于构建人类命运共同体。此处为非谓语动词做定语来修
饰名词
future
。非谓语动词
share
和名词
future
之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词作定语。故填
shared
。
4. (2022年全国乙卷短文改错) ...A doctor tells me people who lives the longest are dancers Just
see how cars have been taken over our cities. And there were traffic jams, too. ...
2.
【答案】
lives → live
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:医生告诉我,寿命最长的人是舞蹈家和骑自行车的人。
people
是集合名词,
谓语动词用复数。故将
lives
改为
live
。
7.
【答案】去掉
have
后的
been
【解析】考查语态。句意:看看汽车是如何占领我们的城市的。主语
cars
与动词
take over
之间是主谓关系,
应用主动语态。故去掉
have
后的
been
。
9.
【答案】
were → are
【解析】考查时态。句意:还有交通堵塞。根据上下文时态可知,本句应用一般现在时。故将
were
改为
are
。
4. (2022年全国高考新高考I卷语法填空) The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that
__58___ (be)previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one
authority ___59___ (increase)effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP ___60___ (design)to reflect
the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity (
完整性
) of natural ecosystems, preserving
biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, ___61___ leaving behind precious natural assets(
资产
)for
future generations”.
58.【答案】were
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。设空处在
that
引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语,先行词为
a significant number
of areas
,先行词在从句中作主语,根据
“previously (
之前地
)”
可知从句讲的是过去未受保护,所以要用一般
过去时,根据主谓一致,从句主语复数,从句谓语复数形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到大量
以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不一致
性。故填
were
。
59.【答案】to increase
【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处在句中已经有一个谓语动词
“will extend”
,剩下的这个
“increase”
作非谓语,
由句意可知,
increase
在此处表示目的,应用动词的不定式的形式。本句句意:该计划将把保护范围扩大到
大量以前未受保护的地区,将许多现有的大熊猫保护区纳入一个管理机构,以提高效率,减少管理上的不
一致性。故填
to increase
。
60.【答案】is designed
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。设空处在句中作谓语,和句子的主语
The GPNP
之间为被动关系;叙述
客观事实,应用一般现在时。故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态,主语单数,谓语单数形式。本句句意:
GPNP
旨在体现
“
保护自然生态系统的真实性和完整性,维护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留
下宝贵的自然资产
”
的指导原则。故填
is designed
。
61.【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。设空处无提示词,且前后为并列关系,应用
and
,连接三个指导原
则
“, ,preserving ..., and leaving ...”
。本句句意。大熊猫保护区
(GPNP)
旨在体现
“
保护自然生态系统
的真实性和完整性,保护生物多样性,保护生态缓冲区,为子孙后代留下宝贵的自然资产
”
的指导原则。故
填
and
。
5. (2022
年全国高考新高考
II
卷语法填空
)
Henry ___42___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.
He quickly ___43___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
42.
【答案】
was fixing
【解析】考查动词。句意:听到尖叫声时,亨利正在修车。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写谓语动词。根
据空后的
when he heard the screams
,可知,设空处的动作是正在发生的,同时该句描述的是过去的事实。
故使用过去进行时。
fix
为动词,意为
“
修理
”
,其过去进行时为
was fixing
。故填
was fixing
。
43.
【答案】
threw
【解析】考查过去式。句意:他迅速把工具扔到一边,伸出胳膊跑了起来。根据句子结构,设空处与空后
throw
为动词,的
and started
构成并且结构。故应该使用一般过去时。意为
“
扔
”
,过去时为
threw
。故填
threw
。
二、2022届模拟题
1.
(
2022·
河南新乡
·
二模语法填空)
Humans are explorers since the dawn of civilization. We ____34____
(attract) over the horizon to find food or more space, or just to see what beyond those trees or mountains or oceans.
34
.【答案】
have been attracted
【解析】考查动词语态。句意:我们被地平线所吸引,去寻找食物或更大的空间,或者只是去看看那些树、
山或海洋之外的东西。根据前句
since the dawn of civilization
可知,该段主要讲述自从人类文明以来,人类
就渴望探索太空,所以用现在完成时;同时,句子主语
we
和所填词
attract
之间是被动的关系。故填
have been
attracted
。
2.
(
2022·
山东
·
模拟预测语法填空)
The taoray taoray Spring Summer 2020 ___2___ (show) for the first time on
the world stage of New York Fashion Week ___3___ tradition met modernity.
....
The taoray taoray collection ____10____(be) a reflection on how the designers are preserving culture to
remind people of the beauty of tradition in daily life!
