2024年4月23日发(作者：)

2020年北京市西城区高三一模

英语

本试卷共11页，120分。考试时长100分钟。

考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一

并交回。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45分）

第一节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正

确形式填空。

A

The International Day of Families, which was started by the United Nations in 1993,

___1___ (hold) on May 15 every year. The day celebrates the ___2___ (important) of families. It

aims to deepen people’s understanding of issue ___3___are related to families. With a different

theme each year, the day is observed with a wide range of events that are organized at local,

national and international ___4___ (level).

B

For thousands of years, people have been trying to predict the weather. In

China during the Shang Dynasty, people ___5___ (record) weather forecasts

on animal bones and tortoise shells. Centuries later, ___6___ Greece, the

philosopher, Aristotle wrote his theories about how weather conditions formed.

Weather forecasting advanced over time, with more and more instruments

used to measure temperature, humidity and air pressure. Today, satellite data

and computer technology help scientists predict the weather more ___7___

(precise).

C

Last year, China started testing 5G mobile networks in several cities. The

Hongkou District of Shanghai was the first to operate a 5G network. To test the

network, Wu Qing, vice mayor of Shanghai, made a phone call ___8___ (use)

a Huawei MateX, Huawei’s first 5G smartphone. According to The Telegraph,

“5G is the innovation that ___9___ (shape) all our lives for years to come.” It is

___10___ (fast) and more stable than 4G, the previous generation of cellular

( 蜂窝状的) network technology.

第二节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）阅读下面短文，

掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，

并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

It was late, about 10:, when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport

train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute

drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She’d just returned from

visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She

practically ___11___ on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on

Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s

minivan, ___12___ her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad

tracks. She ___13___ in the minivan, bruised (撞伤) but mostly just knocked

out by the ____14____ and the airbags.

As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for ___15___. He’d just

closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of

metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom

window. A volunteer___16___and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never

___17___to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas (睡

衣), ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told

Newsday. “We’re always on___18___.”

The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one

that had ___19___Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he

looked around and _____20_____Esposito’s minivan positioned on the

railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an

oncoming _____21_____.

“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the

headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked

on the driver’s side window. She _____22_____ looked at him, her eyes

unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She seemed unhurt. “Honey,

you’re on the railroad _____23_____,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get you

off right now!” He pulled hard on the _____24_____, but the door was crashed

in and _____25_____. The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour,

was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw

open the _____26_____. “Please, don’t let her be _____27_____,” he thought.

He pushed aside the deflating (瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms,

and_____28_____her toward him across the passenger seat until he could

help her out and quickly get her to ______29______ behind a signal box a few

feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan.

“It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.

But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief

Greg Miglino told CBS New York, “the_____30_____ arrived in pajamas, not in

a fire truck.”

11. A. drove B. walked

B. forcing

B. stood

B. noise

B. work

B. driver

C. rode

D. hiked

D. reminding

D. waited

D. bomb

D. bed

D. engineer

D. wanted

D. schedule

D. followed

D. predicted

D. ambulance

D. even

D. tracks

D. handle

D. gone

12. A. allowing

13. A. sat

14. A. action

15. A. class

16. A. doctor

C. ordering

C. hid

C. impact

C. dinner

C. firefighter

C. intended

C. target

C. hit

17. A. stopped

18. A. duty

B. troubled

B. time

19. A. warned

20. A. observed

21. A. train

22. A. yet

23. A. yards

24. A. belt

B. caught

B. spotted

B. truck

B. just

C. realized

C. car

C. still

B. stations

B. key

C. bridges

C. bell

C. open

25. A. unlocked B. jammed

26. A. bag B. door C. book D. box

27. A. scared B. ignored C. trapped D. defeated

28. A. carried B. rushed C. guided D. pulled

29. A. return B. work C. safety D. life

30. A. police B. actor C. reporter D. hero

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）

第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文，从每

题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将

该项涂黑。

A

What it does

The self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic

( 光 催 化 ) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s

handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by

contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.

How it works

The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic

coating can effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a

substance. A consistent UV light source—inside a transparent glass door

handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating on the outer surface

for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV

LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle

can clean by itself.

Design process

We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the

door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and

easy to fix. We also improved the generator output which effectively turned

energy from door movement into a light source.

