2024年3月10日发(作者：10086测速平台)

Characteristics of Traditional Chinese Architecture

In today’s video, I am going to introduce the knowledge of traditional Chinese architecture.

今天，我将要介绍一些中国传统建筑的知识。

So let’s begin.

我们开始吧。

What is traditional Chinese architecture?

什么是中国传统建筑？

It can be imperial palaces, altars, temples, mausoleums, pagodas, civilian residential housing, and

bridges.

它可以是皇宫、祭坛、寺庙、陵墓、宝塔、民用住宅和桥梁。

When we mention Traditional Chinese Architecture, what is the first traditional building that first

comes to your mind?

提到中国传统建筑，你首先想到的是什么?

The Hall of Supreme Harmony in the Forbidden City?

故宫的太和殿?

the Temple of Heaven? the Great Wall? Or a certain Buddhism temple in your hometown?

天坛?长城吗?或者你家乡的某个佛教庙宇？

Or a traditional garden you once visited during a trip?

还是你曾经在旅行中参观过的传统花园?

No matter what it is, they probably are the masterpieces of traditional Chinese architecture.

不管它是什么，它们都可能是中国传统建筑的杰作。

Why are they the very first buildings that pop into your mind?

为什么它们会是你最先想到的建筑?

Probably because you have noticed some typical features.

可能因为你注意到了它们的一些典型特征。

Their extended eaves and colorful paints have left you a deep impression.

延伸的屋檐和精美的彩绘给你留下了深刻的印象。

Features of traditional Chinese architecture are embedded in their doors, windows, decorations,

and roofing elements.

中国传统建筑的特色体现在门窗、装饰和屋顶上。

They had different functions and were built in different dynasties, but they do share many

common features of traditional Chinese architecture.

这些建筑物有不同的功能，是在不同的朝代建造的，但它们有许多共同点。

So what are the features?

有什么特点呢?

Let’s look at this picture.

让我们看看这张照片。

In this picture, almost all the buildings are rectangular.

在这幅图中，几乎所有的建筑物都是长方形的。

They are built with bricks and glazed tile.

大多由砖头和琉璃瓦建成。

Some of them have double-eaved roof.

有些房子的屋檐是双层的。

They are built with wood.

都是木质结构。

The whole layout is symmetric.

整个布局是对称的。

These are the features of traditional Chinese architecture.

这些就是中国传统建筑的特点。

The first typical feature is the timber framework.

第一个典型特征是木框架

Traditional Chinese architecture featured timber framework as the supporting structure.

中国传统建筑以木结构为支撑结构。

Walls were not load bearing.

墙壁不承重。

They were only used to separate space.

它们只是用来分隔空间的。

The timber frame supported most of the weight of the house.

木框架支撑着房子的大部分重量。

Windows, doors and walls were not restricted to certain locations.

窗户、门和墙壁不限制在特定的位置。

The load on the top of a structure could be transferred to its groundwork through its posts, beams,

lintels and joists.

结构顶部的荷载可以通过柱、梁、过梁和托梁转移到地基上。

Timber framework was resistant to earthquakes while possessing the advantages of flexibility and

adaptability.

木结构具有良好的抗震性能和适应性。

Secondly, traditional Chinese architecture also stresses on the layout.

其次，中国传统建筑也强调布局。

Traditional Chinese structures were usually based on the principle of balance and symmetry.

中国传统的结构通常是基于平衡和对称的原则。

Palaces, temples, and residences all followed the principle that the main structure was the axis.

宫殿、庙宇和住宅都遵循以主体结构位于轴线的原则。

The secondary structures were positioned as two wings on either side to form the yard.

次要结构位于两翼，形成庭院。

In this way, groups of buildings appeared organically assembled.

通过这种方式，一组组建筑有机地组合在一起。

Thirdly, traditional Chinese structures were mostly built with timber but some were built with

bricks and tiles.

第三，传统的中国建筑大多是用木材建造的，但也有一些是用砖和瓦建造的。

The glazed tile is a high grade building material in ancient China. 琉璃瓦是中国古

代的一种高级建筑材料。

It was used exclusively on palace buildings and on the large mansions of some nobles and high

officials.

专门用于宫殿建筑和一些贵族、高官的大宅第。

The residences of some nobles and officials were built with gray-titled roofs.

一些贵族和官员的住宅是用灰色屋顶建造的。

Fourthly, ancient Chinese buildings tended to have huge roofs with extended eaves.

第四，中国古代建筑往往有巨大的屋顶和延伸的屋檐。

This was to ensure enough light and avoid the dampening of the walls.

这是为了确保有足够的光线，避免墙壁受潮。

Curved temple roofs had another deep meaning.

弯曲的寺庙屋顶还有另一个深层含义.

Buddhist followers believed that curved roofs helped to ward off evil spirits, which were usually

attracted to straight lines.

佛教信徒认为，弯曲的屋顶有助于驱赶邪灵，邪灵通常会被吸引到直线上。

Roof styles in the Qing Dynasty can be mainly categorized into single-eaved roof and double-

eaved roof.

