2024年6月4日发(作者：)

Unit1

▪ As is well known, the energy crisis has been with us for a long time, and will

be with us for an even longer time. It has become evident in the past few years

that the amount of fossil fuel in the earth’s substrata is not an infinite source of

energy. Due toa steady increase in industrial and technological demand, an energy

shortage is highly probable if the industrialized nations do not conserve existing

resources and establish alternative ones . The fossil fuels, coal, oil and natural

gas, are rapidly diminishing in supply as consumption increases. Clearly, a

replacement for these natural sources of energy is required. Several possible

alternatives have been suggested , such as solar, geothermal and nuclear energy.

Solar energy has the obvious advantage thatthe sun is an inexhaustible and

abundant source which is free of both pollution and radioactivity. A lot of

research is currently directed at discovering ways of harnessing solar power

cheaply and efficiently, and of storing solar energy in reasoning small spaces.

Geothermal energy, which involves stored underground reservoirs of steam, is also

pollution-free. Nuclear fission, a process whereby a uranium nucleus absorbs a

neutron, is not. The reaction causes the nucleus to split into higher elements,

producing a large quantity of heat. The by-products of this reaction are

dangerously radioactive.

▪ 众所周知，能源危机已经伴随我们很长时间，并将与我们更长的时间。它在过去几年

已经变得很明显，在地球的基质的化石燃料的量是不是一个无限的能量源。利用工业和技

术的持续的需求，如果工业化国家不节约现有资源和建立替代的能源短缺是非常可能的。

化石燃料，煤，石油和天然气，迅速减少供应的消费增长。显然，这些天然能源的替代是

必需的。几个可能的替代方案已经被提出，如太阳能，地热能和核能。太阳能具有明显的

优势，太阳是一个取之不尽、用之不竭的丰富来源，这是免费的污染和放射性的。现在大

量的研究集中在发现太阳能利用廉价和有效的方式，并在推理小的空间存储太阳能。地热

能源，包括地下蒸汽储藏的，也无公害。核裂变，一个铀原子核吸收一个中子，不。该反

应导致原子核分裂成更高的元素，产生大量的热。该反应的副产物是危险的放射性。

▪ Unit2

▪ On an average of six times a day, a doctor in Holland practices "active"

euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who

has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging

treatments are withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can effect an

ultimate cure."Active" euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books,

punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years

has made it clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be

prosecuted.

▪ Euthanasia is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and

more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily

admit to practicing it , most often in the "passive" form of withholding or

withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled

over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle

of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves

upholding sacred principles of respect for life, while those in favor raise the

banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now

seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of

British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76

percent of respondents to a poll in France said they would like the law

changed .

▪ Euthanasia has been a topic of controversy since 1936, when a bill was

introduced in the House of Lords that would have legalized mercy killings

under very tightly supervised conditions. That bill failed, so have three others

introduced in the Lords since then. But most euthanasia advocates argue that

every human being should have the right to "die with dignity" - to escape the

horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization.

▪ 平均每天六次，荷兰医生实行“积极的”安乐死：一个身患绝症的病人，他已要求解

除痛苦的故意给予致命药物。二十次，延长生命的治疗隐瞒或撤回时，是没有希望的，它

可以影响一个终极治愈。“主动”安乐死仍然是一个犯罪的荷兰法规书籍，判处有期徒刑

12年。但一系列的诉讼案件在过去的15年里已经说得很清楚，一个称职的医生拿它出来

不会被检控。

▪ 安乐死是一种犯罪行为无处不在西欧。但是，越来越多的医生和护士在英国，西德，

荷兰和其他地方容易承认练，最常见的“被动”的形式代扣代缴或撤销处理。近来煮长憋

着安乐死问题有时激烈的公开辩论，双方都声称自己的衣钵最终义。那些反对的做法，看

到自己坚持尊重生命的神圣原则，同时有利于提高人道待遇的旗帜。经过多年在防守上，

主张现在似乎抬头。在英国最近的民意调查显示，72％的英国臣民在某些情况下，赞成安

乐死。一个惊人的76％的受访者表示，在法国的一项民意调查，他们希望改变法律。

▪ 安乐死一直是争议的话题，自1936年以来，当引入了一项法案，众议院上议院非

常严格监督的条件下，将安乐死合法化。该法案失败，所以从那时起，其他三人在上议院

介绍。但大多数安乐死的倡导者认为，每个人应有的权利，“死得有尊严” - 逃脱恐怖的

痛苦或有辱人格的住院。

▪ Unit3

▪ The theory of evolution presented by Darwin and Wallace is perhaps the

most fundamental and important reduction of biology. No idea has had a

greater effect on the development of science. Nevertheless , two gaps in the

theory were to lead to a half century of intensive controversy among

scientists. One was that the theory did not explain the source of variation noted

