2023年6月26日发(作者：)

Rockie’s Android Porting Guide

Rockie Cheng（阿虚）

aokikyon@

/aokikyon

Rockie's Android Porting Guide（1）——Build your own board

（1）在android跟目录下执行

. build/

（2）建立自己的board

copy build/target/board/generic to build/target/board/idea6410

修改build/target/product/,添加

$(LOCAL_DIR)/

copy build/target/product/ to build/target/product/

修改

# Overrides

PRODUCT_BRAND := idea6410

PRODUCT_DEVICE := idea6410

PRODUCT_NAME := idea6410

（3）tapas

[kyon@SEP4020 android2.0]$ tapas

Build for the simulator or the device?

1. Device

2. Simulator

Which would you like? [1]

Build type choices are:

1. release

2. debug

Which would you like? [1] 1

Which product would you like? [generic] idea6410

Variant choices are:

1. user 2. userdebug

3. eng

Which would you like? [eng]

============================================

PLATFORM_VERSION_CODENAME=Eclair

PLATFORM_VERSION=Eclair

TARGET_PRODUCT=idea6410

TARGET_BUILD_VARIANT=eng

TARGET_SIMULATOR=false

TARGET_BUILD_TYPE=release

TARGET_ARCH=arm

HOST_ARCH=x86

HOST_OS=linux

HOST_BUILD_TYPE=release

BUILD_ID=ECLAIR

============================================

[kyon@SEP4020 android2.0]$

以上只是基于generic简单的复制，需要更详细的定制开发板设备

附录：

1）build/target/product/内容

# This is a generic product that isn't specialized for a specific device.

# It includes the base Android platform. If you need Google-specific features,

# you should derive from generic_with_

PRODUCT_PACKAGES :=

AccountAndSyncSettings

AlarmClock

AlarmProvider

Bluetooth

Calculator

Calendar

Camera

CertInstaller

DrmProvider

Email

Gallery

LatinIME

Mms

Music

Settings Sync

Updater

CalendarProvider

SyncProvider

$(call inherit-product, $(SRC_TARGET_DIR)/product/)

# Overrides

PRODUCT_BRAND := idea6410

PRODUCT_DEVICE := idea6410

PRODUCT_NAME := idea6410

产品名称及包含的应用程序

2）build/target/board/idea6410/

#

#

# Product-specific compile-time definitions.

#

# The generic product target doesn't have any hardware-specific pieces.

TARGET_NO_BOOTLOADER := true

TARGET_NO_KERNEL := true

TARGET_CPU_ABI := armeabi

HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true

BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true

不编译bootloader及内核

使用arm eabi编译器

使用HTC和通用音频（没有使用ALSA）

如果需要添加HAL层驱动，需要修改此文件

3）build/target/board/idea6410/

LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)

file := $(TARGET_OUT_KEYLAYOUT)/

ALL_PREBUILT += $(file)

$(file) : $(LOCAL_PATH)/ | $(ACP)

$(transform-prebuilt-to-target)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES :=

include $(BUILD_KEY_CHAR_MAP)

目前看来加入了一些键盘映射文件 Rockie's Android Porting Guide（2）——add USB WIFI to your system

手中zd1211b无线网卡已经可使用wpa_supplicant连接无线网络，

最近的工作主要为修改android的HAL层，使android能够识别该无线网卡。

Android默认使用wifi.c加载无线网卡驱动模块，如果直接编译进内核需要做一定修改。

（1）build/target/board/idea6410/

add

# Wifi related defines

BOARD_WPA_SUPPLICANT_DRIVER := WEXT

（2）externalwpa_

# CONFIG_NO_WPA=y

CONFIG_OS=unix

CONFIG_IEEE8021X_EAPOL=y

CONFIG_EAP_MD5=y

CONFIG_EAP_MSCHAPV2=y

CONFIG_EAP_TLS=y

CONFIG_EAP_PEAP=y

CONFIG_EAP_TTLS=y

CONFIG_EAP_GTC=y

CONFIG_EAP_OTP=y

CONFIG_EAP_SIM=y

CONFIG_EAP_AKA=y

CONFIG_EAP_PSK=y

CONFIG_EAP_SAKE=y

CONFIG_EAP_GPSK=y

CONFIG_EAP_PAX=y

CONFIG_EAP_LEAP=y

CONFIG_PKCS12=y

CONFIG_SMARTCARD=y

CONFIG_WIRELESS_EXTENSION=y

CONFIG_CTRL_IFACE=y

CONFIG_DRIVER_WEXT=y

（3）hardware/libhardware_legacy/wifi/wifi.c

将驱动直接编译进内核

int wifi_load_driver()

{

char driver_status[PROPERTY_VALUE_MAX];

int count = 100; /* wait at most 20 seconds for completion */ LOGE("wifi driver loaded ！");

return 0;

}

int wifi_unload_driver()

{

int count = 20; /* wait at most 10 seconds for completion */

LOGE("wifi driver unloaded by rockie!");

return 0;

注意这个定义static const char IFACE_DIR[] = "/data/system/wpa_supplicant";

（4）编译整个android系统，确认编译完bin目录中含有wpa_supplicant、wpa_cli

（5）修改文件

add

mkdir /data/misc/wifi 0770 system system

mkdir /data/misc/wifi/sockets 0770 system system

mkdir /data/system/wpa_supplicant 0770 system system

chmod 0660 /data/misc/wifi/wpa_

add at the end

service wpa_supplicant /system/bin/wpa_supplicant -Dwext -iwlan0 -d -c

/data/misc/wifi/wpa_

# user wifi

# group wifi system

socket wpa_eth0 dgram 0660 wifi system

disabled

oneshot

service dhcpcd /system/bin/dhcpcd -f /system/etc/dhcpcd/ -d eth0

disabled

oneshot

on property:_supplicant=stopped

stop dhcpcd

（6）添加system/etc/wifi/wpa_ update_config=1

ctrl_interface=/data/system/wpa_supplicant //这个一定要和IFACE_DIR对应并保证目录权限

eapol_version=1

ap_scan=1

fast_reauth=1

（7）boot and try

Rockie's Android Porting Guide（3）——Add correct keymap to your system

We already have a keyboard dirver in Linux kernel.

Next, let us notice Android that we have a keyboard.

/* gpio buttons from linux*/

static struct gpio_keys_button gpio_buttons[] = {

{

.gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(0),

.code = 116,

.desc = "ENDCALL",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

},

{

.gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(1),

.code = 139,

.desc = "MENU",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

},

{

.gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(2),

.code = 99,

.desc = "ROTATE",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

},

{

.gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(3),

.code = 102,

.desc = "HOME",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

},

{ .gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(4),

.code = 42,

.desc = "BACK",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

},

{

.gpio = S3C64XX_GPN(5),

.code = 158,

.desc = "BACK",

.active_low = 1,

.wakeup = 0,

}

};

（1）Let me see logcat information.

I/EventHub( 58): New device: path=/dev/input/event1 name=S3C TouchScreen id=0x10000

(of 0x1) index=1 fd=45 classes=0x4

E/EventHub( 58): could not get driver version for /dev/input/mice, Not a typewriter

I/EventHub( 58): New keyboard: publicID=65537 device->id=0x10001 devname='gpio-keys'

propName='e' keylayout='/system/usr/keylayout/'

<<<<<<<

I/EventHub( 58): New device: path=/dev/input/event0 name=gpio-keys id=0x10001 (of 0x2)

index=2 fd=47 classes=0x1

E/EventHub( 58): could not get driver version for /dev/input/mouse0, Not a typewriter

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): Device added: id=0x0, name=gpio-keys, classes=1

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): Device added: id=0x10000, name=S3C TouchScreen, classes=4

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): X: min=0 max=480 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): Y: min=0 max=272 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): Pressure: min=0 max=1 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): Size: unknown values

I/KeyInputQueue( 58): No virtual keys found

（2）make a file build/target/board/idea6410/

key 158 BACK WAKE_DROPPED

key 139 MENU WAKE_DROPPED

key 102 HOME WAKE

key 116 ENDCALL WAKE_DROPPED

key 99 ROTATOR

key 42 POWER WAKE

（3）make the another build/target/board/idea6410/

First,I just copy it from ,but it does not work. So I find this form the net,just a little change.

It seems like 9 number keyboard more than qwerty.

