2024年2月17日发(作者：)

高考英语 常考基本词汇讲解讲义系列（三）

重点单词详解

1．occasion

n．时机；场合

occasion 常与on搭配，on occasion ＝ occasionally, from time to time, at times,

sometimes, now and then “有时；偶尔”。

1)You shouldn't have lost control of your temper ________ ________ ________ ________.你不应该在这种场合发脾气。

2)I meet him ________ ________at the club or in the theatre. 我有时在俱乐部或剧院遇到他。

3)All the people involved ________ ________ ________ must be present. 所有与这起案件有关的人都必须出场。

【答案】 1)on such an occasion 2)on occasion 3)in this case

occasion，situation, condition和case用法辨析

occasion 指特定的“时机；场合；良机”。

situation往往指“情况；形式”。

condition指某事发展、存在的状况、状态或条件。

case常指事物的特定情况、情况真相，如“病例；案件”等。

occasion后面的定语从句多由when或on which引导；situation，case后面的定语从句多由where或in which引导。

(1)用occasion,case,condition或situation的适当形式填空

1)There are _______ when (on which) one must give in.

2)Living ________ have improved here over the last few years.

3)In the study of modern science, there're many ________ where soldiers can teach

officers.

4)The current international________is not optimistic.

【答案】 1)occasions 2)conditions 3) cases 4)situation

(2)名校押题

It's helpful to put children in a situation ________they can see themselves

differently.

A．that B．when C．which D．where

【答案与解析】 D 考查定语从句的引导词。 先行词是situation表示情景、形式，从句不缺少主语、宾语，所以选用连接副词where。

2．depend

vi. 依靠；相信；信赖

depend常与介词on或upon连用，后接名词、代词或从句作宾语。其后可接不定式作宾语补足语，其在口语中意为“看情况”，有that depends, it depends, it all depends等。

depend on 后跟that引导的宾语从句时，应该在on后面加it，再加从句。

dependence

n. 依靠；依赖；信任

dependent

adj. 依靠的；依赖的；由……决定的

independent

adj. 独立自主的；不受约束的

independence

n. 独立；自主

1)It may take several months to reach your target weight—it ________ ________ how

much you want to lose.

要达到你锁定的目标体重可能要花几个月的时间——这取决于你想要减掉多少。

用心 爱心 专心

- 1 -

2)You may ________ ________it that we shall never give up.你可以放心，我们永远不放弃。

3)Success is ________ on how hard you work. 成败取决于你努力的程度。

4)I am ________ ________ your coming. 我肯定你会来的。

【答案】 1)depends on 2)depend on 3)dependent 4)depending on / upon

(1)用depend的适当形式填空

1)Sometimes we are busy and sometimes we are not. ________ ________ ________， you

see.

2)It ________how you take the problem.

3)Find a job and end your ________ ________ your parents.

4)How much is produced ________ ________ how hard we work.

【答案】 1)It all depends 2)depends 3)dependence on 4)depends on

(2)名校押题

—Are you leaving this weekend or next Monday?

—That ________the weather.

A．is depended on B．is depended on C．depends on D．relies on

【答案与解析】 C 考查动词词组辨析。 rely on “依靠；依赖”；depend on “依赖；取决于”。 答句题意：离开的天气取决于天气情况。根据习惯用法可知depend不用被动语态，所以选C项。

3．attend

vt. 出席；参加；上(学)；到场；照料；护理

attendant

n. 服务员

attendance

n. 出席；到场

attend a lecture / a movie 听演讲/看电影

attend school / class 上学/上课

attend a meeting 参加会议

attend on / upon sb 伺候某人；照顾某人

attend to 处理；专心于；照料

1)The patients are well ________ in the hospital. 病人在医院里得到了很好的照料。

2)If not invited, I will not ________ her wedding party. 如果不被邀请，我就不参加她的婚礼。

3)Could you ________ ________ this matter immediately? 你能不能立即处理这件事？

【答案】 1)attended 2)attend 3)attend to

(1)用attend及其短语的适当形式填空

1)This is the nurse who ________ ________ me when I was ill in hospital.

