2023年6月27日发(作者：)

THEREGULATIONOFARCHITECTUREINTHEUNITEDSTATESThe Regulation Of Architecture In The United StatesNational Council of Architectural Registration Boards1735 New York Avenue, NW, Suite 700Washington, DC 20006(202) s document was published in August 2NATIONAL COUNCIL OF ARCHITECTURAL 2THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE 3ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGIATE SCHOOLS 4NATIONAL ARCHITECTURAL 4THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF 5THEREGULATIONOFARCHITECTUREINTHEUNITEDSTATESINTRODUCTIONBy describing the responsibilities of the five principalorganizations dealing with the practice of architecturein the United States, we hope to dispel confusion in theminds of architects from abroad dealing with organiza-tions that facilitate the practice of architecture in thiscountry. In the United States, the right to practicearchitecture and the right to use the title “architect” aregranted by state registration boards and no one National Council of Architectural RegistrationBoards is the national agency representing those stateboards and works with its member boards to establishregistration or licensing respect to the registration process, each of thefive organizations plays an important supporting American Institute of Architects, for example,fosters among its member firms necessary support forstructured intern training. The Association of CollegiateSchools of Architecture represents the institutions thateducate future architects, and the NationalArchitectural Accrediting Board accredits those institu-tions (most state boards require a degree in architecturefrom an accredited program as a precondition to regis-tration). The American Institute of ArchitectureStudents represents future architects across the nationand, in that capacity, critically observes and assesses theregistration al Council of Architectural RegistrationBoards (NCARB)NCARB is the federation of the state registrationboards of the United States. Its only members are thoseboards. Each state and territory in the United States hasa governmental authority that registers and regulatesarchitects. Typically, the authority is vested in a StateBoard of Architecture comprised of architects and laypersons appointed to the board by the governor of thestate. Without registration issued by the state board, noone may engage in the practice of architecture nor usethe title “architect” within that state. In addition toissuing registration to persons the state board considersqualified to practice architecture, the state boards watchover the practice of architecture within their stateboundaries and discipline architects whose practice doesnot meet minimum standards of professional conductestablished by the board. Note that in the United Statesthe state laws governing the practice of architecture are2both “title” and “practice” statutes. With only minorexceptions, no one may engage in acts that constitutearchitectural practice without first being registered.(The statutes typically define the activities that consti-tute architectural practice.) In addition, no one may usethe title “architect” or advertise his or her services as anarchitect or otherwise represent himself or herself to bean architect without first being registered. The statesand territories (and not the federal government) controlthese matters. The federal government in Washingtonhas very little influence on the laws governing architec-tural , in 1920, it became evident to the stateboards that many architects conducted their practice inseveral states and, therefore, needed to obtain registra-tion from several state boards, the state boards decidedto create a national system for identifying qualifiedarchitects. Once identified and certified as qualified,those architects would be readily granted a registrationin any United States jurisdiction. This scheme,conceived by the state boards working together, gaverise to the organization of the National Council ofArchitectural Registration Boards (NCARB).NCARB is not a governmental agency, but it is afederation of all the state boards that register andgovern the practice of architecture. The state boardsformulate the rules and policies of NCARB and electNCARB’s officers and directors. Working with the stateboards, NCARB establishes national standards for certi-fying qualified architects. Those standards have beenrecognized by every state board as adequately rigorousto allow the state board to register the NCARBCertificate holder generally without further examina-tion or other demonstration of his national certification system has workedbecause the standards applied by NCARB are largelythe same standards applied by each state board in judg-ing an applicant for registration. Every state board usesthe NCARB Architect Registration Examination (ARE)as its written examination to test the skills, knowledge,and abilities of applicants for registration. NCARB, ofcourse, similarly requires its candidates for certificationto have passed the ARE. NCARB requires candidatesfor certification to have completed an internship (theIntern Development Program or “IDP”), whichincludes specific accomplishments. Most state boardssimilarly require IDP. NCARB requires a degree accred-THEREGULATIONOFARCHITECTUREited by the National Architectural Accreditation Boardin the study of architecture; most state boards exact thesame e this national certification system hasworked so well for so many years, American architectsseek work in many states other than their base state andare able to obtain registration in other states with success of the system requires the close cooperationof the state boards and NCARB. Over the years, stateboards have been willing to bring their requirements forregistration in line with NCARB’s certification stan-dards. NCARB, for its part, modifies its standards inresponse to pressure from its state boards. As an exam-ple, until the late 1970s very few states required anaccredited degree. Then a number of states decided thatthe public would be better served if a degree require-ment were enacted. Effective 1984, NCARB, in turn,required an accredited degree for fter, many of the remaining states enacted adegree requirement. While architecture is regulated on astate-by-state basis, there is a healthy appreciation foruniform standards among the addition to setting the standards for nationalcertification, NCARB recommends to the state boardsrules of conduct that a majority of the state boards haveadopted as their own rules and which serve as a basisfor disciplining architects. Several state boards havemade continuing professional development a require-ment for registration renewal. NCARB produces educa-tional monographs to enhance a practicing architect’slifetime learning process and enable registrants to meettheir state board requirements. NCARB publishes fromtime to time legislative guidelines which advise statelegislatures on how a state board may best operate andpublishes white papers dealing with important regula-tory issues affecting the practice of architecture.

