2024年3月19日发(作者：笔记本wifi上网设置方法步骤)

Ancient Greece and Rome

Refer to: /wiki/Classical_antiquity

Classical Antiquity (or Ancient Greece and Rome) is a period of about 900

years, when ancient Greece and then ancient Rome (first as a Republic and then as

an Empire) dominated the Mediterranean [meditə'reinjən] area, from about 500

B.C.E. - 400 C.E. We tend to lump ancient Greece and Rome together because the

Romans adopted many aspects of Greek culture when they conquered the areas of

Europe under Greek control (circa 145 - 30 B.C.E.).

For example, the Romans adopted the Greek pantheon of Gods and Godesses

but changed their names—the Greek god of war was Ares, whereas the Roman

god of war was Mars. The ancient Romans also copied ancient Greek art. However,

the Romans often used marble to create copies of sculptures that the Greeks had

originally made in bronze.

The ancient Greeks were the first Western culture that believed in finding

rational answers to the great questions of earthly life. They assumed that there

were consistent laws which governed the universe—how the stars move; the

materials that compose the universe; mathematical laws that govern harmony and

beauty, geometry and physics.

Both the Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Romans had enormous respect for

human beings, and what they could accomplish with their minds and bodies. They

were Humanists (a frame of mind which was re-born in the Renaissance). This was

very different from the period following Classical Antiquity—the Middle Ages,

when Christianity (with its sense of the body as sinful) came to dominate Western

Europe.

When you imagine Ancient Greek or Roman sculpture, you might think of a

figure that is nude, athletic, young, idealized, and with perfect proportions—and

this would be true of Ancient Greek art of the Classical period (5th century B.C.E.)

as well as much of Ancient Roman art.

Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that began growing on the Italian

Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and

centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to become one of the largest empires in

the ancient world.

[1]

In its approximately twelve centuries of existence, Roman civilization shifted

from a monarchy to an aristocratic republic to an increasingly autocratic empire.

Through conquest and assimilation, it came to dominate Southern Europe,

Western Europe, Asia Minor, North Africa and parts of Eastern Europe. Rome was

preponderant throughout the Mediterranean region and was one of the most

powerful entities of the ancient world. It is often grouped into "Classical Antiquity"

together with ancient Greece, and their similar cultures and societies are known as

the Greco-Roman world.

The Romans are still remembered today, including names such as Julius Caesar,

Cicero, and Augustus. Ancient Roman society contributed greatly to government,

politics, warfare, art, literature, architecture, technology, religion, and language in

the Western world. A civilization highly developed for its time, Rome

professionalized and greatly expanded its military and created a system of

government called

res publica

, the inspiration for some modern republics

[2][3][4]

such as the United States and France. It achieved impressive technological and

architectural feats, such as the construction of an extensive system of aqueducts

and roads, as well as large monuments, palaces, and public facilities.

The extent of the Roman Republic and Roman Empire in 218 BC (dark red), 133

BC (light red), 44 BC (orange), AD 14 (yellow), after AD 14 (green), and maximum

extension under Trajan 117 (light green)

雅典娜女神

The Parthenon is one of the most iconic symbols of the classical

exemplifying ancient Greek culture.

Parthenon. (希腊雅典祭祀雅典娜女神的)巴台农神殿(相传建于公元前438年)

era,