2)He was very tired after the long run, and expected somebody to________ ________

him.

3)Why weren't you ________ when I explained before?

4)They are expecting a large________ at the meeting.

【答案】 1)attended to 2)attend on 3)attending 4)attendance

(2)名校押题

When the young politician ________ the wedding, he always was in ________ the

president.

A．attended; attendance on B．attended; attendance

C．attends; attendance on D．had attended; attendance

用心 爱心 专心

- 2 -

【答案与解析】 A 第1空时态与主句was的时态同； attendance是名词，与另一名词连接时，需加介词，且 be in attendance on sb “陪侍(某人)”是固定搭配。

4．contribute

vt. &

vi. 捐赠；提供；贡献；投稿

contribution

n. 捐献；贡献

contributor

n. 贡献者；捐助者

contribute to 有助于；促进

make a contribution to 为……作贡献

1)He ________ half of his saving to earthquake victims. 他将积蓄的一半捐助给了地震灾民。

2)The construction of a highway will ________ ________ the development of local

economy.建造高速公路将有助于当地经济的发展。

3)The editors speak highly of the articles he ________ ________ over the years. 编辑们对他这些年撰写的稿件赞不绝口。

4)It is our duty to _______ ________ _______ our motherland. 为祖国作出贡献是我们的责任。

【答案】 1)contributed 2)contribute to 3)has contributed 4)make contribution to

(1)用contribute及其短语的适当形式填空

1)Each worker ________ one dollar to the Red Cross.

2)As we all know, fresh air and plenty of exercise ________ ________ good health.

3)The invention of paper was a great ________ to human civilization.

4)He________ ________ ________ the magazine for several years.

【答案】 1)contributed 2)contribute to 3)contribution 4)has contributed to

(2)名校押题

—There is no doubt that your singing will ________ greatly to the success of the

party.

—I'm so flattered.

A．devote B．contribute C．promote D．stick

【答案与解析】 B 考查动词词义辨析。 题意：“毫无疑问你的演唱对于聚会的成功作出了巨大贡献。”“你过奖了。”devote to “专心致志于；把……献给”； contribute to “有助于；促进”； promote“提升”；stick to “坚持”。

5．including

prep.包含；包括

including是介词，后面要跟名词、代词、动名词作宾语。include是及物动词，后跟宾语或被动语态。

included是形容词，意为“包括……在内的”，多放在名词或代词之后。

1)There are six people, ________ three women. 有六个人，包括三个妇女。

2)Our ten－day tour ________ a visit to London. 我们的十日游包括游览伦敦。

3)A lot of students were praised at the meeting, Tom ________.许多学生在会议上受到了表扬，包括汤姆在内。

【答案】 1)including 2)included 3)included

(1)用include的适当形式填空

1)The conference delegates ________ representatives from abroad.

2)The band played many songs, ________ some of my favourites.

3)Detailed instructions ________ ________ in the booklet.

【答案】 1)included 2)including 3)are included

用心 爱心 专心

- 3 -

(2)名校押题

We are short of teachers. The teacher in hospital________， we have only 32.

A．including B．Included C．includes D．include

【答案与解析】 B 考查词义辨析。 including是介词，后接名词代词作宾语；include是及物动词，后面需要接宾语； included形容词，放在这里作后置定语。

6．principle

n. [C]原则；操守；道德标准；原理

1)It's ________ ________ ________ ________， so we can't give in. 这是原则问题，因此我们不能让步。

2)She seems to have no ________ at all when it comes to making money. 一谈到赚钱，

她就好像完全不顾自己的原则了。

3)He is quite ________ ________. 他完全没有道德观念(他做的事一点都不道德)。

【答案】 1)a matter of principle 2)principles 3)without principle

(1)完成句子

It is ________ ________ ________ (有违原则) to tell a lie.