NCARB serves as the United States “spokesperson”when representatives from other nations seek bilateralaccords or inter-recognition agreements to facilitatearchitectural practice between nations. When the stan-dards of another nation are comparable in all respectsto those required by NCARB for certification, NCARBhas been willing to explore with that other nation theestablishment of an inter-recognition agreementwhereby architects from the other nation may becomeNCARB Certificate holders and existing NCARBCertificate holders may, in return, practice in the otherINTHEUNITEDSTATESnation. Such an agreement exists with Canada.

When the requirements of another nation havesome similar and some dissimilar aspects, NCARB hasbeen willing to explore bilateral accords with the othernation where architects from the other nation aregranted the opportunity to practice in the United Statesby affiliating with a U.S. any case, neither citizenship nor residency isrequired in order to obtain the NCARB Certificate. Anon-U.S. person who meets NCARB’s standards mayobtain the Certificate. In many cases, education andtraining outside the United States are fully credited byNCARB. To practice in the U.S., an architect must beregistered, and only a state board has that holder of an NCARB Certificate will ordinarilyfind it a simple matter to obtain registration in American Institute of Architects (AIA)In the United States, the AIA is the principal profes-sional organization. Membership is open to all regis-tered architects on a voluntary basis and to other inter-ested citizens. Nearly one-half of the registered archi-tects in the United States are members of d in 1857, AIA exists, according to its by-laws, “to organize and unite the profession in fellow-ship; to promote the profession of architecture includ-ing its aesthetic, scientific, and practical efficiency; toadvance the science and art of planning and building;to coordinate the building industry; and to make theprofession of ever-increasing service to society.”Acting collectively through the AIA, architects canaffect public and private decisions about the built envi-ronment in the United States. AIA is the most powerfulvoice speaking on behalf of architects in legislative hallsat the state and national levels. AIA also works closelywith the Executive Branch of the federal governmenton matters relating to architecture. By publishing thestandard contract forms used by owners, contractors,and architects, AIA shapes the principal relationships inthe construction industry in encourages research about architecture andwatches closely the academies teaching architecture tothe young. AIA acts as one of the three organizations(with NCARB and ACSA) funding and supporting theacademic accreditation process. From time to time, aswith AIA’s Handbook of Professional Practice, AIA pays3THEREGULATIONOFARCHITECTUREINTHEUNITEDSTATESfor the development of course material that schools ofarchitecture use in their curriculum. AIA has estab-lished a national system for advising and mentoringinterns who are being trained in architectural firmsacross the is the official voice of American architects inthe deliberations of the Union Internationale desArchitects and the Pan-American Federation ofArchitects’ Associations. It has played a significant rolein advising its sister organization, NCARB, in thedevelopment of agreements leading to the free flow ofarchitectural services across national is a voluntary organization in the service of itsmembers. Throughout its history, AIA has recognizedthat the best interests of its membership lie in advanc-ing the public good. Thus, while a private non-govern-mental organization, AIA is dedicated to achievingbroad social ation of Collegiate Schools of Architecture(ACSA)Founded in 1912, the ACSA’s purpose is to advance thequality of architectural education. It has 200 memberschools, including all of the accredited degree programsin the United States and Canada and many schoolswithout accredited holds a series of meetings every year toprovide an opportunity for architecture facultymembers to present papers on architectural theory,research, and teaching. In addition, ACSA sponsorscontinuing education programs to assist facultymembers to stay abreast of changes in architecturalpractice and teaching helps to fund NAAB and participates on theaccreditation visiting teams. ACSA sponsors awards todistinguished teachers in schools