2023年7月3日发(作者：)

certutil命令详解linux命令之certutil及mailx配置1、certutil命令简介certutil 是 Mozzila 基⾦会 发布⽤于管理 Netscape Communicator 与 格式的安全数据库⽂件的命令⾏⼯具，⽤于列出，⽣成，修改和删除证书和更改证书密码，⽣成新的公共和私有密钥对。显⽰密钥证书内容，或删除 ⾥的密钥对。参见《使⽤安全模型数据库⼯具》（英⽂），以获得更多关于安全模型数据库的信息，这⾥主要简单的介绍⼀下Certutil ⼯具的使⽤⽅法。1.1 语法所有命令可参见系统⾃带帮助，通俗易懂。certutil(选项)(参数)[root@localhost lftshell]# certutil -H-A Add a certificate to the database (create if needed) All options under -E apply-B Run a series of certutil commands from a batch file -i batch-file Specify the batch file-E Add an Email certificate to the database (create if needed) -n cert-name Specify the nickname of the certificate to add -t trustargs Set the certificate trust attributes: trustargs is of the form x,y,z where x is for SSL, y is for S/MIME, and z is for code signing. Use ,, for no explicit trust. p prohibited (explicitly distrusted) P trusted peer c valid CA T trusted CA to issue client certs (implies c) C trusted CA to issue server certs (implies c) u user cert w send warning g make step-up cert -f pwfile Specify the password file -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -a The input certificate is encoded in ASCII (RFC1113) -i input Specify the certificate file (default is stdin)-C Create a new binary certificate from a BINARY cert request -c issuer-name The nickname of the issuer cert -i cert-request The BINARY certificate request file -o output-cert Output binary cert to this file (default is stdout) -x Self sign -m serial-number Cert serial number -w warp-months Time Warp -v months-valid Months valid (default is 3) -f pwfile Specify the password file -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -1 | --keyUsage keyword,keyword,...

Create key usage extension. Possible keywords: "digitalSignature", "nonRepudiation", "keyEncipherment", "dataEncipherment", "keyAgreement", "certSigning", "crlSigning", "critical" -2 Create basic constraint extension -3 Create authority key ID extension -4 Create crl distribution point extension -5 | --nsCertType keyword,keyword,...

Create netscape cert type extension. Possible keywords: "sslClient", "sslServer", "smime", "objectSigning", "sslCA", "smimeCA", "objectSigningCA", "critical". -6 | --extKeyUsage keyword,keyword,...

Create extended key usage extension. Possible keywords: "serverAuth", "clientAuth","codeSigning", "serverAuth", "clientAuth","codeSigning", "emailProtection", "timeStamp","ocspResponder", "stepUp", "msTrustListSign", "critical" -7 emailAddrs Create an email subject alt name extension -8 dnsNames Create an dns subject alt name extension -a The input certificate request is encoded in ASCII (RFC1113)-G Generate a new key pair -h token-name Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal) -k key-type Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default)) -g key-size Key size in bits, (min 512, max 8192, default 1024) (not for ec) -y exp Set the public exponent value (3, 17, 65537) (rsa only) -f password-file Specify the password file -z noisefile Specify the noise file to be used -q pqgfile read PQG value from pqgfile (dsa only) -q curve-name Elliptic curve name (ec only) One of nistp256, nistp384, nistp521 sect163k1, nistk163, sect163r1, sect163r2, nistb163, sect193r1, sect193r2, sect233k1, nistk233, sect233r1, nistb233, sect239k1, sect283k1, nistk283, sect283r1, nistb283, sect409k1, nistk409, sect409r1, nistb409, sect571k1, nistk571, sect571r1, nistb571, secp160k1, secp160r1, secp160r2, secp192k1, secp192r1, nistp192, secp224k1, secp224r1, nistp224, secp256k1, secp256r1, secp384r1, secp521r1, prime192v1, prime192v2, prime192v3,