among the members of a species. What mechanism produces the stable

variation that can be selected and passed on to offspring? The second weakness

involved the transmission of characters from parents to offspring. Darwin and

Wallace's day, inheritance was generally believed to "blend“ the characteristics of

the parents, Such blending, it seemed, would always dilute the favorable

characteristics and produce intermediate types; there was hence no

possibility of producing the highly adapted species observed in nature. How

were the favorable characteristics of the survivors, once selected for, preserved

intact and passed on to the next generation? Answers to these criticisms had to

await the findings of genetics. Although Mendel was a contemporary of

Darwin and Wallace, and discovered genes and their manner of transmission from

parents to offspring during the 1860s,another 40 years were to pass before this

information was recognized or understood by biologists. With the rapid

development of genetics after 1900,the major gaps in evolutionary theory were

filled in . Scientists realized that gene mutation is the ultimate source of the

variability observed in nature. Moreover , the existence of genes and alleles as

hereditary units that are passed unchanged from parents to offspring fully

explained the persistence in later generation of the traits created by mutation

and selected by the environment.

▪ 进化论由达尔文和华莱士也许是最根本和最重要的生物学减少。不知道科学的发展有

较大的影响。然而，两个缺口的理论导致密集半个世纪的科学家之间的争论。一个是该理

论没有解释一个物种的成员之间的变异源指出。什么样的机制产生稳定的变化，可以选择

和传递给后代？第二个弱点涉及从父母给后代的字符的传输。达尔文和华莱士的日子，继

承一般认为，以“融合”的父母，这样的混合，它似乎会总是稀的有利特性和生产中间类

型的特点，因此，有没有生产的高度适应的物种在自然界中观察的可能性如何幸存者的有

利特征，一旦选定，保存完好，并传递给下一代？回答这些批评不得不等待遗传学的结果。

孟德尔虽然是当代的达尔文和华莱士，并发现基因和他们的父母传递给后代在19世纪60

年代的方式，再过40年，通过该信息之前，生物学家认识和理解。随着遗传学的迅速发

展，1900年以后，各大进化理论的空白填充。科学家们意识到，基因突变是自然中观察到

的变异的最终来源。此外，按原样传递从父母的后代的遗传单位的基因和等位基因的存在

充分说明了由突变性状后人的持久性和环境选择。

▪ Unit4

▪ The Earth is a planet just under 8,000 miles in diameter, moving round

the Sun at a distance of 93, 000,000 miles, and completing one circuit in

365 days. It is not the only planet; seven others are known, all with their own

special points of y and Venus are closer to the Sun than we

are; Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are farther away. Of course, the

nearest to us are Mars, which may approach the Earth to within 35,000,000

miles, and Venus, which has a minimum distance from us of only about

24,000,000 miles. Mars and Venus are also the only two planets which do not

appear to be overwhelmingly hostile. However , they are much more remote

than our closest natural satellite, the Moon, which moves round the Earth at a

mean distance of less than a quarter of a million miles. The Sun itself is a star . It

is by no means distinguished, and modern astronomers class it as a "Yellow Dwarf"；

it seems splendid to us only because it is relatively so near. We know of stars

which are at least a million times more luminous than the Sun, and yet are so far

away that telescopes are needed to see them at all. The stars visible at night-time

are immensely distant, which is why they appear only as tiny points of light.

Many of them may well have planet-systems of their own.

▪ All the same, we must not be contemptuous of the Sun. It may not be a

celestial searchlight, but neither is it a glowworm: it is normal in every way, and

cosmically it is far more important than our own insignificant world. Its diameter is

864,000 miles so that it could contain more than a million globes the size of

the Earth; even at its surface, the temperature is around 6,000 C.(11,000 F.), and in

the solar "power-house", deep inside, the temperature must rise to well over ten

million degrees. The Sun is gaseous, and is not burning in the ordinary sense of the

word, since it produces its energy by means of thermonuclear processes near its

core.

▪ The essential difference between a star and a planet is that a star is a

sun in its own right, whereas a planet shines only because it reflects the rays

of our own particular Sun. If we could observe from the surface of another

world-Mars, for instance-the Earth too would appear in the guise of a starlike

object, and a telescope would be needed to show even large features such as the

Pacific Ocean and the Eurasian landmass.

▪ 地球只是根据8000英里的直径是一颗行星，围绕太阳运动93，000,000英里的距

离，并在365天内完成一个电路。这是不是唯一的行星被称为七人，更接近太阳比我们用

自己的特殊点的y和金星，火星，木星，土星，天王星和海王星较远。当

然，最近我们都是火星，这可能会接近地球，金星，其中有一个最小离我们的距离只有约

24,000,000英里内35,000,000英里。火星和金星也只有两个行星没有出现压倒性的敌对。

然而，他们是更遥远的比我们最亲密的天然卫星，月球绕地球的平均距离小于一百万英里

的四分之一。太阳本身就是一个明星。它是由不意味着尊贵，现代天文学家类为“黄矮”，

不仅因为它是相对这么近，似乎我们灿烂。我们知道至少有一百万次，比太阳更明亮，但

那么远，望远镜需要看到他们在所有的星星。在夜间可见的恒星是极其遥远的，这就是为

什么他们只出现微小的光点。他们中的许多人可能有自己的行星系统。

▪ 都是一样的，我们不能藐视太阳。它可能不是一个天体的探照灯，但也不是一个萤

火虫：它是在各方面都正常，大规模重要性远远超过我们自己的微不足道的世界。它的直

径是864000英里，以便它可以包含超过一百万地球地球的大小，即使在其表面温度大约

是6,000 C.（11000楼），在太阳能电源内部“，深内，温度必须上升到超过千万度。太

阳是气态的，而不是在普通意义上的燃烧，因为它产生的能量通过其核心附近的热核反应。

▪ 一个恒星和行星之间的本质区别是，明星是在自己的权利，而太阳的行星照，不仅

是因为它反映了我们自己的特定Sun的光线。如果我们可以观察到从另一个世界火星表面，

例如地球也将出现在星形对象的幌子，将需要显示甚至大的特点，如太平洋和欧亚大陆的

一个望远镜。

▪ Unit5

▪ I have an infatuation (迷恋) ___with___ autumn. The colors of the season, and

the smells, have always thrilled me. I have always found ___joy___ in this time of

year. The last few autumns of my life, however, I recollect in shades of gray __rather

than ___ cheerful oranges and yellows.

▪ When I became a single mother, every aspect of life ___took on___ new

meaning. Since I was used to ___carrying___ out most of the parental duties

without much help during my marriage, I truly did not ___foresee___ how different

parenting would become after the marriage was ___over___.

▪ But suddenly I realized I was a statistic. The daily routine was not changed so

much; it was the angle ___at which ___ I had begun to look at life.

▪ I believed my ___ex-husband’s___ lawyer was tracking every grade the

children made, and I was under a ___microscope___ in this new town where the

children and I moved our "___broken___ home."

▪ I feared having to eventually establish my family with each new teacher and

each new term as a single-parent family. I just wanted to be us again, without the

stigma ( 特征) of the ___label___ that put on us.

▪ During those few gray years, I would ___reassure___ myself that soon things

would be better, and that I would someday be able to feel ___whole___ again. There

is no mathematical equation of adults proportioned to children to equal a stable,

loving family. Every family has its strengths.

▪ In fact, studies show that in families who read together, eat together and

communicate openly, children are likely to succeed academically, as well as socially

and emotionally. I am sure these habits are ___just as ___ effective when

practiced in single-parent families. I realize now that I am not a statistic. We are an

active, vital family in this charming community, where we are not marked by any

stigma of any statistics of any focus groups.

▪ 我有一个痴情（迷恋）___ with___秋季。本赛季的颜色，气味，一直我激动不已。

我一直觉得___ joy___在每年的这个时候。过去几年我的生活，但是，我记得在深浅不一的

灰色__，___欢快的橙色和黄色，而不是秋天。

▪ 当我成为一个单亲母亲，生活的方方面面___ on___新的含义。由于我是用___

carrying___了大部分的父母的责任，没有太多的帮助，在我的婚姻，我真的没有___

foresee___不同父母如何会成为结婚后___ over___。

▪ 但我突然意识到我是一个统计。日常不会变化太大了，它的角度___，___，我已经

开始看待生活。

▪ 我相信我的___前husband's___律师跟踪每个年级的儿童，我是下一个___

microscope___那里的孩子，我搬到这个新镇“___broken___家。”

▪ 我担心我的家人最终建立每个新老师，每个新名词作为一个单亲家庭。我只是想再

次，是我们把我们的的___ label___，无污点（特征）。

▪ 在那几个灰色几年，我会___ reassure___自己，很快事情会更好，我将有一天能够

感到___ whole___再次。有没有数学方程的成年人的比例等于给孩子一个稳定的，充满爱

的家庭。每个家庭都有其长处。

▪ 事实上，研究表明，在家庭中谁一起读，一起吃，坦诚沟通，孩子可能学业成功，

以及社会和情感的。我相信这些习惯就像___是___在单亲家庭实行有效。我现在意识到，

我不是一个统计。我们是一个积极，重要的家庭在这个迷人的社区，在那里我们都没有标

明任何耻辱任何焦点组的任何统计。

▪ Unit6

▪ People regard the process of change in a number of different ways as good

and as evil, as fun and as annoying. It all depends on the situation, the type of

change and the degree of change. The subject merits consideration, for at no time

in human history have people been faced with not only so many changes, but

also such unprecedented changes. In the past, major disasters, such as wars,

plagues and earthquakes, could destroy only a fraction of the human race

and environment. But now, for the first time we are aware that there exists the

alternative for a disaster which would affect everyone, everywhere. In the past,

for so many years the existence of seemingly boundless resources meant that

there appeared to be little necessity to consider the gradual drain on

them. There is simply nowhere left to go, and the effects on the mind have

been great. In the past, a vital concern was always the matter of having a(n)

sufficient number of children to protect man’s physical existence and their

cultural heritage. Today, human survival depends more on reducing the number of

children rather than increasing it. Possibly the young who are most in

need of learning how to adapt to the realities of modern society can adjust to

these changes more easily than can older people. After all, the old have already

had to adapt to the successive changes of a number of generations. On the

other hand, perhaps the human race has reached a saturation point insofar as

change is concerned, and those who are faced with an overwhelming amount of it

simply cannot cope. Unfortunately, there is no longer any place to go and

hide.

▪ 人们把变化的过程中，在许多不同的方式为好和邪恶，乐趣和作为烦人。这一切都取

决于变化的情况下，变更类型和程度。的主题是值得考虑的，在人类历史上没有时间的人

面临着不只有这么多的变化，但这种前所未有的变化。在过去，重大灾难，如战争，瘟疫

和地震，可能会破坏人类和环境的只有一小部分。但现在，我们第一次意识到，一场灾难，

这将影响到每个人，到处存在替代。这么多年过去，看似无限的资源存在的意思，似乎是

有一点必须考虑他们逐渐流失。简直是有地方可去，和心灵上的影响一直很大。在过去，

一个至关重要的问题总是具有A（N）足够数量的儿童的问题，以保护人的身体的存在和

他们的文化遗产。今天，人类的生存依赖的儿童人数减少，而不是增加。可能是年轻的，

谁是最需要学习如何适应现代社会的现实可以比老年人更容易适应这些变化。毕竟，老已

经不得不去适应连续数代变化。另一方面，人类或许已经达到饱和点的范围内变化，而这

些人正面临着压倒性的数量根本无法应付。不幸的是，不再有任何地方去躲。

▪ Unit7

▪ We had always expected one of the beneficent results of economic affluence

to be a tranquil and harmonious manner of life, a life in Arcadia. What has

happened is the exact opposite. The pace is quickening, and our lives in fact are

becoming steadily more hectic. It used to be assumed that, as the general

welfare increased, people would become successively

▪ less interested in further rises in income. And yet in practice a still

higher economic growth rate has become the overriding goal of economic policy

in the rich countries, and the goal also of our private efforts and attitudes. At the

same time , much of our expenditure is no longer subject to any very

careful consideration, as is clear from the successes achieved by Madison

Avenue. A growing proportion of the labor force is employed in the service sector,

however , our resources are in fact less well “serviced” or maintained than

ever. It is becoming increasingly difficult, for instance, for elderly people to

obtain the special kind of service—care and attention—that they very much

need. Our so-called service economy practices in reality a throw-away system

at all levels, including the human level. We have long expressed the

elimination of material cares would clear the way for a broad cultural

advancement. In practice, not even those endowed with the necessary

intellectual and emotional capacity have shown more propensity for

immersing themselves in the cultivation of their minds and spirit. The tendency is

rather the reverse.

▪ 我们一直预期的经济富裕，是一个安静，和谐的生活态度，一种生活在阿卡迪亚仁

慈的结果之一。发生了什么事，是完全相反。的步伐正在加快，其实我们的生活正在稳步

成为更忙乱。它曾经被认为，作为一般的福利增加，人们会陆续成为

▪ 不感兴趣，收入进一步上升。但在实践中仍然较高的经济增长速度已经成为在富裕

国家的经济政策的首要目标，也是我们的私营部门的努力和态度和目标。与此同时，我们

的开支是不再受任何非常仔细地考虑，是明确从麦迪逊大道所取得的成就。然而，有越来

越多的劳动力受雇于服务行业，我们的资源其实少好“服务”，或维持比以往任何时候。它

正变得越来越困难，例如，为年老的人得到服务的关心和照顾，他们非常需要一种特殊的。

我们所谓的服务型经济的做法在现实中被扔掉的系统的各个层次，包括人类的水平。我们

早就表达了一个广泛的文化进步，消除重大问津开道。在实践中，甚至没有赋予了必要的

智力和情感能力更倾向沉浸在自己的思想和精神的培养。目前的趋势是刚好相反。