2024年6月14日发(作者:)
学英语 找长喜
LECTURE 15 as专题
本堂目标:学会识别as作介词、副词、连词、关系代词的用法,重点掌握as在否定结构中的译法以及与as相关
的特殊结构。
基础预习
一、as用作介词
1.动词与as搭配
用作介语的as,常常与一些动词搭配使用,比如define…as…“把„定义为„”,view…as…“把„看作„”,
see…as…“把„看作„”,regard…as…“把„当作„”,think of…as…“把„看作„”,refer to…as…“把„称作„”,
use…as…“把„用 作„”,classify…as…“把„划规为„”等等。需要注意的是这些动词也可以转化为名词与as
搭配,同时as后面除可以接名词或名词短语外,还可以接形容词。
【例1】(06-翻译)
I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the
activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems.
【点睛】本句中含有两个as结构:define…as与elect as。后一个as结构中的,elect后面
的宾语为the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems,因为这个宾语较长,因
此被后置,正常的语序为elected the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems
as his primary duty and pleasure in life。
【译文】我将他定义为一个对道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考并将此作为自己人生首要责任
和乐趣的人。
【例2】(06-Part B)
It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining
as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will. Pushed by science,
or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws
or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
【点睛】本句结构较复杂,主要分析as的用法。这里有三个as搭配:define ...as;
as;as。define的宾语是what引导的从句what ... weakness
of will,该宾语被后置;explain的宾语是what,所以原本结构为explained (what) as
weakness of will这个宾语被前置了;reclassifying的宾语是一个由what引导的从句
failings,这个宾语未被后置。
【译文】令人担忧的是:社会正在将越来越多的行为问题医学化,常常把以前严厉的前辈
们解释为意志薄弱的行为定义为“上瘾”。由于受到科学(或所谓的科学)的推动,我们
的社会正在重新把过去所认为的性格缺陷或道德缺失划为与生理缺陷相关的个人疾病。
【例3】(06-Text 1)
The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third
generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the
description of America as “a graveyard for language.”
【点睛】我们可以说as...,而这里是把动词describe名词化了,所以有:
the description of America as。
【译文】移民的子女们往往都使用双语,并且精通英语。“到了第三代,他们原来的语言
在大多数移民家庭中消失了”。因此美国又被称为“语言墓场”。
【例4】(06-Text 4)
But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as insipid,
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学英语 找长喜
phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of
evil.
【点睛】句中as...意为“把„看作„”。as后接三个形容词(insipid,phony
和boring)作as的补足语。第二个as是连词,引导一个时间状语从句。
【译文】但到了十九世纪的某一时期,更多的艺术家开始将快乐视为索然无味、矫揉造作,
甚至更糟的是,令人厌倦的东西。从华兹华斯的《水仙花》到波德莱尔的《恶之花》就可
以表明这一变化。
2.as单独作介词,译为“作为”
【例】(00-完形)
He must use this surplus in three ways: as seed for sowing, as an insurance against the
unpredictable effects of bad weather and as a commodity which he must sell in order to replace
old agricultural implements and obtain chemical fertilizers to feed the soil.
【点睛】这里三个as用法相同,都表示“作为„”。
【译文】他以这样三种方式来使用这些剩余粮食:留作播种用;留作备天荒灾年只用;留
作出售,以便更换农具和购买化肥以滋养土地。
3.as引导介词短语作后置定语
as用在名词后面,作后置定语,在意义上相当于修饰名词的同位语。
【例1】(04-Passage 1)
Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening. “I struck gold”, says Redmon, who
E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
【点睛】as引导的介词短语as in-house counsel for a company修饰position,具体说
明这个职位的名称。
【译文】三周后,他收到了第一份职位通告。“我找到金矿了”,雷德曼说。他用电子邮件
把自己的简历发给了那位老板,由此得到了该公司内部顾问的职位。
【例2】(94-翻译)
Over the years, tools and technology themselves as a source of fundamental innovation have
largely been ignored by historians and philosophers of science.
【点睛】as引导的介词短语as a source of fundamental innovation修饰tools and
technology,以说明tools and technology的性质。
【译文】多年以来,工具和技术本身作为根本性创新的源泉在很大程度上被历史学家和科
学思想家们忽视了。
二、as用作副词
as…as结构中,第一个as是副词,其后常接形容词或另外的副词,第二个as则是连词。
【例】(99-翻译)
While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice
most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant
events of the past.
【点睛】本句中包含一个as…as结构,第一个as作副词,修饰数量形容词many,具体结构
是as+形容词+many+名词复数+as。第二个as是比较状语从句的连词。
【译文】几乎每个历史学家对历史都有自己的界定,但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史
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