[type=QWERTY]

# keycode display number base caps fn caps_fn

A 'A' '2' 'a' 'A' '#' 0x00

B 'B' '2' 'b' 'B' '<' 0x00

C 'C' '2' 'c' 'C' '9' 0x00E7

D 'D' '3' 'd' 'D' '5' 0x00

E 'E' '3' 'e' 'E' '2' 0x0301

F 'F' '3' 'f' 'F' '6' 0x00A5

G 'G' '4' 'g' 'G' '-' '_'

H 'H' '4' 'h' 'H' '[' '{'

I 'I' '4' 'i' 'I' '$' 0x0302

J 'J' '5' 'j' 'J' ']' '}'

K 'K' '5' 'k' 'K' '"' '~'

L 'L' '5' 'l' 'L' ''' '`'

M 'M' '6' 'm' 'M' '!' 0x00

N 'N' '6' 'n' 'N' '>' 0x0303

O 'O' '6' 'o' 'O' '(' 0x00

P 'P' '7' 'p' 'P' ')' 0x00

Q 'Q' '7' 'q' 'Q' '*' 0x0300

R 'R' '7' 'r' 'R' '3' 0x20AC

S 'S' '7' 's' 'S' '4' 0x00DF

T 'T' '8' 't' 'T' '+' 0x00A3

U 'U' '8' 'u' 'U' '&' 0x0308

V 'V' '8' 'v' 'V' '=' '^'

W 'W' '9' 'w' 'W' '1' 0x00

X 'X' '9' 'x' 'X' '8' 0xEF00

Y 'Y' '9' 'y' 'Y' '%' 0x00A1

Z 'Z' '9' 'z' 'Z' '7' 0x00

# on pc keyboards

COMMA ',' ',' ',' ';' ';' '|'

PERIOD '.' '.' '.' ':' ':' 0x2026

AT '@' '0' '@' '0' '0' 0x2022

SLASH '/' '/' '/' '?' '?' ''

SPACE 0x20 0x20 0x20 0x20 0xEF01 0xEF01

ENTER 0xa 0xa 0xa 0xa 0xa 0xa

TAB 0x9 0x9 0x9 0x9 0x9 0x9 0 '0' '0' '0' ')' ')' ')'

1 '1' '1' '1' '!' '!' '!'

2 '2' '2' '2' '@' '@' '@'

3 '3' '3' '3' '#' '#' '#'

4 '4' '4' '4' '$' '$' '$'

5 '5' '5' '5' '%' '%' '%'

6 '6' '6' '6' '^' '^' '^'

7 '7' '7' '7' '&' '&' '&'

8 '8' '8' '8' '*' '*' '*'

9 '9' '9' '9' '(' '(' '('

GRAVE '`' '`' '`' '~' '`' '~'

MINUS '-' '-' '-' '_' '-' '_'

EQUALS '=' '=' '=' '+' '=' '+'

LEFT_BRACKET '[' '[' '[' '{' '[' '{'

RIGHT_BRACKET ']' ']' ']' '}' ']' '}'

BACKSLASH '' '' '' '|' '' '|'

SEMICOLON ';' ';' ';' ':' ';' ':'

APOSTROPHE ''' ''' ''' '"' ''' '"'

STAR '*' '*' '*' '*' '*' '*'

POUND '#' '#' '#' '#' '#' '#'

PLUS '+' '+' '+' '+' '+' '+'

（4）add these to

file := $(TARGET_OUT_KEYLAYOUT)/

ALL_PREBUILT += $(file)

$(file) : $(LOCAL_PATH)/ | $(ACP)

$(transform-prebuilt-to-target)

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_SRC_FILES :=

include $(BUILD_KEY_CHAR_MAP)

（5）add these to

-keys = /system/usr/keylayout/

-keys = /system/usr/keychars/

（6）build your system again

Now we can see the different:

I/EventHub( 63): New device: path=/dev/input/event1 name=S3C TouchScreen id=0x10000 (of 0x1) index=1 fd=50 classes=0x4

E/EventHub( 63): could not get driver version for /dev/input/mice, Not a typewriter

E/KeyLayoutMap( 63): /system/usr/keylayout/:10: expected keycode, got

'ROTATOR'

