2023年6月26日发(作者：)

本科生毕业设计（论文）外文翻译癏

毕业设计题目： 基于单片机的电子称设计

学 院：

专业班级：

学生

指导教师：

2011年 3 月 9日

Electronic scales

Electronic scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is

widely used in various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have

more small size, light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of

strong, convenient maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental

work, the weight of the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to

implement digital, easy-to-computer network, production automation, higher labor

productivity. Scale labels in the supermarket is in the application of face value. A

small label contains: name, price, weight, etc. 11 list in this small electronic label.

Greatly accelerated the use of label machine sales pace, but also convenient for

customers. Top barcode labels have many remarkable features of scale, Ethernet

feature makes the management more convenient.

Electronic Scale Classification (scales can be divided into mechanical and

electronic type)

1． How it works: electronic works in electronic components (weighing

sensor, AD conversion circuit, microcontroller circuits, display circuit, keyboard

circuitry, communications interface circuits, regulated power supply circuit circuit.

2． using the function: electronic weighing the use of modern sensor

technology, electronics and computer technology integration, electronic weighing

devices, in order to meet and solve real life's "fast, accurate, continuous,

automatic" weighing requirements, while effectively eliminating human error, to

make it more in line with the management of legal metrology and industrial

production process control applications.

3. Three health scales are weighing the use of features in a category

(divided into mechanical and electronic), inexpensive, it can help people to

effectively monitor their own body weight changes, new products also can detect

their fat content, but also Some human-oriented subsidiary functions. May not be

part of measuring equipment.

4． Electronic Scale is a measurement of the state compulsory test apparatus,

and his qualified products are test indexing the value of D values of e and

subdivision standards, is subject to the protection of the national metrology

products. In the electronic weighing there is a category called "human scale"

products, which can test in the measurement sector, weighing very precise.

Block diagram interpretation of the principle of electronic balance

The first part of the electronic scale principle block diagram: Program K / B (button) ↑ Fx → Sensors → OP Zoom → A / D converter →

CPU → → display driver display memory

Workflow Note: When an object on the pan when the pressure facilities to the

sensor that occurred deformation, so that resistance to change, while the use of

excitation voltage changes, the output of a change in analog signal. This signal

amplification by the amplifier output to the ADC. Converted to facilitate the

processing of the digital signal output to the CPU operator control. CPU under the

keyboard commands and program output to display this result. Until the show such

a result.

The second part of the scale of the classification: 1. According to principles

of points: E-scale mechanical scale mechanical and electrical integration scales 2.

According to the functions sub: Counting Scales Weighing Scale Pricing Scale 3.

Purpose: Industrial Commercial Scales Special Scales Balance

The third part of the scale types: 1. The full name of the desktop Scale refers

to the volume of less than 30Kg electronic scale 2. The full name of platform scale

refers to the volume within the 30-300Kg Electronic Scale 3. Loadometer full

name refers to the volume of more than 300Kg Electronic Scale 4. Precision

Balance

4th Part of the accuracy of classification: I Class: Special scales precision ≥ 1

/ 10 Wan II level: high-precision scale 1 / 10000 ≤ precision of "1 / 100,000 III:

the accuracy of scale 1 / 1000 ≤ precision of "1 / 10000 Class IV: Common Scale 1

/ 100 ≤ precision of" 1 / 1000

Part V of professional terminology: 1. Maximum weighing: an electron

balance, excluding tare weight, the maximum load can weigh; 2. Minimum weigh:

a electronic scales below the value that would have occurred when a relatively

error; 3. safe load: 120% of the normal weighing range; 4. Rated load: normal

weighing range; 5. permissible error: class test when the maximum deviation; 6. a

sense of quantity: a single electronic scales can show the smallest scale; usually

"d" to represent; 7. analytic capacity: a function with a count of the electronic

scales, can distinguish the smallest scale; 8. Resolution: a counting function with

an electronic scale, the internal capacity of a Resolution of a parameter; 9.

Warm-up time: a scale used to achieve the targets of the time; 10. Accuracy: The

full name of a sense of volume and volume ratios; 11. electronic scale use of

environmental temperature: -10 degrees Celsius to 40 degrees Celsius 12. platform

scale The table size: 25cm X 30cm 30cm X 40cm 40cm X 50cm 42cm X 52cm

45cm X 60cm

Part VI electronic scale features: 1. To achieve long-distance operations; 2.