【答案】
2
.
was shown 3
.
where 10
.
is
【解析】
2
.考查动词语态。句意:
taoray taoray 2020
春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装
周世界舞台。根据本句中的
Spring Summer 2020
可知,此处应用一般过去时,因为
The taoray taoray Spring
Summer 2020
与
show
之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态,故填
was shown
。
3
.考查定语从句。句意:
taoray taoray 2020
春夏季时装展首次登上传统与现代相结合的纽约时装周世界舞
台。设空处引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词
world stage
,并在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词
where
引导,故填
where
。
10
.考查主谓一致。句意:
taoray taoray
系列是设计师如何保存文化,提醒人们在日常生活中的传统之美的
反映!根据本句中的
are preserving
可知,设空处应用一般现在时,因为句子的主语是
collection
,故填
is
。
I finally stepped out of the trees, the view was breathtaking. An eagle flew over the
(
2022·
广东梅州
·
一模)
snow-capped mountains, which ____3____ (reflect) in the still lake below.
【答案】
3
.
were reflected
3
.考查时态和语态。句意:一只鹰飞过白雪皑皑的群山,群山倒映在下面平静的湖面上。谓语动词
reflect
和主语之间是被动关系,根据前文
flew
可知,此处描述过去发生的动作,故用一般过去时的被动语态,非
限制性定语从句引导词
which
替代先行词
mountains
作主语,为复数,主谓一致,故填
were reflected
。
4.
(
2022·
四川成都
·
三模语法填空)
In 2017, Hassan met a Hangzhou native, whom he ____5____ (marry) two
years later.
...
“The science of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a history of thousands of years, ____8____ (be)
complex and attractive.
【答案】
5
.
married 8
.
is
【解析】
5
.考查动词时态。句意:
2017
年,他遇到了一个杭州本地人,两年后,他与她结婚了。此处
whom
引导定语从句,此处为谓语动词,时间状语为
in 2017
,为过去的时间,应用一般过去时,且
“
娶某人
”
表达
为
marry sb
,故填
married
。
8
.考查主谓一致。句意:拥有着几千年历史的传统中医学是复杂并且吸引人。此处主语为
the science
,为
不可数名词,且此处陈述事实,应用一般现在时,故填
is
。
5. 61 percent of the population of this city ___13___(be) from ethnic minority groups.
(
2022·
湖南
·
二模语法填空)
Pu'er also boasts original ecological culture and aboriginal and mysterious, unsophisticated and fantastic
national ___16___(custom); the Wooden Drum Festival of the Wa nationality, the Gourd Festival of the Lahu
nationality, the Torch Festival of the Yi nationality, the Water-Sprinkling Festival of the Dai nationality and
___17___ traditional ethnic festivals which ___18___(inherit) for more than one thousand years will invite you to
linger with their unique charm.
【答案】
13
.
is 16
.
customs 17
.
other 18
.
have been inherited
13
.
61 percent
考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个城市
61%
的人口是少数民族。本句在陈述事实,为一般现在时。
of the population
为主语,表示整体,为单数概念,
be
动词为
is
。
故填
is
。
16
.考查名词复数。句意:普洱还拥有原始的生态文化和原始神秘、古朴奇异的民族风情;佤族木鼓节、
拉祜族葫芦节、彝族火把节、傣族泼水节等传承了一千多年的民族传统节日,将以其独特的魅力邀您流连
忘返。空处填名词作宾语,前无不定冠词修饰和限定,用复数
customs
,作宾语。故填
customs
。
17
.考查形容词。根据句意,表示
“
其它的
”
,用
other
。故填
other
。
18
.考查时态语态。根据
“for more than one thousand years”
可知,本句为现在完成时,主语
festivals
与谓语
inherit
为被动关系,所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态。
故填
have been inherited
。
6.
(
2022·
广东梅州
·
二模语法填空)
Under such influence, young people gradually ____29____ (shift) their
attention from pop culture imported from Japan, Korea and the West and started to develop interest _____30_____
traditional Chinese art and literature, practicing Chinese calligraphy and musical instrument, such as Guzheng.
29
.考查时态。句意:在这种影响下,年轻人逐渐将注意力从日本、韩国和西方的流行文化转移,开始对
中国传统艺术和文学产生兴趣,练习中国书法和古筝等乐器。
and
前后时态一致,由
started
可知,空格处的
句子是一般过去时,空格处用过去式
shifted
。故填
shifted
。
30
.
develop interest in
是固定短语,考查介词和固定短语。意为
“
产生对
……
的兴趣
”
,因此空格处是介词
in
,
故填
in
。
7.___39___example, food loss and waste mostly occurs in harvesting and storage
(
2022·
甘肃兰州
·
一模语法填空)
in Africa and South Asia. Up to 30 percent of food loss was found during farmers’ storage in some areas in Africa,
and 21 percent of food in the United States____40____(waste) during daily consumption, Wu told Economic Daily.
39
.考查介词。句意:比如说,在非洲和亚洲南部,食物耗损和废弃主要发生在丰收和储存阶段。此处意
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