【答案】 against my principle

(2)名校押题

He is a man of high ________ and we all respect him.

A．moral B．principle C．character D．nature

【答案与解析】 B 题意：他是有高度道德原则的人，我们都敬重他。principle “(行为的)准则；操守”； moral 须加－s 表示“道德”； character “人格”； nature “性格”。

7．condemn

vt. 谴责；使……遭受；给……判刑

condemn sb / sth for / as sth 因……而谴责某人或某事

condemn 判处某人某种刑罚

condemn sb to sth / to do sth 迫使……接受困境(或不愉快的状况)

condemnable adj. 该罚的；该受责备的

condemnation n. 定罪；谴责；指责

condemned adj. 已被定罪的；已被定罪者使用的；受谴责的

1) His lack of education ________ ________________live a hard life. 他因未受教育而不得不过着艰苦的生活。

2)We all ________ ________to children. 我们一致谴责虐待儿童的行为。

3)The criminal ________ ________ ________ death. 这个罪犯被判处死刑。

【答案】 1)condemned him to 2)condemn cruelty

(1)完成句子

1)He was found guilty and ________________________ ________(处以枪决)．

2)Most people would _______________ ________ ________ ________ (任何种类的暴力行为)．

3)As an old person, one is often ________ ________ ________ ________ (无奈而独自生活).

【答案】 1)condemned to be shot 2)condemn violence of any sort 3)condemned to live

alone

(2)名校押题

He found it hard to________a mother who stole bread for a hungry child.

A．compass B．Compete C．complain D．condemn

【答案与解析】 D 考查动词。题意：他不忍心谴责一个为饥饿的孩子偷面包的母亲。用心 爱心 专心

- 4 -

compass“图谋； 计划；达到”；compete“比赛；竞争”；complain“抱怨；发牢骚”；condemn“谴责”。

8．relevant

adj. 有关的；贴切的；中肯的

be 与……有关

relevance, relevancy n. 有关；关联；贴切；中肯

have 与……有关

1)The tsunami ________ ________ ________ ________ the earthquake down the ocean. 这次海啸与海底地震有很大的关系。

2)His nationality ________ ________ ________ whether he is a good lawyer. 他的国籍跟他是不是一个好律师不相关。

3)The professor has given the students a list of articles ________ ________ the topic

under discussion.教授已经给了学生们与讨论主题相关的文章清单。

【答案】 1)is much relevant to 2)isn't relevant to 3)relevant to

(1)单项填空

Any ________information must be given to our teacher in the interest of our class.

A．relevant B．concerned C．relevance D．concerning

【答案与解析】 A 题意：为了班级的利益，我们必须把有关信息汇报给老师。concerned只能后置，relevance是名词，而concerning为介词，均不合题意。

(2)名校押题

A government official was murdered last week and the police are collecting information

that is ________to the case.

A．relevant B．similar C．devoted D．addicted

【答案与解析】 A 考查形容词。be “与……有关”。题意：上周一位政府官员被谋杀，警察正搜寻与此案件相关的信息。

9．considerate

adj. 考虑周到的；体谅的；体贴的；为(他人)着想的

be considerate of / to / towards sb 体贴某人

considerable adj. 相当大的；相当重要的；相当多的

a considerable number of 许多的；大量的

considering prep. & conj. 考虑到；鉴于……；就……而言

consideration n. 考虑；认为

take sth into consideration 把……加以考虑

consider vt. 考虑；认为

1)She is a _______teacher who is always ready to help others.她是一个乐于助人的体贴的老师。

2)He is no more ________ of others than his brother is.他不体谅别人，就跟他弟弟一样。

【答案】 1)considerate 2)considerate

(1)用consider的适当形式填空

1)________ he's only been learning English for a year, he speaks it very well. 考虑到他只学了一年英语，他讲得算是很流利了。

2)There're a ________ number of people who like him round in society; they're very

fashionable just now.在社交界有不少人喜欢他，这些人现在都很出风头。

3)I always take fuel consumption into ________ when buying a car. 我买汽车时总要把燃油消耗量考虑在内。

用心 爱心 专心

- 5 -

4)That matter is under ________. 那件事正在考虑中。

5)He showed no ________ for his wife. 他不体贴妻子。

【答案】 1)Considering 2)considerable 3)consideration 4)consideration

5)consideration

(2)名校押题

It was very ________of you not to play the piano while I was asleep.

