2024年3月31日发(作者：)

(完整word版)中国文化翻译练习

中国文化翻译练习

Translate the following passage into English.

中国文化是世界上最古老、最复杂的文化之一，其所覆盖的地理疆域占据了东亚的大片土地，在这里村镇

之间、城市之间、省区之间的风俗传统都各不相同。中国文化的重要组成成分包括文学、音乐、视觉艺术、武

术、烹调等等。

Chinese culture is one of the world's oldest and most complex. The area in which the culture is

dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying

greatly between towns， cities and provinces。 Important components of Chinese culture include

literature, music, visual arts, martial arts, cuisine, etc.

如今中国已确认的民族有五十六个。不过，从人数上看,汉族占据着主体地位。自古以来,许多族裔都被同化

进了邻近的族群，或者消失的无影无踪。同时,汉族内部的许多族群还保留着其独特的语言和地域文化传统。“中

华民族”这个名称被用来统称整体中国民众。这个群体中传统身份的认定在很大程度上体现了家族之间的差别。

Today there are 56 distinct recognized ethnic groups in China。 In terms of numbers however, the

pre—eminent ethnic group is the Han Chinese。 Throughout history， many groups have been

assimilated into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared without a trace. At the same time， many

within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions。 The term

Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general。 Much of

the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name。

从三皇五帝以来,中国总是处在某种王朝的统治之下。不同历史时期对各种社会角色有着不同的称谓。从概

念上将，每个王朝或封建时期都很类似：在社会等级中，政府官员、军事将领高高在上，其他民众则处在中国

法律的常规治理之下。从周朝(公元前1046–256）后期开始，传统的中国社会被组成等级体系，分成社会经济

(完整word版)中国文化翻译练习

阶层，即四大行业.

Since the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors period， some form of Chinese monarch has been

the main ruler above all。 Different periods of history have different names for the various positions

within society. Conceptually each imperial or feudal period is similar， with the government and

military officials ranking high in the hierarchy, and the rest of the population under regular Chinese

law. From the late Zhou Dynasty （1046–256 BCE) onwards, traditional Chinese society was organized

into a hierarchic system of socio-economic classes known as the four occupations。

然而，这种体系却没有把所有社会群体都包含在内，而自从宋朝（公元960—1279年）中国文化商业化以

来，社会群体之间的界限变得模糊不清。中国古代教育也有着悠久的历史。从隋朝（公元581–618）以来，学

子们应试科举，这是政府录用举子进入朝廷成为士大夫的考试。

However, this system did not cover all social groups while the distinctions between all groups

became blurred ever since the commercialization of Chinese culture in the Song Dynasty (960–1279

CE). Ancient Chinese education also has a long history； ever since the Sui Dynasty （581–618 CE)

educated candidates prepared for the Imperial examinations which drafted exam graduates into

government as scholar—bureaucrats。

这造就了一种精英体制，虽然机会只留给那些能去参加科举的男子们。科举要求应试的举子们写文章，展

示他们对儒家经典的掌握程度。通过最高级别考试的举子将入仕为官，称为进士，这是深受尊敬的社会经济地

位。手工业通常由师傅教导。汉朝女历史学家班昭撰写了《女诫》一书，规定了女性必须遵守的四种美德。这

些训诫得到了朱熹、程颐等学者的拓展。社会上习俗和礼仪中还包括中国式婚姻和道教的房中术。

This led to the creation of a meritocracy， although success was available only to males who could

afford test preparation。 Imperial examinations required applicants to write essays and demonstrate

mastery of the Confucian classics. Those who passed the highest level of the exam became elite