I/EventHub( 63): New keyboard: publicID=0 device->id=0x10001 devname='gpio-keys'

propName='e'

keylayout='/system/usr/keylayout/'<<<<<<<

I/EventHub( 63): New device: path=/dev/input/event0 name=gpio-keys id=0x10001 (of 0x2)

index=2 fd=52 classes=0x1

E/EventHub( 63): could not get driver version for /dev/input/mouse0, Not a typewriter

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): Device added: id=0x0, name=gpio-keys, classes=1

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): Device added: id=0x10000, name=S3C TouchScreen, classes=4

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): X: min=0 max=480 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): Y: min=0 max=272 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): Pressure: min=0 max=1 flat=0 fuzz=0

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): Size: unknown values

I/KeyInputQueue( 63): No virtual keys found

System do not know the word "ROTATOR" presently.

You can add a USB-KEYBOARD too.

Rockie's Android Porting Guide（4）——Add SD card to your system

Andorid uses vold to manage SD card and it is easy to use.

But I meet many troubles and finally find that the real problem is in the Linux Kernel.

Thanks to the Android Mail List.

Part I (kernel)

(1)make sure thus kernel configuration in MMC driver

CONFIG_MMC=y

# CONFIG_MMC_DEBUG is not set

CONFIG_MMC_UNSAFE_RESUME=y

# CONFIG_MMC_EMBEDDED_SDIO is not set

CONFIG_MMC_PARANOID_SD_INIT=y

#

# MMC/SD Card Drivers

#

CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK=y

CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_BOUNCE=y

# CONFIG_MMC_BLOCK_PARANOID_RESUME is not set # CONFIG_SDIO_UART is not set

# CONFIG_MMC_TEST is not set

#

# MMC/SD Host Controller Drivers

#

CONFIG_MMC_SDHCI=y

(2)Disable this option

General Setup -> Create deprecated sysfs layout for older userspace tools

Before I did this,vold showed a lot of trouble.

And ,my media_path is not right

media_path /devices/platform/s3c-sdhci.0/mmc_host:mmc0<--my path before turn off that

option

media_path /devices/platform/s3c-sdhci.0/mmc_host/mmc0 <--this is the right one

Vold may be unhappy to accept my old path,and it didn't work.

D/vold ( 42): Accepted connection from framework

D/vold ( 42): dispatch_cmd(send_ums_status):

D/vold ( 42): dispatch_cmd(mount_volume:/sdcard):

E/vold ( 42): Cannot start volume '/sdcard' (volume is not bound)

D/MountListener( 59): handleEvent volume_nomedia:/sdcard

D/MountListener( 59): handleEvent ums_disabled

D/MountListener( 59): handleEvent ums_disconnected

(3) rebuild your linux kernel

PART II(android system)

(1) creat a in build/target/board/idea6410

## vold configuration file for idea6410

volume_sdcard {

## This is the direct uevent device path to the SD slot on the device

media_path /devices/platform/s3c-sdhci.0/mmc_host/mmc0

media_type mmc

mount_point /sdcard

ums_path /devices/platform/usb_mass_storage/lun0

} (2)add those below to

include $(CLEAR_VARS)

LOCAL_MODULE_CLASS := ETC

LOCAL_MODULE :=

LOCAL_SRC_FILES := $(LOCAL_MODULE)

include $(BUILD_PREBUILT)

(3)rebuild the system and check

service vold /system/bin/vold

socket vold stream 0660 root mount

(4)enjoy

D/vold ( 42): Accepted connection from framework

D/vold ( 42): dispatch_cmd(send_ums_status):

D/vold ( 42): dispatch_cmd(mount_volume:/sdcard):

I/vold ( 42): Evaluating dev

'/devices/platform/s3c-sdhci.0/mmc_host/mmc0/mmc0:e624/block/mmcblk0' for mountable

filesystems for '/sdcard'

D/MountListener( 61): handleEvent volume_unmounted:/sdcard

D/MountListener( 61): handleEvent ums_disabled

D/MountListener( 61): handleEvent ums_disconnected

D/MountListener( 61): handleEvent volume_checking:/sdcard

Rockie's Android Porting Guide（5）

——Change your location and add the screenlock

Today ,I just solved two small questions.

