高考英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)及解析

高考英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)及解析


2024年3月15日发(作者:)

高考英语语法填空真题汇编(含答案)及解析

一、高中英语语法填空

1.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

A few months ________(early), Stephanie Heller, had finished her workout in

the gym when she ________(notice)a woman in the parking lot struggling to bend

down. Ms. Heller offered to help her. The woman blamed old age for her

incapacity, ________(explain)that she was 70. But Ms. Heller was 71. "This woman

felt every bit her age." she recalled. "I don't let age stop me. I need a good mood,

really. I love singing and dancing with all the young friends I ________ (make)over

the years. I'm only as old as I feel."

Each of us has ________actual age, the number we celebrate on birthdays. But

some 50-, 60-and 70-year-olds look and feel ________(youth), while others do not.

Scientists measure these differences by looking at age-related things like skin

elasticity, blood pressure and so on, finding some ________(connect)among them.

People ________a healthy lifestyle and a fortunate genetic inheritance(继承)tend

________(score) "younger" on these assessments.

When scientists ask, "How old do you feel, most of the time?" the answer can

reflect the state of people's physical and mental health. The age given is a virtual

one, ________is called "subjective age".

【答案】 earlier;noticed;explaining;have made;an;youthful/young;

connection/connections;with;to score;which

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,有的人看起来比实际年龄小,是因为健康的生

活方式,好的遗传基因让人看起来更年轻,研究发现一个人的心态可以反应他的主观年

龄。

(1)考查形容词。根据后文的had finished过去完成时,可判断事情发生在过去之

前,a few months earlier“几个月之前”,可以和过去完成时连用,故填earlier。

(2)考查时态。根系句子可知此处是从句谓语动词,此处考查固定句型had

done…when(从句用一般过去时)刚做完某事突然就……,故填noticed。

(3)考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知此处是非谓语动词作状语,逻辑主语the

woman和explain(解释)之间是主动关系,应用现在分词,故填explaining。

(4)考查时态。分析句子可知此处是定语从句谓语动词,根据下文的over the

years(在过去几年里)判断该句为现在完成时,主语为I,故填have made。

(5)考查冠词。age的 可数名词,此处是泛指,应用不定冠词,又actual是元音

音素开头,故填an。

(6)考查形容词。此处应填形容词作为feel的表语,youth的形容词是young和

youthful,故填young/youthful。

(7)考查名词。此处应填名词作为finding的宾语,connect的名词形式

connection为可数名词,some可以理解为“一些/某个”,故此处可以用名词单数形

式,也可用复数形式,故填connection/connections。

(8)考查介词。句意:拥有健康生活方式和好的遗传基因的人倾向于在这些评价中

获得高分。分析句子可知此处应填介词,再结合句意表示“有”的介词是with,故填

with。

(9)考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth固定短语,“倾向于做某事”,故填to

score。

(10)考查定语从句。分析句子可知,此处是非限定性定语从句的关系词,先行词

one在从句中充当主语,应用关系代词which引导,故填which。

【点评】本题考点涉及形容词,时态,非谓语动词,冠词,介词,名词,定语从句以

及多个知识点的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,进一步根

据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单词形式。

2.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since 1949 when the People's Republic of China ________(establish), and

especially since 1978, China's transformation from a traditional ________

(agriculture)society to a modern industrial society has been greatly accelarated

by a rapid industrial restructuring. China's industrial structure developed

according to the objective of industrialization, ________ aimed at the proportion(比

例)of agriculture declining ceaselessly, and the proportion of the industrial and

service sector increasing continually. ________(current), the industrial goods

produced in China all range from capital goods to consumption goods.

China's factory outputs extend from textiles (纺织业) to railway, planes and

computers. China is the largest producer of inexpensive cotton textiles in the

world and exports large ________(quantity) of textiles and clothes. Food processing

is very important, and much farm produce is exported. Other industrial products

________(include)television sets, bicycles, cars, trucks and washing machines are

expanding in the world.