prime239v1, prime239v2, prime239v3, c2pnb163v1,

c2pnb163v2, c2pnb163v3, c2pnb176v1, c2tnb191v1,

c2tnb191v2, c2tnb191v3,

c2pnb208w1, c2tnb239v1, c2tnb239v2, c2tnb239v3,

c2pnb272w1, c2pnb304w1,

c2tnb359w1, c2pnb368w1, c2tnb431r1, secp112r1,

secp112r2, secp128r1, secp128r2, sect113r1, sect113r2 sect131r1, sect131r2 -d keydir Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix --keyAttrFlags attrflags PKCS #11 key Attributes. Comma separated list of key attribute attribute flags, selected from the following list of choices: {token | session} {public | private} {sensitive | insensitive} {modifiable | unmodifiable} {extractable | unextractable} --keyOpFlagsOn opflags --keyOpFlagsOff opflags PKCS #11 key Operation Flags. Comma separated list of one or more of the following: encrypt, decrypt, sign, sign_recover, verify, verify_recover, wrap, unwrap, derive-D Delete a certificate from the database -n cert-name The nickname of the cert to delete -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix-F Delete a key from the database -n cert-name The nickname of the key to delete -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix-U List all modules -d moddir Module database directory (default is '~/.netscape') -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -X force the database to open R/W-K List all private keys -h token-name Name of token to search ("all" for all tokens) -k key-type Key type ("all" (default), "dsa", "ec", "rsa") -n name The nickname of the key or associated certificate -f password-file Specify the password file -d keydir Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -X force the database to open R/W-L List all certs, or print out a single named cert (or a subset)-L List all certs, or print out a single named cert (or a subset) -n cert-name Pretty print named cert (list all if unspecified) --email email-address

Pretty print cert with email address (list all if unspecified) -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -X force the database to open R/W -r For single cert, print binary DER encoding -a For single cert, print ASCII encoding (RFC1113) --dump-ext-val OID

For single cert, print binary DER encoding of extension OID-M Modify trust attributes of certificate -n cert-name The nickname of the cert to modify -t trustargs Set the certificate trust attributes (see -A above) -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix-N Create a new certificate database -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix --empty-password use empty password when creating a new database-T Reset the Key database or token -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -h token-name Token to reset (default is internal) -0 SSO-password Set token's Site Security Officer password-O Print the chain of a certificate -n cert-name The nickname of the cert to modify -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -a Input the certificate in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binary -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -X force the database to open R/W-R Generate a certificate request (stdout) -s subject Specify the subject name (using RFC1485) -o output-req Output the cert request to this file -k key-type-or-id Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default)) or nickname of the cert key to use

-h token-name Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal) -g key-size Key size in bits, RSA keys only (min 512, max 8192, default 1024) -q pqgfile Name of file containing PQG parameters (dsa only) -q curve-name Elliptic curve name (ec only) See the "-G" option for a full list of supported names. -f pwfile Specify the password file -d keydir Key database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -p phone Specify the contact phone number ("123-456-7890") -a Output the cert request in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binary See -S for available extension options

See -G for available key flag options

-V Validate a certificate -n cert-name The nickname of the cert to Validate -b time validity time ("YYMMDDHHMMSS[+HHMM|-HHMM|Z]") -e Check certificate signature

-u certusage Specify certificate usage: C SSL Client V SSL Server L SSL CA A Any CA Y Verify CA S Email signer R Email Recipient O OCSP status responder J Object signer -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -a Input the certificate in ASCII (RFC1113); default is binary -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -X force the database to open R/W-W Change the key database password-W Change the key database password -d certdir cert and key database directory -f pwfile Specify a file with the current password -@ newpwfile Specify a file with the new password in two lines--upgrade-merge Upgrade an old database and merge it into a new one -d certdir Cert database directory to merge into (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix of the target database -f pwfile Specify the password file for the target database --source-dir certdir

Cert database directory to upgrade from --source-prefix dbprefix

Cert & Key database prefix of the upgrade database --upgrade-id uniqueID

Unique identifier for the upgrade database --upgrade-token-name name

Name of the token while it is in upgrade state -@ pwfile Specify the password file for the upgrade database--merge Merge source database into the target database -d certdir Cert database directory of target (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix of the target database -f pwfile Specify the password file for the target database --source-dir certdir

