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C

2008 Text 1

ONTENTS

While still catching-up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at

least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and

anxiety disorders in response to stress compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at

New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.

在现代生活中女性就算是在某些领域可以追赶上男性，但至少在一个方面是领先的，尽管是她们不太想要的。纽

约的退伍军管理医院精神科首席医生Yehuda博士说道，和男性相比，女性面对压力时，更容易受到影响，导致抑郁

和紧张。

sphere [sfi] n. 球,球面,球体,天体,地球仪,范围vt. 包围,使成球体,放入球内

【例】Many countries have difficulties in the economic sphere. 许多国家在经济方面遇到了困难。

category ['ktigri] n. 种类,类项;

【例】These Categories recognize different levels of competition. 这些类别可被用来分辨出比赛里不同

的等级。

susceptible [s'septbl] a. 易受影响的,易感动的,容许…的

【例】This agreement is not susceptible to alteration. 这一协议不容更改。

psychiatrist [sai'kaitrist] n. 精神病医师,精神病学家

【例】The psychiatrist gave testimony that …精神病医生有证言说……

①Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect

the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals

than do males under the same conditions. ②In several of the studies, when stressed-out

female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical

responses became equal to those of the males.

对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女性产生更

多的致病化学物质。在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和

那些雄性的一样了。

trigger ['trig] n. 触发器,板机,制滑机 vt. 触发,发射,引起 vi. 松开板柄

【例】The odour of food may be a trigger for man's appetite. 食物的香味能引起人的食欲。

1. Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress

response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under

the same conditions.

【译文】对于动物和人类的研究都显示出性激素会在某种程度去影响面对压力的反应，导致在同样的条件下，女

性产生更多的致病化学物质。

【解析】这句话的主语是Studies，of both animals and humans是定语，修饰主语。have shown是谓语，

that后是宾语从句，sex hormones是宾语从句中的主语，affect是宾语从句中的谓语，the stress response是宾

语从句中的宾语，causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males

under the same conditions.是宾语从句中的状语从句。

2. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female

reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.

【译文】在几项研究中，当受到压力的雌鼠的卵巢（雌性的生殖器官）被拿掉后，它们的化学反应变得和那些雄

性的一样了。

【解析】这句话中In several of the studies和when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the

female reproductive organs) removed都是状语从句，their chemical responses是主语，became是谓语，

在when的状语从句中，stressed-out female rats是从句中的主语，had something removed是谓语。

③Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased

“opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they

have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be

greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they

become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”

对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。“并不是女性要处理的事

情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。”Yehuda博士说道。“她们对于压力的承受能力有时候甚至比男性的还大”，

她观察到，“她们只是需要处理的事情太多，看起来会更容易精疲力尽。”

capacity [k'psiti] n. 容量,能力,才能,资格【例】This room has a seating capacity of 100 people. 这

个房间可容纳一百人。

3. Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for

stress.

【译文】对于女性来说，除了产生更多的导致压力的化学物质外，她们产生压力的“机会”也更多。“并不是女性要

处理的事情太少，而是她们有更多的事情要处理。

【解析】这句话中Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals是状语，add to的意思是增

加,增添,补充，后面的句子没有主语。Adding to后面接的是名词，表补充！

Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women

are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to

combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. ④The kinds of

interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by,

unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The

wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”

Yehuda博士注意到了另一个男女之间的不同点。“我认为，女性通常要做的事是慢性的，重复的。而男人去战场，

承受的是格斗的压力。男性面临的更多的是随意的身体上的暴力。女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。

不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是能够一次性解决的问题。这种长期的关系的磨合是更有破坏性的。

expose [iks'puz] vt. 使暴露,受到;使曝光;揭露,揭发

【例】You shouldn't expose the soldiers to unnecessary risks. 你不应该让士兵们冒不必要的危险。

random ['rndm] n. 随意,任意a. 任意的,随便的,胡乱的,随机的 ad. 胡乱地

domestic [d'mestik] a. 家里的,家庭的;本国的,国内的;驯养的

【例】The meeting concerns both foreign and domestic policies. 会议关系到国内外政策。

devastating adj．破坏性的

【例】A smouldering cigarette can kindle a devastating bushfire. 闷燃着的香烟会引起毁灭性的林区大

火。

4. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations,

by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals.

【译文】女性面对的人与人之间的暴力是在家庭环境中的。不幸的是，她们与父母还有其他的家庭成员之间不是

能够一次性解决的问题。

【解析】这句话中The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to是主语，tend是谓语。

unfortunately是插入语，整个的是by parents or other family members，and连接一个句子，所以这句话是一

个并列句。

Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, but was determined to finish college. “I

struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to

go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother.

“It’s the hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay

the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”

Adeline Alvarez 18岁结婚并生了个儿子，但她决定完成大学学业。“我尽了很大的努力拿到大学学位，因为我

在实际生活中有很多的挫折，而这就是我的逃避，去学校，争取上游，做到更好。”不久后，她离了婚变成一个单亲母

亲。“除了照顾一个十几岁的孩子，还要工作，付房租，养车，还债是最难的事情了。我的生活就是不停的支付自己的

账单。”

struggle ['strgl] n. 斗争,战斗;挣扎,努力 vi. 挣扎斗争,奋斗

【例】They stayed awake in their struggle against terrorists. 在与反恐怖分子的斗争中他们始终保持警

惕。

frustration [frs'trein] n. 打破,挫折,顿挫

【例】actions expressive of frustration. 表达受挫的行动

paycheck ['peitek] n. 付薪水的支票;薪津;租金

【例】The boss docked his paycheck $ 20. 老板从他的工资中扣去20美元。

Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women

today are coping with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. ⑤Alvarez’s

experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens

your health and your ability to function.

不是每个人经历着和Alvarez describes一样的长期的压力，但是大多数女性都在处理着太多的责任，很少得到

喘息，从而感到了压力。Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

obligation ['bli'gein] n. 义务,职责,责任;契约,债务

【例】He feels a prior obligation to his job as a journalist. 他觉得要优先为他的新闻记者的工作尽职。

5. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it

threatens your health and your ability to function.

【译文】Alvarez的经历证明了当压力威胁你的健康和正常生理功能之前解压是非常重要的。

【解析】这句话中Alvarez’s experience是主语，demonstrates是谓语，the importance是宾语，of finding

ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.这整个一句话都是修饰

宾语the importance的。

21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs

[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.

[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.

[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.

[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.

21. 参考答案【A】

【解析】 A．从文中Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety

disorders in response to stress compared to men和Studies of both animals and humans have shown

that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more

of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions.这2句话可以看出由于激素荷尔蒙的原

因，女性在生理上面对压力时更脆弱。B．文中没有表明女性受到来自于男性的压力。C和D 在前2段中没有说明，

故选A。

另解：文章第1、2段明确表述，妇女在面对压力时，由于性荷尔蒙的差异，会产生更多的trigger chemicals，

而这个是导致她们develop depression and anxiety disorders的原因。所以，妇女在面对压力的时候更加脆弱，

选A。而且，还有个支持力非常强的老鼠实验，去掉母鼠的卵巢，则其chemical responses就与公鼠一样了，这说

明是生理（或生物，biologically）上的原因。B根本无从谈起，与此项沾点边的是第四段的妇女的压力更多源于妇女

与其他家庭成员，虽然这里的“其他家庭成员”最有可能的就是她们的老公（men），但原文并未明述，况且这也是第

四段了。C也无从谈起，跟它沾点边的在第3段的这句话：Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be

greater than men’s，这个干扰项稍加注意即可排除。D有一点干扰性，男人与妇女在面对压力时，显示出不同的倾