A．considerable B．considering C．considerate D．considered

【答案与解析】 C it is / was considerate of sb to do sth “某人去做某事真是太体贴了”，为固定结构。

重点短语详解

1．draw up 起草；草拟(文件)；到达(某处)停下；挺直身体；将……拉近

draw one's attention 吸引某人的注意

draw a conclusion 得出结论

1)They ________ ________ a list of candidates. 他们草拟了一份候选人的名单。

2)The car ________ ________ at the traffic lights. 汽车见到交通灯的信号停下来了。

3)She ________ ________ the horse at the top of the hill. 她在山顶上将马拉住。

4)He ________ ________ ________ and walked to the platform. 他挺直了身体走上讲台。

5)________ ________ a chair, and join the conversation. 拉把椅子过来，加入我们的谈话吧。

【答案】 1)drew up 2)drew up 3)drew up 4)drew himself up 5)Draw up

(1)单项填空

After he retired from office, Rogers ________ painting for a while，but soon lost

interest.

A．took up B．saved up C．kept up D．drew up

【答案与解析】 A 考查动词词义辨析。由后置语境“but soon lost interest”可知，空白处应表示“对……产生兴趣”，故A项正确。save up“储蓄”；keep up“使……不掉下来”；draw up“起草；拟订”。

(2)名校押题

Who do you know_______ the

Declaration of Independence when the United States broke

away from Britain?

A．turned up B．came up C．drew up D．took up

【答案与解析】 C 考查up相关短语辨析。根据题意是表达起草美国的《独立宣言》，故答案为C项。draw up“起草；拟订”。

2．can't help doing sth 禁不住做某事；情不自禁做某事

can't help do ＝ can't help to do 不能帮忙做……

can't (help) but do 不得不做……；只能做……

1)He _______ _______ _______ when he saw his sick mother. 见到生病的母亲他禁不住哭了。

2)They ______ ______ _______at the funny pictures. 见到这些滑稽的图片，他们禁不住笑了。

【答案】 1)couldn't help crying 2)couldn't help laughing

(1)单项填空

While shopping, people sometimes ________ into buying something they don't really

need.

用心 爱心 专心

- 6 -

A．can't help to persuade B．can't help persuading

C．can't help being persuaded D．had better be persuaded

【答案与解析】 C can't help doing sth “禁不住做某事；情不自禁地做某事”； can't

help to do sth “不能帮助做某事”。在此题中要注意用被动形式。题意：在购物时，人们有时会禁不住被说服去买一些他们并不需要的东西。

(2)名校押题

—Would you please help me with my luggage?

—Sorry，I________ is even harder.

A．cannot help carrying B．cannot help but carry

C．cannot but carry D．cannot help carry

【答案与解析】 D 答语前句意为“对不起，我不能帮助搬行李”。cannot help doing “禁不住做”；cannot help but do “不得不做；忍不住做”；cannot help do “不能帮忙做”，故选D项。

3．go ahead 走在前面；先走；进行；发生

go ahead (with sth) (尤指经某人允许，或有人表示怀疑或反对后)开始做；着手干

1)I'll ________ ________ and tell them you're on the way. 我要先走一步，告诉他们你在路上。

2)Despite the bad weather, the fete will ________ ________. 尽管天气不好， 游乐会照常举行。

3)The building of the new bridge will _______ _______ as planned. 新桥的修建将按计划进行。

4)—May I start now? 我现在可以开始吗？

—Yes, ________ ________. 可以， 开始吧。

5)The government intends to ________ ________ with its privatization plans. 政府拟推行私有化计划。

【答案】 1)go ahead 2)go ahead 3)go ahead 4)go ahead 5)go ahead

1)单项填空

—Could I ask you some rather personal questions?