Cert database directory of the source database --source-prefix dbprefix

Cert & Key database prefix of the source database -@ pwfile Specify the password file for the source database-S Make a certificate and add to database -n key-name Specify the nickname of the cert -s subject Specify the subject name (using RFC1485) -c issuer-name The nickname of the issuer cert -t trustargs Set the certificate trust attributes (see -A above) -k key-type-or-id Type of key pair to generate ("dsa", "ec", "rsa" (default)) -h token-name Name of token in which to generate key (default is internal) -g key-size Key size in bits, RSA keys only (min 512, max 8192, default 1024) -q pqgfile Name of file containing PQG parameters (dsa only) -q curve-name Elliptic curve name (ec only) See the "-G" option for a full list of supported names. -x Self sign -m serial-number Cert serial number -w warp-months Time Warp -v months-valid Months valid (default is 3) -f pwfile Specify the password file -d certdir Cert database directory (default is ~/.netscape) -P dbprefix Cert & Key database prefix -p phone Specify the contact phone number ("123-456-7890") -1 Create key usage extension -2 Create basic constraint extension -3 Create authority key ID extension -4 Create crl distribution point extension -5 Create netscape cert type extension -6 Create extended key usage extension -7 emailAddrs Create an email subject alt name extension -8 DNS-names Create a DNS subject alt name extension --extAIA Create an Authority Information Access extension --extSIA Create a Subject Information Access extension --extCP Create a Certificate Policies extension --extPM Create a Policy Mappings extension --extPC Create a Policy Constraints extension --extIA Create an Inhibit Any Policy extension --extSKID Create a subject key ID extension See -G for available key flag options

--extNC Create a name constraints extension --extSAN type:name[,type:name]...

Create a Subject Alt Name extension with one or multiple names - type: directory, dn, dns, edi, ediparty, email, ip, ipaddr, other, registerid, rfc822, uri, x400, x400addr --extGeneric OID:critical-flag:filename[,OID:critical-flag:filename]...

Add one or multiple extensions that certutil cannot encode yet, by loading their encodings from external files. - OID (example): 1.2.3.4 - OID (example): 1.2.3.4 - critical-flag: critical or not-critical - filename: full path to a file containing an encoded extension1.2 部分使⽤1.2.1 ⽣成新的安全数据库在指定的⽬录certdir⾥⽣成新的安全数据库⽂件，如果要⽣成 ⽂件，你需要⽤到“密钥数据⼯具”或其他指定的⼯具：certutil -N -d certdir1.2.2 列出安全数据库中的证书列出指定的⽬录certdir的所有证书：certutil -L -d certdir1.2.3 创建证书⼀个有效的证书必须是受信任的根CA颁发的，如果⼀个CA密钥对⽆效，你可以⽤参数 -x 创建⼀个⾃签名证书（⽬的是为了颁发）。本例在指定的⽬录 certdir 中创建⼀个名为 myissuer 的⾃签名证书：certutil -S -s "CN=My Issuer" -n myissuer -x -t "C,C,C" -1 -2 -5 -m 1234 -f password-file -d certdir1.2.4 添加证书到数据库中添加⼀个证书到证书数据库中：certutil -A -n jsmith@ -t "p,p,p" -i -d certdir1.3 配置mailx的实例使⽤1、编辑mail的配置⽂件[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/ from=spendemail@ # 发送邮件后显⽰的邮件发送⽅set smtp= # qq smtp邮件服务器set smtp-auth-user=youremail@ # 你的qq邮箱set smtp-auth-password=yourpass # 你的qq邮箱密码（设置页⾯加密后的授权码）set smtp-auth=login # 动作、登录set smtp-use-starttls # 安全连接传输set ssl-verify=ignore # 忽略ssl验证set nss-config-dir=/root/.certs # 证书路径2、添加邮箱证书到本地# 创建证书⽬录[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /root/.certs/# 获取证书内容（可分开执⾏查看过程）

[root@localhost ~]# echo -n | openssl s_client -connect :465 | sed -ne '/-BEGIN CERTIFICATE-/,/-END CERTIFICATE-/p' > ~/.certs/# 添加证书到数据库[root@localhost ~]# certutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/[root@localhost ~]# certutil -A -n "GeoTrust Global CA" -t "C,," -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/# 列出指定⽬录下的证书[root@localhost ~]# certutil -L -d /root/.certs# 指明受新⼈证书、防报错[root@localhost ~]# certutil -A -n "GeoTrust SSL CA - G3" -t "Pu,Pu,Pu" -d ~/.certs -i ~/.certs/