2023年7月30日发(作者：)

达梦数据库⾼效备份恢复策略前⾔数据库备份是 DBA ⽇常最重要的⼯作内容。备份的主要⽬的是数据容灾，保证数据的安全性，在数据库发⽣故障时，通过还原备份集，将数据恢复到可⽤状态。⼀、备份还原⼯具Disql ⼯具：联机数据备份与还原，包括库备份（不包括库还原，全库还原需使⽤dmrman脱机还原）、表空间备份与还原、表备份与还原；DMRMAN ⼯具：脱机数据库备份还原与恢复；客户端⼯具 MANAGER和CONSOLE：对应命令⾏⼯具DIsql和DMRMAN的功能，分别⽤于联机和脱机备份还原数据。⼆、脱机备份恢复（使⽤dmrman）1.数据库启动DMAP服务前台启动服务：bin]$ ./dmapdmap V8dmap is ready使⽤AP服务启动：bin]$ ./DmAPService startStarting DmAPService: [ OK ][dmdba@cs7-04 bin]$ ps -ef | grep dmapdmdba 3156 1 1 16:11 pts/0 00:00:00 /dm8/bin/dmap2.源库脱机备份./dmrman ctlstmt="backup database '/dmdata/dmdb/' to backup_file_01 backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/backup_file_01'"

或者登录到dmrman./dmrmanRMAN>backup database '/dmdata/dmdb/' to backup_file_01 backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/backup_file_01'3.⽬标库还原恢复1）⾸先初始化数据库实例bin]$ ./dminit path=/dmdata/dmdb2）拷贝主库的备份集scp -r backup_file_01 dmdba@192.168.55.10:/dmdata/dmbak3）启动DMAP服务./dmap4）还原数据到备库bin]$./dmrman ctlstmt="restore database '/dmdata/dmdb/DAMENG/' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/backup_file_01'"5）恢复数据到备库bin]$./dmrman ctlstmt="recover database '/dmdata/dmdb/DAMENG/' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/backup_file_01'"6)更新db_magic，MD8要求各个实例的db_magic不同bin]$./dmrman ctlstmt="recover database '/dmdata/dmdb/DAMENG/' update db_magic"4.在线备份（使⽤disql）1）⾸先启动归档并配置归档路径–查看归档启动状态 select arch_mode from v$database;⽅法 database mount;alter database add archivelog 'DEST = /dmdata/arch, TYPE = local,FILE_SIZE = 512, SPACE_LIMIT = 2048';–⾃动⽣成对应归档⽬录alter database archivelog;alter database open;⽅法2.修改参数ARCH_INI=1在数据⽂件⽬录下创建[ARCHIVE_LOCAL1] ARCH_TYPE = LOCAL

ARCH_DEST = /dmarch

ARCH_FILE_SIZE = 512

ARCH_SPACE_LIMIT = 20480⽅法3.通过manager 管理⼯具-管理服务器，修改数据状态 ，添加归档即可。2）在线备份数据库SQL> backup database backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/db_full_bak_01';检查备份⽂件：SQL> select sf_bakset_check('DISK','/dmdata/dmbak/db_full_bak_01');5.增量备份恢复–原库在线增量备份SQL> backup database increment with backupdir '/dmdata/dmbak' backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/db_increment_bak_01';–拷贝备份集到备库$ scp -r db_increment_bak_01 dmdba@192.168.55.8:/dmdata/dmbak/–⽬标库脱机增量恢复还原（覆盖式恢复）RMAN> restore database '/dmdata/DAMENG/' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/db_increment_bak_01'RMAN> recover database '/dmdata/DAMENG/' from backupset '/dmdata/dmbak/db_increment_bak_01'6.表空间备份恢复表空间只能在联机模式下进⾏备份，脱机模式进⾏还原restore database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/' tablespace DMHR from backupset '/dm8/backup';

recover database '/dm8/data/DAMENG/' tablespace DMHR;