China has become ________ industrialized country to some extent. The auto

and the housing industry, in the process of industrialization have developed by

leaps and bounds. The most important export products are machinery and

electric equipment,________ the most important import products are raw materials.

In recent years, China's industry________(compete) internationally, and as a result,

the ________(develop)of the country's industry is increasingly influenced by

international economic environments.

【答案】 was established;agricultural;which;Currently;quantities;

including;an;while/and;has competed has been competing;development

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,自1978年以来,中国从传统农业社会向现代

工业社会的转型,在产业结构调整的快速推进下,取得了长足的进步。中国在一定程度上

已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。

(1)考查时态语态。根据Since 1949可知应用一般过去时,且主语the People's

Republic of China与谓语动词establish构成被动语态,用一般过去时的被动语态,故

填was established。

(2)考查形容词。society为名词,需要形容词修饰,故填agricultural。

(3)考查定语从句。句意:中国的产业结构是按照工业化的目标发展的,其目标是

农业比重不断下降。本句为定语从句修饰先行词the objective of industrialization,且

先行词在从句中做主语,指物,故用关系代词which,填which 。

(4)考查副词。句意:目前,中国生产的工业产品从资本品到消费品应有尽有。修

饰整个句子应用副词,故填Currently。

(5)考查名词。large quantities of固定短语,“大量……”,故填quantities。

(6)考查非谓语动词。句意:包括电视机、自行车、汽车、卡车和洗衣机在内的其

他工业产品正在世界范围内扩张。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词,故include只

能做非谓语,表示“包括;包含”后跟包含的内容时需用现在分词,故填including。

(7)考查冠词。句意:中国在一定程度上已经成为一个发达的工业化国家。

country为可数名词,此处表泛指“一个国家”,且industrialized为元音音素开头的单

词,故应填an。

(8)考查连词。句意:最重要的出口产品是机电设备,而最重要的进口产品是原材

料。表示前后对比应用while;或表示承接关系用连词and。故填while或and。

(9)考查时态。根据上文In recent years可知本句为完成时态,表示过去发生的动

作持续了一段时间持续到现在,用现在完成时,主语为单数,故填has competed;或表

示过去发生的动作从过去一直持续到现在,不曾间断,用现在完成进行时,主语为单数,

故填has been competing。

(10)考查名词。根据上文定冠词the可知应填名词形式,故填development。

【点评】本题考点涉及时态语态,形容词,定语从句,副词,名词,非谓语动词,冠

词,连词等多个知识点的考查,是一篇政治经济类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础

上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确

的单词形式。

3.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since ________ first fully artificial plastic was invented in 1907, humans

________(find) innumerable uses for the material. It has found ________(it) way into

our tools, our clothes and even our bodies. In a new study in

________(environment) science and technology, researchers estimate the average

American eats more than 50,000 pieces of microplastic particles, ________(small)

than 5 millimeters in length every year and breathes in another 50,000. Although

the health ________(effect) of consuming these tiny bits of plastic are unclear,

researchers stress the real volume that people are ________(casual) swallowing is

alarming. The largest contributor came ________ drinking bottled water, in ________

the bottle itself added more than 32 times more plastic to a diet ________(compare)

with tap water, The Guardian reports.

【答案】 the;have found;its;environmental;smaller;effects;casually;

from;which;compared

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了人工塑料渗入到我们生活的方方面

面。在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中,研究人员估计,美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑

料微粒,这些微粒的长度小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。主要诱因是饮用瓶装

水。

(1)考查冠词。句意:自从1907年第一个完全人工塑料被发明以来。根据first可

知此处用冠词the。故填the。

(2)考查时态。句意:人类已经发现了这种材料的无数用途。since引导的时间从

句要用一般过去时,主句要用现在完成时。分析句子成分可知,主语是humans,故谓语

动词为have found。故填have found。

(3)考查代词。句意:它已经渗入我们的工具、我们的衣服甚至我们的身体。way

是名词,此处应该用形容词性物主代词修饰名词。故填its。

(4)考查形容词。句意:在环境科学与技术的一项新研究中。此处要用形容词修饰

名词science and technology(科学与技术)。故填environmental。

(5)考查形容词。句意:美国人平均每年吃掉5万多块塑料微粒,这些微粒的长度

小于5毫米,再吸入5万粒塑料微粒。根据than可知此处要用形容词比较级。故填

smaller。

(6)考查名词。句意:尽管食用这些小塑料碎片对健康的影响尚不清楚。根据the

health是主语的一部分,可知此处用名词作主语,且谓语动词是are,故用可数名词复

数,填effects。

(7)考查副词。句意:但研究人员强调,人们随意吞下的塑料碎片的实际数量令人

担忧。此处要用副词修饰动词swallowing 。故填casually。

(8)考查介词。句意:最大促成物来自饮用瓶装水。come from,固定短语,“来

自”。故填from。

(9)考查定语从句。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍

多。分析句子成分可知,先行词为drinking bottled water,指物,且作in的宾语,故

此处填which。故填which。

(10)考查非谓语动词。句意:瓶装水在日常饮食中添加的塑料量是自来水的32倍

多。分析句子可知,the bottle itself与compare在逻辑上是被动关系。故填

compared。

【点评】本题考点涉及冠词,时态,代词,形容词,名词,介词,副词,定语从句以

及非谓语动词的等多个知识点的考查,是一篇环保类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基

础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正

确的单词形式。

4.阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

When it comes to climate change, language does count. In March, the

Guardian changed________(it) wording – using "global heating" instead of "global

warming" , after scientists found that Earth's temperature is set ________(rise) from

between 2.5C and 4.5C. And on May 1, the UK parliament declared a "climate

emergency", ________(become)the first parliament to do so.

If with "global warming", we're still inside our comfort zone of handling the

situation, entering the state of "global heating" is like heading to a point ________

the delicate balance of nature is disturbed so much that there is no turning back.

Everything will be changing: Coral will die, polar bears will lose their habitats

completely, and extreme________ (weather) like droughts and heavy storms will

happen at a higher________ (frequent). There is no denying that we're entering a

climate emergency.

Decades ago when the science on the climate issue was first increasing, the

impacts could be seen as an issue for future generations," but now it's

________(definite) our issue, ________shift we all are living together.

However, getting these messages ________ is far from enough. It depends on

each to find a solution – if there are any solutions left to find. The UK's Labor

leader Jeremy urged that "we ________(take) rapid and dramatic action now".

Indeed, language matters. But action matters even more.

【答案】 its;to rise;becoming;where;weathers/weather;frequency;

definitely;the;through/across;(should)take

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,谈到气候变化,语言的确很重要。今年3月,

在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到4.5度之后,《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用

"全球变热"而不是"全球变暖"。

(1)考查代词。句意:今年3月,在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到4.5度

之后,《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用"全球变热"而不是"全球变暖"。文中表示"它的

措辞",所以填its。

(2)考查非谓语动词。句意:今年3月,在科学家发现地球温度将从2.5度上升到

4.5度之后,《卫报》改变了它的措辞——使用"全球变热"而不是"全球变暖"。set to do

固定短语,“开始做”,故填to rise。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:5月1日,英国议会宣布进入"气候紧急状态",成为

第一个这样做的议会。become的逻辑主语是the UK parliament,它们之间是主动关

系,用现在分词作状语,所以填becoming。

(4)考查定语从句。句意:如果在"全球变暖"的情况下,我们仍然在自己的舒适区

处理这种情况,进入"全球变热"的状态,就像走向一个点,大自然的微妙平衡被扰乱得如

此之多,没有回头路。 4 the delicate balance of nature is disturbed so much that

there is no turning back.是一个定语从句,先行词是a point,关系词在从句中作地点

状语,所以填关系副词where。

(5)考查名词。句意:珊瑚将会死亡,北极熊将完全失去它们的栖息地,干旱和暴

风雨等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。该空作句子主语用名词,单数或复数均可,所以

填weathers/weather。

(6)考查名词。句意:珊瑚将会死亡,北极熊将完全失去它们的栖息地,干旱和暴

风雨等极端天气将会以更高的频率发生。介词之后,用名词,所以填frequency。

(7)考查副词。句意:几十年前,当气候问题的科学研究刚刚起步时,其影响可能

会被视为未来几代人的问题,但现在这绝对是我们的问题,我们都生活在一起的转变。修

饰整个句子,用副词,所以填definitely。

(8)考查冠词。句意:几十年前,当气候问题的科学研究刚刚起步时,其影响可能

会被视为未来几代人的问题,但现在这绝对是我们的问题,我们都生活在一起的转变。特

指"这个转变",用定冠词,所以填the。

(9)考查介词。句意:然而,仅仅理解这些信息是远远不够的。get through

/across固定短语,“理解”,故填through/across。

(10)考查虚拟语气。that we 10 ( take) rapid and dramatic action now.是一

个宾语从句,urge之后的宾语从句,宾语从句中用should + 动词原形,should可以被

省略的虚拟语气,所以填(should)take。

【点评】本题考点涉及代词,非谓语动词,定语从句,名词,副词,冠词,介词以及

虚拟语气等多个知识点的考查,是一篇文化类阅读,要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上,

进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,并结合相关语法知识,进行分析推理,从而写出正确的单

词形式。

5.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The more advanced technology becomes, the more it seems to have control

over our lives. We shop, work, play, search for information and seek ________ (chat)

with each other online. Yet people are not arguing about this astonishing

condition. It ________ (believe) that people have readily embraced technology,

seeking only the benefits but ________ (ignore) its drawbacks.

It does not matter whether your home is in a ________ (noise) downtown or in

the remote countryside. If you have a screen ________ it can pick up a signal, your

mind is still in the same placeless place. This place is the zone ________ your mind

will go when you stare at a screen, and it feels like your mind stops thinking.

Recent developments in technology also led to a decline in normal social

behaviors. In past ages, you could walk around town for a whole day without

seeing all the people you know. Now, everyone you know is ________ arm's reach,

taking that certain psychological feeling out of seeing people. You can see them

every second of every day, and hear nearly every single thought of theirs just as

they hear ________ (you).

In ________ (conclude), modern technology can be a double-edged sword.

They do have their advantages, but they can change our lives ________ (complete).

【答案】 to chat;is believed;ignoring;noisy;and;where;within;

yours;conclusion;completely

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,论述了现代技术是一把双刃剑。它们确实有自

己的优势,但它们可以彻底改变我们的生活。

(1)考查非谓语动词。句意:我们在网上购物、工作、娱乐、搜索信息和聊天。语

seek to do sth.固定短语,“试图做,设法做某事”,故填to chat。

(2)考查时态语态。句意:人们相信,人们已经欣然接受了技术,只追求它 的 好

处而忽略了它的缺点。It is believed that…固定句式,“人们相信……”,故填is

believed。

(3)考查非谓语动词。句意:人们相信,人们已经欣然接受了技术,只追求它 的

好处而忽略了它的缺点。本空与上文”seeking only the benefits“构成并列非谓语结

构,故填ignoring。

(4)考查形容词。句意:不管你的家是在闹市还是在偏远的农村。downtown为名

词需要形容词修饰,故填noisy。

(5)考查连词。句意:如果你有一个屏幕,它可以接收到一个信号,你的思想仍然

在同一个地方。结合上下文语境可知为承接关系,故填and。

(6)考查定语从句。句意:当你盯着屏幕的时候,你的大脑会进入这个区域,你会

觉得大脑停止思考了。本句为定语从句修饰先行词place,且先行词在从句中做地点状

语,故填where。

(7)考查介词。句意:现在,你认识的每个人都在你的触手可及的范围内,把那种


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