To achieve automatic control; 3. Figures show that an intuitive, reduce human

error; 4. High accuracy and resolution strong; 5. Weighing range is wide; 6 .

unique features: buckle weight, withholding weight, zero, accumulated, warning,

etc.; 7. maintenance simple; 8. size is small; 9. installation, calibration simple; 10.

special industry, can be accessed by the printer or computer-driven; 11. Intelligent

electronic scale, quick reaction, high efficiency; Part VII of the electronic scale inspection process: 1. First, the overall examination: whether the wear and tear; 2.

Whether the boot: the boot sequence is from 0 to 9 in turn shows that figures are

vague, can zero; 3. Whether the backlight ; 4. with the weight tests in weighing; 5.

chargers is intact, can use; 6. parts are complete; Part VIII sensor type: 1.

Resistive: affordable, high accuracy, widely used; 2. Capacitive: small size, low

precision; 3. Maglev-style: special high-precision, high cost; 4. Hydraulic formula:

the current the market has been eliminated; Display Type: (liquid crystal

display): free electricity, energy-saving, with backlight; : free electricity,

power consumption, very bright; 3. Lamp: electricity, power consumption , high;

K / B (button) type: 1. film button: contact type; 2. mechanical buttons: made up

of many individual combinations of keys together; sensor characteristics: 1. rated

load; 2. output sensitivity; 3. non-linear; 4. hysteresis; 5. repeatable; 6. creep; 7.

12:00 output effects; 8. rated output temperature; 9. 12:00 input; 10. input

impedance; 11. output impedance; 12. Insulation Resistance ; 13. to allow

excitation voltage; (5-18V)

Part IX sensor damaged phenomenon: 1. Weighing not allowed; 2. Shows no

return to zero; 3. Shows the number of bounce to judge the sensor + E,-E, + S,-S 1.

The first to use resistance profile measurement 4-line 22 This resistance value, a

total of 6 groups. The case of 400-450, compared with Europe + E,-E; if it is 350

in Europe, compared to + S,-S; for the 290 in Europe, compared to R-arm; 2. +

E,-E terminated on the + 1.5V voltage

Sensor correctly to exert a pressure, such as the output + _S increase, then

the red table pens as + S, the contrary-S; 10th part of the high-precision counting

scale features: /Ib unit conversion functions; 2. 12:00 display range

adjustment function (GLH series does not) 3. Sampling speed adjustment function;

4. There are 10 groups memory function singlet; 5. may be at the same time the

weight, quantity, the cumulative function (GLH only the number of cumulative) 6.

can set the weight, the maximum amount of warning function; 7. automatic zero

tracking, temperature linear correction; 8. deduction of withholding heavy weight

and function; 9. Standby function; 10. there is zero shows zero tracking range and

scope; 11. there is the battery voltage control to limit the function; Electronic

scales are weighing technology in a new type of instrument is widely used in

various occasions. Electronic scales and mechanical scales have more small size,

light weight, simple structure, low price and practical value of strong, convenient

maintenance and so on can be in a variety of environmental work, the weight of

the signal can be Remote, the weight of display is easy to implement digital,

easy-to-computer networking, process automation of production and improve

labor productivity. Electronic Scale also has an automatic zero tracking, overload

display of self-extinguishing characteristics.

Mechanical scales, floor scale / land in the value (car value), weigh-bridges

and other fitted force-sensitive sensors and microcomputer-controlled intelligent

weighing instruments become intelligent digital electrical and mechanical balance

(or the mechanical and electrical dual-use scales), to improve the mechanical

balance of the measurement accuracy, with low cost, high reliability, simple

installation and so on, without prejudice to the original mechanical scales to any transmission bearing structure. There are peeled, set to zero, the cumulative

number of times, the cumulative weight (cumulative amount of valuation-based),

auto-zeroing, auto-tracking and other functions. Weighing data can be directly

printed or transmitted via computer networks, industrial processes can improve the

level of scale and product quality, trade clearing with the scale can improve the

credibility of incalculable social and economic benefits.