One is changing the system location to CHINA, the other one likes a gift more ,

--a screen lock--and I don not know how to get it.

(I) Change the system location

simple and simple

at the end of build/target/product/

add this:

CUSTOM_LOCALES := zh_CN

Of coures, you have many choises: ldpi

hdpi

mdpi

en_US

en_GB

en_CA

en_AU

en_NZ

en_SG

ja_JP

fr_FR

fr_BE

fr_CA

fr_CH

it_IT

it_CH

es_ES

de_DE

de_AT

de_CH

de_LI

nl_NL

nl_BE

cs_CZ

pl_PL

zh_CN

zh_TW

ru_RU

ko_KR

(II) Add the screenlock

I have wasted the whole morning online to serch a way to add the screenlock, but no answer.

Then ,I find that build/target/product/ has more apps than ,so I decide to put

them in my .

Luckly,the Screenlock appears and the keyboard(lock & unclok) is working well.

That must be one of the apks ,who can tell one which one?

SoftKeyboardLiveWallpapersPicker or Fallback?

AccountAndSyncSettings

AlarmClock

Camera Calculator

Development

DrmProvider

Email

Fallback

GPSEnable

Launcher

Music

Mms

Settings

SdkSetup

CustomLocale

gpstest

sqlite3

LatinIME

PinyinIME

OpenWnn

libWnnEngDic

libWnnJpnDic

libwnndict

CertInstaller

LiveWallpapersPicker

ApiDemos

GestureBuilder

SoftKeyboard

AccountAndSyncSettings

AlarmClock

AlarmProvider

Bluetooth

Calculator

Calendar

Camera

CertInstaller

DrmProvider

Email

Gallery

LatinIME

Mms

Music

Settings

Sync

Updater CalendarProvider

SyncProvider

BTW: Fix a bug about KCM files

W/KeyCharacterMap( 401): Can't open keycharmap file

W/KeyCharacterMap( 401): Error loading keycharmap file

'/system/usr/keychars/'. e='gpio-keys'

W/KeyCharacterMap( 401): Can't open keycharmap file

E/KeyCharacterMap( 401): Can't find any keycharmaps (also tried

/system/usr/keychars/)

I/DEBUG ( 414): *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** *** ***

I/DEBUG ( 414): Build fingerprint:

'idea6410/idea6410/idea6410/:Eclair/ECLAIR/.20091226.183935:eng/test-keys'

I/DEBUG ( 414): pid: 401, tid: 401 >>> <<<

I/DEBUG ( 414): signal 11 (SIGSEGV), fault addr 00000004

I rebuild the whole codes for more than ten times and finally find that keypoint "No Read Right"

Solution:

add this to your

chmod 777 system/usr/keychars/

Rockie's Android Porting Guide（6）——Add ALSA to your system

(1)First,you need download alsa libs and tools from Android GIT.

git clone git:///platform/external/

git clone git:///platform/external/

git clone git:///platform/hardware/alsa_

check each fold and run below command:

git branch -a

git checkout origin/eclair

(2)build/target/board/idea6410/ #HAVE_HTC_AUDIO_DRIVER := true

#BOARD_USES_GENERIC_AUDIO := true

BOARD_USES_ALSA_AUDIO := true

BUILD_WITH_ALSA_UTILS := true

(3)make clean and rebuild

(4)add to your final system/etc/

# #

# # Mixer devices

# #

dPlayback {

type hw

card 0 # Can replace with drivers name from /proc/asound/cards

}

dRecord {

type hw

card 0

}

# #

# # Playback devices

# #

dPlayback {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Speaker {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Speaker_normal {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Speaker_ringtone {

type hw

card 0 device 0

}

dPlayback_Speaker_incall {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Earpiece {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Earpiece_normal {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Earpiece_ringtone {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Earpiece_incall {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth_normal {

type hw

card 0

device 0

} dPlayback_Bluetooth_ringtone {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth_incall {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Headset {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Headset_normal {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Headset_ringtone {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Headset_incall {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth-A2DP {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth-A2DP_normal { type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth-A2DP_ringtone {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dPlayback_Bluetooth-A2DP_incall {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dRecord {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}

dRecord_Microphone {

type hw

card 0

device 0

}