2023年7月17日发(作者：)

消化系统-英文

消化管Digestiv e tract

上消化道upper digestiv e tract

下消化道lower digestiv e tract

消化腺Digestiv e gland

大型消化腺large digestiv e gland

小型消化腺small digestiv e gland

咽pharynx

食管esophagu s

十二指肠duodenun 空肠jejunum 回肠ileum

阑尾appendix 黏膜Mucosa

上皮Epitheli um

固有层Lamina propria

黏膜肌层Muscular is mucosa

黏膜下层Submucos a

疏松结缔组织L.C.T

骨骼肌Skeletal muscle

平滑肌Smooth muscle

纤维膜Fibrosa 浆 膜Serosa 绒毛villi

黏膜下腺Subucosa glands

黏膜下神经丛Submucos a nerve plexus

皱襞Plicae

肌间神经丛Myenteri c nerve plexus

纤维膜Fibrosa

食管腺Esophage al gland

纵行皱襞Plicae 贲门cadia 胃底fundus 胃体body

幽门pylorus

胃底腺cadiac gland

贲门腺pyloric gland 幽门腺fundic gland

胃黏膜屏障Stomach-mucosal barrier

胃小凹gastric pit

壁细胞parietal cell

泌酸细胞oxyntic cell

主细胞chief cell

胃酶细胞zymogeni c cell

颈黏液细胞neck mucous cell

内分泌细胞endocrin e cell

未分化细胞undiffer entiated cell

吸收细胞absorpti ve cell

微绒毛Microvil li

纹状缘striated border

潘氏细胞Paneth cell

未分化细胞undiffen tiated cell

内分泌细胞endocrin e cell

吸收细胞absorpti ve cell

杯状细胞goblet cell

有孔毛细血管fenestra ted capillar y

中央乳糜管central lacteal

散在平滑肌diffuse smooth muscle

肠相关淋巴组织gut-associat ed lymphoid tissue , GALT

弥散淋巴组织diffuse lymphoid tissue

孤立淋巴小结isolated lymphoid nodules

集合淋巴小结accumula ted lymphoid nodules

M细胞-微皱褶细胞Microfol d cell

胃肠道内分泌细胞Endocrin e cells of the gastrain testinal tract

基底颗粒细胞basal granular cell

大唾液腺large salivary glands

腮腺pirotid gland 颌下腺submandi bular gland

舌下腺sublingu al gland

复管泡状腺tubuloac inar glands

腺泡acini 导管ducts

混合性腺泡Serous acinus

浆液性腺泡Mucous acinus

黏液性腺泡Mixed acinus

闰管Intercal ated duct

纹状管Striated duct

胰岛pancreat icislet

泡心细胞centroac inar

cell

肝小叶hepatic lobule

胆小管bile canalicu lus

肝血窦hepatic sinusoid

贮脂细胞Fat-storing cell

食管狭窄Esophagu s stenosis

食管闭锁Esophagu s

atresia

生理性脐疝Physiolo gical umbilica l hernia

消化管狭窄Digestiv e tract stenosis

消化管闭锁Digestiv e tract atresia

先天脐疝al umbilica l hernia

卵黄蒂瘘（脐粪瘘）Viteline fistula( umbilica l fistula)

回肠憩室（Meckel憩室）Meckel divertic ulum

不通肛imperfor ate anus

先天巨结肠Congenic al megacolo n

胆道闭锁Hepatic biliary atresia

机械消化Mechanic al digestio n

化学消化Chemical digestio n 慢波Slow waves

基本电节律basal electric al rhythm,B ER

Cajal 细胞intersti tial cells of Cajal (ICC)

蠕动Propulsi ve peristal sis

逆蠕动Reverse peristal sis (antipro pulsion

集团运动Mass movement s

分节运动Nonpropu lsive segmenta tion

袋状运动Haustrat ion

移行性复合运动Migratin g motor complex

袋状往返运动haustral shuttlin g

头相刺激Cephalic phase

胃相刺激Gastric phase

肠相刺激Intestin al phase

胺前体摄取和脱羧细胞APUD(ami ne precurso r uptake and

decarbox ylation) cells

吞咽困难Dysphagi a

容受性扩张receptiv e relaxati on

紧张性收缩Tonic contract ions

刷边酶Brush border enzymes

胃肠激素gastroin testinal hormone

旁分泌paracrin e

神经内分泌neurocri ne

管腔分泌solinocr ine

自分泌autocrin e

营养作用tropic action

咀嚼masticat ion

餐后碱潮postpran dial alkaline tide

黏液-碳酸氢盐屏障mucus-bicarbon ate barrier

适应性细胞保护作用adaptive cytoprot ection

呕吐vomiting 血糖指数glycemic index，GI

生物转化作用Biotrans formatio n

肝功能衰竭hepatic failure

胃炎Gastriti s

消化性溃疡Chronic peptic ulcer

病毒性肝炎Viral hepatiti s

点状坏死spotty necrosis

碎片状坏死Piecemea l necrosis

桥接坏死bridging necrosis

毛玻璃样肝细胞grounded hepetocy te

酒精性肝病Alcoholi c liver disease

肝硬化cirrhosi

s

假小叶pseudolo bule

门脉性肝硬变portal cirrhosi s

黄疸jaundice

坏死后性肝硬变postnecr otic cirrhosi s

胆汁性肝硬变biliary crirrhos is

胃癌carcinom a of stomach

早期胃癌early gastric carcinom a

革囊胃linitis plastica

食管癌carcinom a of esophagu s

溃疡性结肠炎Ulcerati ve

colitis ， UC

腹痛Abdomina l Pain

呕血黑便Hemateme sis and Hematoch ezia

腹泻Diarrhea

内脏痛Visceral pain

躯体痛Somatic pain

牵涉痛Referred pain 呕血Hemateme sis

黑便Melena

便血Hematoch ezia

粪便隐血occult

blood

溶血性黄疸Hemolyti c Jaundice

肝性黄疸Hepatic Jaundice

梗阻性黄疸Obstruct ive Jaundice (Cholest asis)

先天性黄疸Congenit al Jaundice

两侧肋弓下缘连线the lowest border of the costal margin

两侧髂前上棘连线the anterior superior iliac spine

腹部平坦Abdomina l flatness

腹部饱满abdomina l fullness

腹部低平abdomina l lowness

腹部膨隆abdomina l protuber ance (bulge)

腹部凹陷Abdomina l concavit y/ retracti on

腹腔积液Peritone al fluid

腹腔积气Peritone al air

全腹凹陷overall abdomina l

retracti on

舟状腹Scaphoid abdomen

Cullen征Cullen sign

Grey-Turner征Grey-Turner sign

腹壁静脉曲张abdomina l wall varicosi s

肠鸣音bowel sound

腹水检测ascites

移动性浊音shifting dullness

液波震颤fluid wave

肘膝卧位水坑实验elbow-knee position ( puddle test)

巨大卵巢囊肿Huge ovarian cyst 尺压实验Ruler pressing test

反跳痛rebound tenderne ss

板状腹Board-like rigidity

液波震颤Fluid wave thrill

西米替丁cimetidi ne

雷尼替丁ranitidi ne

奥美拉唑omeprazo le

硫糖铝sucralfa te

5-氨基水杨酸5-aminosal icylic acid

水飞蓟素silymari n

熊去氧胆酸ursodeso xycholic acid

奥曲肽octreoti de