2024年3月8日发(作者：)

高考英语阅读专项练习题

语言知识运用（共25小题；每小题1分，满分25分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

A

Memory is an incredibly important part of our lives, allowing us to store

and retrieve information about the world around us. Unfortunately,

many of us experience memory difficulties in our daily lives. Luckily,

there are several techniques that can help improve memory. Here are a

few:

- Use Mnemonic Devices: Mnemonic devices are memory tools that help

us remember certain pieces of information. For example, you might use

the acronym HOMES to remember the names of the Great Lakes (Huron,

Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). Another example is the phrase “My

very eager mother just served us nine pizzas” to remember the order of

the planets in our solar system (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,

Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto).

- Repetition: Repetition is the act of repeating a piece of information.

This technique is particularly useful for remembering short-term

information. If you need to remember a phone number or a name,

repeating it several times to yourself can help you commit it to memory.

- Visualization: Visualization is the process of creating mental images to

assist with memory. For example, if you need to remember a grocery list,

you might create mental images of the items on the list. You could

picture an apple in your mind, then a carton of eggs, then a loaf of bread,

and so on.

- Organization: Organizing information can also help improve memory.

This might mean grouping similar items together, as in creating

categories for different types of information. For example, if you are

trying to remember a list of vocabulary words, you might group them

together by similar meanings.

- Sleep: Getting enough sleep is important for memory consolidation, the

process of transferring short-term memories to long-term storage.

Without sufficient consolidation, memories may be lost over time.

- Exercise: Exercise has been shown to improve memory and cognitive

function. A study conducted by the University of British Columbia found

that regular aerobic exercise increases the size of the hippocampus, a

brain region associated with memory.

By using these techniques, you can improve your memory and ensure

that important information is not forgotten.

1. What is the main topic of the passage?

A. The importance of sleep

B. The benefits of exercise

C. Strategies to improve memory

D. The functions of the hippocampus

2. What are Mnemonic Devices?

A. Tools used to improve memory

B. Acronyms used to remember people's names

C. Devices used to measure memory retention

D. A type of visual aid

3. What is the purpose of repetition?

A. To improve cognitive function

B. To commit information to short-term memory

C. To create mental images

D. To group similar pieces of information together

4. Which of the following is an example of visualization?

A. Repetitively practicing a piece of information

B. Creating mental images to assist with memory

C. Grouping similar items together

D. Using acronyms to remember a list of items

5. How can organization help improve memory?

A. Grouping similar items together

B. Using acronyms to remember a list of items

C. Creating mental images to assist with memory

D. Repetitively practicing a piece of information

答案及解析：

1、答案：C，解析：本文主要介绍了几种提高记忆力的技巧，所以选C。

2、答案：A，解析：文章第一段提到了Mnemonic Devices，其作用是帮助记忆某些信息，所以Mnemonic Devices是提高记忆力的工具。故选A。

答案：B

3、B,解析：Mnemonic Devices和Visualization各在前两段都有明确提及，C、D去除。Exercise和Sleep在文中的作用都与记忆力的强化相关，而重复的作用是用来巩固短期内需要记住的信息的，所以选B。

4、答案：B,解析：文章第三点提到Visualization，说的是通过构建个人体验和感受的方式来辅助记忆，这里选项B与其相符合。故选B。

5、答案：A，解析：文章第四点提到Organization，组织整理信息可以帮助提高记忆力。如果根据前面几句话的联系，我们应该能推测出它的作用是对信息根据一些有链接的特点进行分类整理更容易记忆，这与选项A相符，故选A。

B

When it comes to losing weight, there are countless options available,

from fad diets to intense workout plans. However, instead of focusing on

quick fixes, it's important to develop healthy habits that you can

maintain in the long term.

One of the most effective ways to lose weight is to incorporate exercise

into your daily routine. This doesn't mean you have to spend hours at

the gym each day. Simply finding ways to move more throughout the day

can make a big difference. Try taking the stairs instead of the elevator,

going for a walk during your lunch break, or doing a quick 10-minute

workout video in the morning.

Diet is also incredibly important when it comes to weight loss.