Electronic Scale is basically a sensor, amplifier circuit, A / D conversion

circuit, microcontroller control of display parts, switch matrix circuit, the

keyboard circuit and power circuit. Weight sensor signals are converted to a

corresponding electrical signal, after amplified into the A / D converted into pulses

weight, through the SCM under the control of the analog voltage signals into

digital. The digital conversion by the SCM program in line with the actual weight

of the value of sending the number of display windows.

MCU at the same time the keyboard and switch matrix for monitoring.

According to the input parameter values, the program handled accordingly. Power

circuit to provide the various parts of the operating voltage. Microprocessors such

as 8050, HD404418F, 8031, etc. CPU. Highly versatile motherboard, different

values of range and sub-degree scales, just adjust the jumpers on the motherboard

and the DIP switch can be achieved, the only difference is that the sensor used

with a rated carrying capacity

Sensor is a physical device or biological organ that can detect and feel the

outside of the signal, physical condition (such as light, heat, humidity) or chemical

composition (such as smoke), and Discovery of information to other devices or

organs. Definition of sensor

National standard GB7665-87 sensor is defined as: "can feel the requirements

are measured and converted in accordance with the laws of certain signal device or

devices available, usually composed of sensitive components and conversion

devices." Sensor is a detection device, can feel the information being measured,

and can detect sense of information, according to certain laws of transformation

into electrical signals, or other forms of information required for output to meet

the information transmission, processing, storage, display, recording and control

requirements. It is the automatic detection and control of the primary link.

The role of sensor

People in order to obtain information from the outside world must help of

sense organs. And rely on people's own sense organs, the study of natural

phenomena and laws, and production activities in their functions on far enough.

To meet this situation, we need sensors. It can be said sensor is an extension of

human senses, also known as electronic features.

The arrival of the new technological revolution, the world entered the

information age. In the course of the use of information, we must first resolve is to

obtain accurate and reliable information, and sensors is to obtain information in the field of natural and production of the main ways and means.

In modern industrial production, especially automated production process, the

use of various sensors to monitor and control the various parameters of the

production process, so that devices work best in the normal state or condition, and

to achieve the best quality products. Therefore we can say, without a large number

of good sensors, modern production base will be lost.

In the basic science research, a more prominent position sensor. The

development of modern science and technology into many new areas: for example,

thousands of light years to observe the macro level of the vast universe, to observe

microscopically small particles cm the world, vertical, to observe the evolution

over hundreds of years of celestial bodies , a short response to the s moment. In

addition, there was even a matter of deepening understanding, developing new

energy, new materials, play an important role in a variety of extreme technology

such as ultra-high temperature, ultra-low temperature, high pressure, ultra-high

vacuum, powerful magnetic field, ultra-weak magnetic bagging, etc. . Obviously,

to obtain a large number of human senses can not directly access the information,

Not compatible with sensors is impossible. Many basic scientific research

obstacles, first of all to obtain information on the object is difficult, and a new

highly sensitive detection mechanism and the emergence of sensors, often lead to

breakthroughs in the field. The development of a number of sensors is often a

pioneer in the development of marginal subjects.

Sensor has already penetrated into, such as industrial production, space

development, marine exploration, environmental protection, resource survey,

medical diagnostics, biotechnology, and even conservation areas and so most of

the pan. It is no exaggeration to say that, from the vast space, the vastness of the

ocean, as well as a variety of complex engineering systems, almost every modern

project, are inseparable from a variety of sensors.

Thus, the sensor technology in economic development, promote the important

role of social progress is very clear. Countries in the world attach great importance

to the development of this area. I believe in the near future, there will be a leap in

sensor technology, to achieve status commensurate with its important new level.

Sensor classification

Different views can be classified on the sensors: they transform principle

(Transducer on the basic physical or chemical effect); their purpose; their output

signal types and the production of their materials and processes.

Working principle of the sensor can be divided into physical sensors and

chemical sensors two categories: Sensor working principle of the classification of physical sensors that

physical effects, such as the piezoelectric effect, magnetostriction, ionization,

polarization, thermal, optical, magnetic and electric effects. Small changes in the

amount of the measured signal will be converted into electrical signals.

Chemical sensors, including those with chemical adsorption, electrochemical

reaction, a causal relationship between the phenomenon of the sensor, the

measured signal will be small changes in volume converted to electrical signals.

