2024年4月11日发(作者:)
落堕市安心阳光实验学校专题十 介词和介词短语
◆介词和介词短语的考查要点
介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词
类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,
如at,in,for等;合成介词,如within,inside,onto,throughout等;短
语介词,如according to,out of,because of,by means of,in spite of,
instead of等;双重介词,如from behind/above/under,until after等;
分词介词,如considering,including,judging (from/by) 等。
1.介词搭配
(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的
情况。
①rob sth./clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词
与of 连用)
②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词
与with连用)
③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a
coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of,from,into连用)
④介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’s+部位,可换用)
strike him on the head(表示“击;拍;碰;摸”意义的动词与on连用)
catch him by the arm(表示“抓;拉;拿;扯”意义的动词与by连用)
hit the boy in the face(表示“肚;胸;眼;脸”等人体前部的器官名词与
in连用)
⑤prevent(stop,keep) doing sth.(表示“阻止,禁止”意义的动词
与from连用)
⑥persuade(advise,warn) doing sth.(表示“说服;建议;警告”意
义的动词与into连用)
⑦buy(leave,get,win,gain,lose) sb.(表示“得失”意义的动词
与for连用)
⑧tell(show,teach,sing,write,read) sb.(表示“告知”意义的
动词与to连用)
⑨give(allow,promise,pass,hand) sb.(表示“授予”意义的动词
与to连用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy .,tell .,give .双宾结构。
⑩say to sb.(suggest,explain,apologize,murmur,whisper等与“对象”
连用必须用to)不可说suggest .。
(2)同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。
reply to the letter回信,sing(dance) to the music和……唱(跳),amount
to 达到,加起来有……,devote to把……贡献给,drink to为……干杯,object
to反对,look forward to 渴望,come to苏醒,belong to属于,search for
搜……,ask for请求,for用作,leave for前往,for误以为,
call for要求,wait for等待,care for喜欢,
make up for弥补损失,turn to求助/救于,help oneself to随意,agree to
同意,把……比作,send for派人去请/拿……,sail for驶向,
起航,set out for动身去,go in for爱好……
(3)常见“形容词+介词”搭配。
worthy of值得的,glad about sb.为某人某事高兴,far from离……
远,grateful to sth.为某事感激某人,free from没有……/免除……,
proud of/take pride in自豪,satisfied with/by满意,sure of/about确
信,fond of喜欢,fit for适合,busy with sth./in doing sth.忙着干某事,
full of充满,ready for准备,similar to相似,wrong with不对;有毛病……
(4)“名词+介词”习惯搭配和意义区分。
the absence of water缺水
the hope of success成功的希望
have a chance of/for entering college上大学的机会
take pride in them为他们感到骄傲
the key to the question问题的答案
a medicine for cough
治咳嗽的药
the ticket for tomorrow明天的票
in Beijing他去了北京
his absence
from Beijing他不在北京
the way
to study学习方法
of studying maths学习数学的方法
题组训练1
用适当的介词填空
1.Our opinions on language learning differ greatly from each other’s
in that respect.
2.Our teacher often asks us to retell stories in our own words.
3.I’ve promised to keep it secret,so I can’t really tell you anything
beyond what you know already.
4.With time passing by,they have grown into big boys and big girls.
5.What was the cause of the fire?
2.核心介词用法归纳与辨析
(1)表示时间的介词in的用法如下。
表示在某一较长时间内,如世纪、年、季、月、周等,一般用介词in,如:in
the 1990s,in the year,in January,in (the) winter/summer/fall/spring,
in the first week of May。
还可以用时段名词组成固定短语或词组。如:in a while,in no time,in the
daytime,in a short while,in time,in the morning(afternoon,evening)。
注意:①at night/at noon,in the day(在白天),in the night(在夜间)。
②in five days(weeks,months,years)中in意思是“在……以后”。
(2)在具体的某一天或某天上午、晚上、前夕,常用on。
on Sunday(s),on Tuesday morning
on Christmas Day(但at Christmas),on Christmas Eve,on Children’s Day
on March 8,on the morning(afternoon,evening)of Oct.1
early on the morning of Oct.1(区别:in the late/early morning of Oct.1)
on a rainy night,on warm winter days
(3)表示某一时刻或某一点时间用at,如小时、分钟等。
at breakfast(supper,lunch),at six
at noon(sunrise,sunset,midday,night,midnight,dawn)
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