of architecture andsponsors design competitions for students in thoseschools. Since 1947, ACSA has published the Journal ofArchitectural Education, the only juried journal inNorth America dedicated to architectural g with the AIA, ACSA fosters research in thefield of architecture. That research benefits both thearchitectural curriculum and the profession of architec-ture.4National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB)Most state registration boards require an accrediteddegree in architecture before registering an than each state board deciding which programssatisfy that requirement, the boards rely on NAAB’saccreditation process. Many state statutes and the regu-lations of all state boards explicitly refer to “a degreeprogram accredited by NAAB.”Note that the institution is not accredited; rather,it is the program of study leading to a degree which isaccredited. Many institutions with accredited degreeprograms also offer degrees in architectural studieswhich are not accredited. If one’s objective is to qualifyfor registration, it is important to ascertain that theprogram of study you intend to pursue is establishes general criteria by whichprograms are evaluated. Currently, it publishes 37 areasof knowledge or ability that it expects a satisfactoryprogram to include. The curriculum of a satisfactoryprogram must include both general studies and profes-sional studies that together compose a liberal educationin accrediting process requires that the institu-tion engage in a self-assessment. NAAB then reviewsand evaluates the self-assessment and sends a team tothe institution’s campus to do an on-site examination ofits program, faculty, and student body. The visitationteam typically comprises persons recommended by AIA,AIAS, NCARB, and ACSA, as well as an NAAB repre-sentative. The team makes its recommendation to theNAAB Board of Directors, which has the final decisionas to whether or not to accredit the was founded in 1940 by AIA and tly, its members are the AIA, NCARB, ACSA,and AIAS. AIA, NCARB, and ACSA each nominatesthree directors to NAAB’s Board; AIAS nominates twodirectors. In addition, the board has two memberschosen from the public. NAAB’s funding is sharedequally by AIA, NCARB, and ACSA. In recent years,NCARB has asked NAAB to examine ms in order to give NCARB a basis for decidingif the architectural education in another country iscomparable to our own. Ascertaining that anothercountry’s architectural education is at least as rigorousas those programs accredited in the United Statesfurnishes a basis for exploring an arrangement with theother country for reciprocal registration. THEREGULATIONOFARCHITECTUREINTHEUNITEDSTATESThe American Institute of Architecture Students(AIAS)As the largest American organization for students ofarchitecture, AIAS represents over 5,000 ’ mission statement includes organizing architec-ture students to combine their efforts to advance the artand science of architecture and promote excellence inarchitectural education, training, and practice.

AIAS deals with issues respecting the education,training, and examination of future architects. Forexample, AIAS has been in the forefront of an effort toensure that interns training to be architects areadequately compensated and that the conditions oftheir employment conform to the requirements of works with AIA and NCARB to improve thementoring of future architects.

AIAS has been assigned a seat on the NAAB Boardof Directors, giving students a voice in the accreditationprocess. A representative of AIAS participates on everyNAAB team visiting an institution for also has a representative on the ACSA Board ofDirectors and on the AIA Board of Directors.

Provided below is contact information for each ofthe five al Council of Architectural RegistrationBoards (NCARB)

1735 New York Avenue, NWSuite 700Washington, DC 20006202/783-6500202/783-0290 American Institute of Architects (AIA)1735 New York Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20006202/626-7300202/626-7425 ociation of Collegiate Schools of

Architecture (ACSA)1735 New York Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20006202/785-2324202/628-0448 ional Architectural Accrediting Board

(NAAB)1735 New York Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20006202/783-2007202/783-2822 American Institute of Architecture

Students (AIAS)1735 New York Avenue, NWWashington, DC 20006202/626-7363202/626-7414 5