Some sensors can not divided into physics, can not be divided into chemical

classes. Most of the physics-based sensor is functioning. Many problems of

chemical sensor technology, such as reliability issues, the possibility of mass

production, prices, etc., solve such problems, the application of chemical sensors

will have tremendous growth.

Dynamic characteristic

The so-called dynamic characteristics, is the change in the input sensor, its

output characteristics. In practice, the sensor's dynamic characteristics common to

certain standards of its response to said input signal. This is because the sensor

response to the standard input signal easily obtained by experiment, and its

standard input signal response and its response to any input signal exists between

the relationship, often the latter that the former can be presumed. The most

commonly used standard input signal and sine signal with step two, so the

dynamic characteristics of sensors are commonly used in the step response and

frequency response to that.

电子秤

电子秤是称重技术中的一种新型仪表，广泛应用于各种场合。电子秤与机械秤比较有体积小、重量轻、结构简单、价格低、实用价值强、维护方便等特点，可在各种环境工作，重量信号可远传，易于实现重量显示数字化，易于与计算机联网，实现生产过程自动化，提高劳动生产率。标签秤在超市中的应用已经是耳闻目睹的了。一张小小的标签包含着：品名、价格、重量等，一一列表在这小小的电子标签上。标签机的使用大大加快了销售速度，也方便了顾客。顶尖条码标签秤有着许多卓越的特点，以太网功能使管理更加方便。

电子秤的分类(衡器可以分为机械式和电子式)

1 工作原理：电子式的工作原理以电子元件（称重传感器，AD转换电路，单片机电路，显示电路，键盘电路，通讯接口电路，稳压电源电路等电路组成。

2 使用功能：电子衡器采用现代传感器技术、电子技术和计算机技术一体化的电子称量装置，才能满足并解决现实生活中提出的"快速、准确、连续、自动"称量要求，同时有效地消除人为误差，使之更符合法制计量管理和工业生产过程控制的应用要求。

3 健康秤是衡器使用功能中的一个分类（分为机械式和电子式），物美价廉，它可以帮助人们有效的监视自己的体重变化，新产品还可以检测自己的脂肪含量，而且还有一些人性化的附属功能。可能不属于计量器具。

4 电子衡器是国家强制检定的计量器具，他的合格产品是有检定分度值e和细分值D的标准，是受国家计量法保护的产品。在电子衡器分类中有一种叫“人体秤”的产品，它可以在计量部门进行检定，称重很精确。

电子秤的原理方框图解读

第一部分 电子秤的原理方框图:

程式 K/B(按键)

↑ Fx → 传感器 → OP放大 → A/D转换 → CPU → 显示驱动 → 显示屏 记忆体 工作流程说明： 当物体放在秤盘上时，压力施给传感器，该传感器发生形变，从而使阻抗发生变化，同时使用激励电压发生变化，输出一个变化的模拟信号。该信号经放大电路放大输出到模数转换器。转换成便于处理的数字信号输出到CPU运算控制。CPU根据键盘命令以及程序将这种结果输出到显示器。直至显示这种结果。

第二部分 秤的分类： 1.按原理分：电子秤机械秤 机电结合秤 2.按功能分：计数秤 计价秤 计重秤 3.按用途分：工业秤商业秤 特种秤

第三部分 秤的种类： 1.桌面秤 指全称量在30Kg以下的电子秤 2.台秤

指全称量在30-300Kg以内的电子秤 3.地磅 指全称量在300Kg以上的电子秤

4.精密天平

第四部分 按精确度分类： I级： 特种天平 精密度≥1/10万 II级： 高精度天平 1/1万≤精密度＜1/10万 III级： 中精度天平 1/1000≤精密度＜1/1万 IV级： 普通秤 1/100≤精密度＜1/1000

第五部分 专业术语： 1.最大称量： 一台电子秤不计皮重，所能称量的最大的载荷; 2.最小称量：一台电子秤在低于该值时会出现的一个相对误差;

3.安全载荷： 120%正常称量范围; 4.额定载荷： 正常称量范围; 5.允许误差： 等级检定时允许的最大偏差; 6.感量： 一台电子秤所能显示的最小刻度;通常用