—Of course, ________.

A．excuse me B．go ahead C．good idea D．forget it

【答案与解析】 B go ahead“问吧”。

(2)名校押题

—Was Mary sorry for what she'd done?

—________.

A．No wonder B．Well done C．Not really D．Go ahead

【答案与解析】 C no wonder“不足为奇；难怪”；well done“做得好”；not really“事实上没有”；go ahead“做吧”。根据题意选C项。

4．more than 更；更加；较为；更大程度地

more than 用于比较意义，表示“比……多”；用于数词前，表示“超过；多余”，还可表示“不仅仅是；非常”的意思。

1)His knowledge is ________ ________ mine. 他的知识比我的丰富。

2)China Daily is ________ ________ a newspaper. It can help us ________English.《中国日报》不仅仅是一份报纸。它还能帮助我们学习英语。

【答案】 1)more than 2)more than；learn

用心 爱心 专心

- 7 -

(1)more than ＋表语(形容词或分词)，相当于very或much。

Her parents are more than (＝much) pleased with her results. 她父母对她的成绩很满意。

(2)more than ＋名词，相当于not only。

Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. 冬眠不仅是睡眠，而且是很深的睡眠。

(3)“more than one ＋单数名词”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数。

More than one student has seen the film. 不止一个学生看过那部电影。

(4)more ＋名词＋ than ＋名词，表示“与其说……，不如说……”。

It is even more a poem than a picture. 与其说它是一幅画，倒不如说它是一首诗。

(5)no ＋ more than相当于only或not any more than。

I have read no more than (＝ not any more than) two pages this morning. 今天上午我只看了两页书。

(1)单项填空

Those who have ________ courage than wisdom may sometimes act foolishly.

A．much B．more C．most D．many

【答案与解析】 B 考查 的用法。题意：那些有勇无谋的人有时做事很愚蠢。

(2)名校押题

1)—Do you need some help, Lily?

—Sure. The job is ________ I could do myself.

A．less than B．more than C．no more than D．not more than

【答案与解析】 B 题意：这项工作我一个人完成不了。more than “多于；超过”。 less

than ＝ no more than “小于；少于”； not more than “至多”。

2) Americans usually just say “Hi” or “Hello”，________ a more formal handshake

when they first meet you.

A．rather than B．more than C．less than D．other than

【答案与解析】 A rather than“而不是”；other than“除了”。

5．end up (尤指经历一系列意料之外的事情后)最终处于……

end up (with) 结束；完结；以……结局

begin / start with 以……开始

1)How does the story ________ ________？ 这个故事是怎么结束的？

2)He ________ ________ his own life ________ a gun. 他开枪自杀了。

3)He fell off a tall tree and ________ ________ ________ disability. 他从很高的树上掉下来，结果残疾了。

【答案】 1)end up 2)ended up；with 3)ended up with

(1)单项填空

Don't drive your car like that, or you'll ________ in hospital.

A．catch up B．take up C．end up D．bring up

【答案与解析】 C 题意：不要那样开车，否则你最终会受伤住院的。 end up “以……结局”。

(2)名校押题

With the popularity of bank cards，now thieves mostly_____just a little cash and

several cards.

用心 爱心 专心

- 8 -

A．deal with B．end up with C．come up with D．put up with

【答案与解析】 B 题意：随着银行卡的普及，现在大多数小偷只能偷到少量现金和几张卡。deal with“对付；处理”；end up with“以……而结束”；come up with“想出；提出”；put up with“忍受；忍耐”。

用心 爱心 专心

- 9 -