Eliminating processed foods and focusing on whole, nutrient-dense

foods like vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help you

feel full and satisfied while also supporting weight loss. Additionally, be

mindful of your portion sizes and try to eat slowly and mindfully,

savoring each bite of your food.

Another key aspect of losing weight is getting enough sleep. When

you're sleep-deprived, your body produces more of the hormone ghrelin,

which stimulates appetite, and less of the hormone leptin, which signals

fullness. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night to support your weight

loss goals.

Finally, it's important to focus on your mindset and overall well-being.

Stress and negative emotions can contribute to overeating and weight

gain, so finding healthy ways to manage stress, like meditation or

journaling, can be incredibly helpful. Celebrate small successes along the

way and approach weight loss with a positive, empowering attitude.

1. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To criticize fad diets and intense workout plans.

B. To discuss healthy habits for long-term weight loss.

C. To promote extensive gym workouts for weight loss.

D. To provide a comprehensive list of weight loss options.

2. What is recommended regarding exercise?

A. Spending hours at the gym each day.

B. Finding a personal trainer for intense workouts.

C. Incorporating increased movement over time.

D. Avoiding exercise and focusing on dieting.

3. Which type of food is recommended for weight loss?

A. Whole, nutrient-dense foods.

B. Processed foods high in sugar and fat.

C. Fast food and convenience meals.

D. High-carb, low-protein foods.

4. What should you do about portion sizes?

A. Increase portion sizes to prevent hunger.

B. Decrease portion sizes to control calorie intake.

C. Eat as much as you want regardless of portion sizes.

D. Do not pay attention to portion sizes, only choose healthy foods.

5. What is the relationship between sleep and weight loss?

A. Sleep deprivation promotes weight loss.

B. Lack of sleep impairs digestion.

C. Better sleep patterns facilitate weight loss.

D. Sleep patterns have no influence on body weight.

答案及解析：

1、答案：B。文中第一句话提到了许多减肥选择，但文章的重点是“instead of focusing on quick fixes, it's important to develop healthy

habits that you can maintain in the long term”，即文章要讨论长期健康

减肥。

2、答案：C。文章指出，很多人认为健身需要长时间的锻炼，但其实通过每天增加身体的运动量就有很大的帮助。

3、答案：A。文章提到，如果要减肥，应该选择含有营养物质的天然食物，如蔬菜、水果、健康的脂肪和蛋白质。

4、答案：B。文章提到要注意饮食的多少，关注饮食的质量和食物的口感，但不要吃得过多。

5、答案：C。文中提到，睡眠不足会影响身体的荷尔蒙分泌，影响胃肠激素的正常工作，而这些因素可能对促进体重控制产生负面影响。

C

When it comes to losing weight, there are countless options available,

from fad diets to intense workout plans. However, instead of focusing on

quick fixes, it's important to develop healthy habits that you can

maintain in the long term.

One of the most effective ways to lose weight is to incorporate exercise

into your daily routine. This doesn't mean you have to spend hours at

the gym each day. Simply finding ways to move more throughout the day

can make a big difference. Try taking the stairs instead of the elevator,

going for a walk during your lunch break, or doing a quick 10-minute

workout video in the morning.

Diet is also incredibly important when it comes to weight loss.

Eliminating processed foods and focusing on whole, nutrient-dense

foods like vegetables, fruits, lean proteins, and healthy fats can help you

feel full and satisfied while also supporting weight loss. Additionally, be

mindful of your portion sizes and try to eat slowly and mindfully,

savoring each bite of your food.

Another key aspect of losing weight is getting enough sleep. When

you're sleep-deprived, your body produces more of the hormone ghrelin,

which stimulates appetite, and less of the hormone leptin, which signals

fullness. Aim for 7-8 hours of sleep each night to support your weight

loss goals.

Finally, it's important to focus on your mindset and overall well-being.

Stress and negative emotions can contribute to overeating and weight

gain, so finding healthy ways to manage stress, like meditation or

journaling, can be incredibly helpful. Celebrate small successes along the

way and approach weight loss with a positive, empowering attitude.

1. What is the purpose of the passage?

A. To criticize fad diets and intense workout plans.

B. To discuss healthy habits for long-term weight loss.

C. To promote extensive gym workouts for weight loss.

D. To provide a comprehensive list of weight loss options.

2. What is recommended regarding exercise?

A. Spending hours at the gym each day.

B. Finding a personal trainer for intense workouts.

C. Incorporating increased movement over time.

D. Avoiding exercise and focusing on dieting.

3. Which type of food is recommended for weight loss?

A. Whole, nutrient-dense foods.

B. Processed foods high in sugar and fat.

C. Fast food and convenience meals.

D. High-carb, low-protein foods.

4. What should you do about portion sizes?

A. Increase portion sizes to prevent hunger.

B. Decrease portion sizes to control calorie intake.

C. Eat as much as you want regardless of portion sizes.

D. Do not pay attention to portion sizes, only choose healthy foods.

5. What is the relationship between sleep and weight loss?

A. Sleep deprivation promotes weight loss.

B. Lack of sleep impairs digestion.

C. Better sleep patterns facilitate weight loss.

D. Sleep patterns have no influence on body weight.

答案及解析：

1、答案：B。文中第一句话提到了许多减肥选择，但文章的重点是“instead of focusing on quick fixes, it's important to develop healthy

habits that you can maintain in the long term”，即文章要讨论长期健康减肥。

2、答案：C。文章指出，很多人认为健身需要长时间的锻炼，但其实通过每天增加身体的运动量就有很大的帮助。

3、答案：A。文章提到，如果要减肥，应该选择含有营养物质的天然食物，如蔬菜、水果、健康的脂肪和蛋白质。

4、答案：B。文章提到要注意饮食的多少，关注饮食的质量和食物的口感，但不要吃得过多。

5、答案：C。文中提到，睡眠不足会影响身体的荷尔蒙分泌，影响胃肠激素的正常工作，而这些因素可能对促进体重控制产生负面影响。

D

The Gender Pay Gap

Do you ever wonder if men are paid more than women for doing the

same job? Or have you heard rumors that women only earn 77 cents for

every dollar a man earns? Despite legislation and attention brought to

the gender pay gap over the years, it is still an issue in today’s workforce.

According to a report from the National Women’s Law Center, women

working full-time, year-round are typically paid only 80 cents for every

dollar paid to men. This figure is even lower for women of color: African

American women are paid only 63 cents, and Latinas only 54 cents, for

every dollar paid to white, non-Hispanic men. This gap is even wider for

women in certain occupations, such as finance and sales.

There are several explanations for the pay gap, but one of the biggest

factors is occupational segregation. Women are often steered—or steer

themselves—into lower-paying jobs because they have been traditionally

viewed as “women’s work,” such as childcare and teaching. In addition,

societal norms often dictate that women are responsible for caregiving

and family responsibilities, which can limit their career opportunities.

Another factor is the motherhood penalty. Research shows that mothers

are viewed as less competent and less committed to their jobs than men

and women without children. This can lead to them being paid less and

passed up for promotions. Even women without children can be subject

to stereotypes and discrimination based on the assumption that they will

have children in the future.

The gender pay gap not only affects women during their working years,

but it also impacts their retirement savings and social security benefits.

Women generally earn less than men throughout their working lives, and

therefore have less money to save for retirement. In addition, social

security benefits are based on earnings, so women receive smaller

benefits than men. This can result in financial insecurity for women in

their retirement years.

To combat the gender pay gap, it is important to raise awareness of the

issue and hold employers accountable for paying women fairly.

Legislation, such as the Equal Pay Act, has been in place for decades, but

enforcement is still lacking. In addition, women can negotiate for higher

salaries and take steps to advance their careers. By taking action, we can

work towards closing the gender pay gap and achieving true equality in

the workplace.

1. What is the topic of the passage?

A. The benefits of women working full-time.

B. The reasons for the gender pay gap.

C. The reasons why women work in lower-paying jobs.

D. The importance of legislation for equal pay.

2. What percentage of a man’s dollar do women on average earn for the

same work?

A. 54%

B. 63%

C. 77%

D. 80%

3. According to the article, which group of women earns the least when

compared to white, non-Hispanic men?

A. Asian women

B. African American women

C. European women

D. Latina women

4. Why are women often placed in lower-paying jobs according to the

passage?

A. Because they are younger and have less job experience.

B. Because they are often viewed as being less competent.

C. Because they have caregiving and family responsibilities that limit

their opportunities.

D. Because they do not negotiate for higher salaries.

5. Why are women with children often paid less than men and women

without children according to the passage?

A. Because they are viewed as less committed to their jobs.

B. Because they are viewed as more competent and can be trusted with

more responsibility.

C. Because they are believed to work harder than those without children.

D. Because they negotiate for lower salaries.

答案及解析：

1、答案：B。本文主要讨论的是男女薪酬差距的原因。

2、答案：D。根据文章，女性在从事全职工作时，平均只有获得男性薪酬的80%。

3、答案：D。文章指出，与非西班牙裔白人男性相比，非裔美国女性只获得63美分，拉丁裔女性只有54美分。

4、答案：C。文中提到，社会常规认为女性有家庭照顾和家庭责任，从而限制了女性的职业机会。

5、答案：A。文章提到，研究表明，母亲相对于一个没有孩子的男性或女性员工，被认为不够胜任，不够专注于工作，这会导致她们的薪酬较低且不会被提高。

E

Extroverts and introverts may seem the same on the surface, but if you

look at the way they respond to life's everyday occurrences, differences

begin to emerge.

1. Extroverts tend to be more outgoing and talkative, while introverts

tend to be more private and reserved.

2. Extroverts are energized by social situations, while introverts need

time alone to recharge.

3. Extroverts think as they speak, while introverts often carefully

consider their words before speaking.

4. Extroverts enjoy being the center of attention, while introverts prefer

being observers.

5. Extroverts often take risks without much thought, while introverts

tend to be more cautious.

6. Extroverts tend to be more optimistic and hopeful about the future,

while introverts tend to be more realistic.

7. Extroverts tend to be more active and embrace change, while

introverts tend to be more passive and resist change.

8. Extroverts tend to have a wide circle of friends, while introverts prefer

a smaller group of close friends.

9. Extroverts tend to be more assertive and outspoken, while introverts

are more likely to be passive and agreeable.

10. Extroverts often have difficulty being alone, while introverts crave

solitude.

11. Extroverts tend to think quickly on their feet, while introverts need

more time to process information.

12. Extroverts tend to get bored easily, while introverts are more easily

entertained.

It's important to remember that both extroverts and introverts have

their own strengths and weaknesses, and neither is better or worse than

the other. Understanding these differences can help improve

communication and relationships between the two types.

21. What is the main focus of this passage?

A. The differences between extroverts and introverts

B. The strengths of extroverts

C. The weaknesses of introverts

D. The benefits of being an introvert

22. According to the passage, extroverts ________.

A. tend to be more private and reserved

B. need time alone to recharge

C. tend to be more cautious

D. are energized by social situations

23. What is the difference between the way extroverts and introverts

communicate?

A. Extroverts tend to think before they speak

B. Introverts tend to be more talkative

C. Extroverts tend to be more private

D. Introverts tend to carefully consider their words before speaking

24. What is the difference between extroverts and introverts in terms of

attention?

A. Introverts like being the center of attention

B. Extroverts tend to be observers

C. Introverts tend to take risks

D. Extroverts prefer a smaller group of friends

25. Which group of people are more cautious?

A. Extroverts

B. Introverts

C. Extroverts and introverts

D. Neither

答案及解析:

1、答案：A,解析：文章首段即点明了文章重心，分析了内向和外向的基本区别。故选A项。

2、答案：D,解析：根据原文第二点“Extroverts are energized by social

situations”，可知是社交场合让外向型人更有精力的。故选D项。

3、答案：D,解析：原文表述的是外向型在说话前不太思考，内向型更爱思考后再说话。故选D项。

4、答案：B,解析：原文：Extroverts enjoy being the center of attention,

while introverts prefer being observers.故选B。

5、答案：B,解析：B项 Correct。原文：Extroverts often take risks without

much thought, while introverts tend to be more cautious.