清代屋顶样式主要分为单檐屋顶和重檐屋顶。

The double-eaved roof has a higher ranking.

重檐屋顶的等级较高。

Besides, here are many roof styles, such as hip roof, gable and hip roof, overhanging gable roof

and flush gable rood.

此外还有很多其他的屋顶样式，庑殿顶，歇山顶，悬山顶和硬山顶。

Hip roof has the highest ranking.

其中庑殿顶等级最高。

Therefore, only buildings ranking highest in the architectural hierarchy can have double-eaved hip

roofs.

并且，只有等级最高的建筑才能拥有重檐庑殿顶。

The famous ancient Chinese architecture with a double-eaved hip roof is Hall of Supreme

Harmony.

中国古建筑中最著名的重檐庑殿顶建筑要属太和殿。

It is the largest hall within the Forbidden City and located at its central axis, which was the

grandest and the most important building of Ming and Qing Dynasty.

太和殿是紫禁城中最大的宫殿，位于中轴线上，是明清时期最宏伟、最重要的建筑。

The roofs of ancient Chinese palaces, temples, and mansions had zoomorphic ornaments called

wenshou.

中国古代宫殿、寺庙和府邸的屋顶上都有一种叫做“吻兽”的兽形装饰。

Placing animal figures on roof ridges was a traditional practice.

在屋脊上摆放动物是一种传统的做法。

So let’s look at this picture.

我们来看看这张图。

How many mythological animals are there on the ridges?

脊上有多少神话动物?

From 龙 to 行十, there are 10 animals.

从龙行十,有 10 个动物。

Mythological animals play an important role in the architectural hierarchy.

神话动物在建筑层次中扮演着重要的角色。

Actually you can only see all the 10 animals on the ridges of Hall of Supreme Harmony.

实际上，你只能在太和殿的屋脊上看到全部的 10 只神兽。

The Hall of Preserving Harmony ranks the second with nine on its eaves, and the Hall of Central

Harmony ranks the third, with seven.

保和殿排在第二，屋檐上有九个，中和殿排在第三，有七个。

It is a little bit hard to read the Chinese names of these mythological animals.

读这些神话动物的中文名字有点难。

They use some uncommon characters.

他们使用一些不常见的汉字。

From left to right, they are 龙,凤,狮子,天马,海马,狻猊,狎鱼,獬豸,斗牛,行什.

从左到右,龙、凤、狮子,天马,海马,狻猊,狎鱼,獬豸,斗牛,行什。

It was believed that immortal beings and various beasts served to protect sacred buildings and

keep evil spirits away.

人们相信神仙和神兽可以保护神圣的建筑，并为之驱邪。

Because traditional Chinese buildings use timber framework as the supporting structure.

因为传统的中国建筑使用木框架作为支撑结构。

Two of them, 海马 and 狻猊, have the power of controlling over water and protect the building

from fire。

神兽中有两个，海马和狻猊，都拥有控制水的神力，可以保护建筑，防止建筑失火。

The last feature is colorful paint.

最后一个特点是彩绘。

It plays the roles of decoration and protection.

彩绘起到了装饰和保护的作用。

Paint was initially used on wood for antisepsis。

油漆最初用于木材防腐。

Later it became an architectural ornament.

后来，它成为了一种建筑装饰。

In feudal society, the use of colorful paint was restricted according to strict social stratifications.

在封建社会，彩绘的使用受到严格的社会等级的限制。

Usually, a gold powder or foil dragon or phoenix painted on a green background gives the

structure a sense of nobility.

通常，在绿色的背景上画上金粉或金箔的龙或凤凰，给人一种高贵的感觉。

These are the main features of traditional Chinese architecture. 这些是中国传统

建筑的主要特点。

Do you still remember the first picture I present to you in this section?

你还记得我在这个部分给你展示的第一张图片吗?

The panoramic picture of the Forbidden City.

紫禁城的全景图。

All these features can be seen in the Forbidden City.

所有这些特点都可以在紫禁城看到。

Usually, the imperial architecture represented the highest architectural techniques and aesthetic

standard.

通常，皇家建筑代表最高的建筑技术和审美标准。

Emperors of different dynasties built palaces where they lived and administered their reign, such

as Xianyang Palace and Efang Palace of Qin Dynasty, Weiyang Palace of Han Dynasty and

Daming Palace of Tang Dynasty.

历代皇帝都会建筑供自己居住和处理事务的宫殿，如秦朝的咸阳宫和阿房宫，汉朝的未央

宫和唐代的大明宫。

Sadly, most of them were ruined.

遗憾的是，他们中的大多数人在战争中被毁了。

The Forbidden City was the only imperial palace complex that can be seen by people of nowadays.

故宫是现在人们唯一能看到的故宫建筑群。

Ok, so much of this section.

好了，这部分就讲到这里。

Let’s have a little review.

让我们复习一下。

In today’s video, we have learnt the features the Chinese traditional architecture.

今天的视频中，我们学习了中国传统建筑的特点。

Thank you for watching. Hope you’ve enjoyed it, and see you next video.

感谢收看。希望大家喜欢，下次再见。