How it is different

Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant

smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of

inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up

public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can be used for a long

time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door

handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.

Future plans

In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can

compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with

public properties, for example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public

restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.

Awards

In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold

Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva

Inventions Exhibition.

31. How does the self-cleaning door handle function?

A. It controls the door movement automatically.

B. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.

C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.

D. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.

32. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is ______.

A. safer and cheaper

B. cleaner and easier

C. less heavy and more effective

D. more attractive and expensive

33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?

A It has been widely used in public areas.

B. It has received recognition for its innovation.

C. It is quite competitive among similar products.

D. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.

B

This little South American Magellanic penguin swims 5,000 miles, to a

beach in Brazil, every year in order to be reunited with the man who saved its

life. It sounds like something out of a fairy tale, but it’s true!

71-year-old retired brick worker Joao, who lives in an island village just

outside Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, found the small Magellanic penguin lying on

rocks at his local beach in 2011. The penguin was covered in oil and running

out of time fast. Joao rescued the penguin, naming it Din, cleaned the oil off its

feathers and fed him a daily diet of fish to rebuild its strength. After a week of

recovery, Joao attempted to release the penguin back into the wild. However,

Din had already formed a family bond with his rescuer and wouldn’t leave.

“He stayed with me for 11 months and then, just after he changed his coat

with new feathers, he disappeared,” Joao recalls. “I love the penguin like it’s

my own child and I believe the penguin loves me,” Joao told Globo TV. “No

one else is allowed to touch him. He pecks (啄) them if they do. He lies on my

lap, lets me give him showers, and allows me to feed him.”

Professor Krajewski, a biologist who interviewed the fisherman for Globo

TV, told The Independent: “I have never seen anything like this before. I think

the penguin believes Joao is part of his family and probably a penguin as well.”

However, environmentalists warn that, while hundreds of the Magellanic

species are known to naturally migrate (迁徙) thousands of miles north in

search of food, there has been a worrying rise in the phenomenon of oceanic

creatures washing up on Brazil’s beaches. Professor David Zee from Rio de

Janeiro’s State University, said the increase is due in part to global climatic

changes. Professor Zee added that sea animals face increased danger from

leaked tanker oil.

Luckily the ending for Joao and Din has been a happy one, even though it

is illegal in Brazil to keep wild animals as pets.

Professor Krajewski said: “Professionals who work with animals try to

avoid relationships like this occurring so they are able to reintroduce the

animal into the wild. But in this single case the authorities allowed Din to stay

with Joao because of his kindness.”

34. Every year Din swims a long distance to a beach in Brazil to ______.

A. avoid being killed

B. meet his rescuer

C. escape from ocean currents

D. find much more fish

35. When Din was found in 2011 ______.

A. he was dying

B. he was running on the beach

C. he was resting on a rock

D. he was cleaning oil off his feathers

36. What can we learn about Joao from the passage?

A. He is not allowed to keep the penguin as a pet by the authorities.

B. He overprotects the penguin by keeping him away from others.

C. His contact with the penguin is encouraged by professionals.

D. His kindness wins the penguin’s trust.

37. The story in the passage mainly shows ______.

A. the environmental impact on wildlife

B. the love between humans and wildlife

C. the tendency of wildlife to bond with humans

D. the protection of threatened wildlife by mankind

C

Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their

stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist,

neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the

country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each

point in the decision process.

We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing

the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money.

Normally, the prefrontal cortex ( 前 额皮 层 ) controls our emotional reactions

to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears.

But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal

signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by

buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.

Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong

influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion.

Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories,

engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for

instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a

much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song.

These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input.

This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we

go in a month.

Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy

as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay

more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift

sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must

value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same,

how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species,

and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make

decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer

something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a

reason.

Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan

ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison

shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and

you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this

season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.

38. From Paragraph 2, we learn that ______.

A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center

B. the common consumers always act unreasonably

C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear

D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing

39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?

A. Creating a festival atmosphere.

B. Following the current fashion.

C. Preparing more free samples.

D. Offering a bigger discount.

40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?

A. They are more reliable.

B. They are a sign of social status.

C. They make people feel valued.

D. They are favored by most people.

41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we ______.

A. buy in the moment

B. reduce our budget

C. return unnecessary products

D. make a plan in advance

D

The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels

and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact,