2024年4月12日发(作者：)

血液肿瘤的分子机制和治疗策略

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for

Hematological Malignancies

摘要：血液肿瘤是一种恶性肿瘤，包括多种类型，如白血病、

淋巴瘤和骨髓增生异常综合症等。肿瘤细胞的分子机制和治疗

策略是血液肿瘤研究的重点。本文概述了血液肿瘤的分子机制、

治疗策略以及未来研究的方向，以期提高血液肿瘤的治疗效果。

关键词：血液肿瘤、分子机制、治疗策略、未来研究

Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies for

Hematological Malignancies

Introduction

Hematological malignancies are malignant tumors that develop in

blood-forming tissues, including several different types such as

leukemia, lymphoma, and myelodysplastic syndromes. The

molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of hematological

malignancies are the focus of research in this field. Understanding

of the molecular mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic

strategies will be of great help to the treatment.

Molecular Mechanisms

The molecular mechanisms of hematological malignancies are

complex, involving genetic and epigenetic alterations,

dysregulations of signal transduction pathways, and abnormalities

of the immune system. For example, chromosomal translocations

and mutations in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes may lead to

abnormal cell proliferation or differentiation. Abnormal activation

of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and

NF-κB, may favor tumor growth or invasion. Abnormalities of the

immune system may result in impaired tumor surveillance and

immune escape. Moreover, the interaction between tumor cells and

the microenvironment also plays an important role in

hematological malignancies. For example, the bone marrow niche

may provide a supportive environment for tumor cells, and the

secretion of cytokines and chemokines may promote tumor growth

or metastasis.

Therapeutic Strategies

The therapeutic strategies for hematological malignancies are

diverse, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy,

immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation. Chemotherapy

is the traditional and most widely used treatment for hematological

malignancies, which aims to kill or inhibit the proliferation of

tumor cells. Radiotherapy uses ionizing radiation to destroy cancer

cells. Targeted therapy refers to therapy that specifically targets the

molecular features of cancer cells, such as monoclonal antibodies

or small molecules targeting oncogenes or signaling pathways.

Immunotherapy enhances the anti-tumor activity of the immune

system, such as the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors or CAR-T

cells. Bone marrow transplantation is a therapeutic option for

patients who cannot undergo conventional treatments or have

relapsed after treatment. In addition, combination therapy or

sequential therapy can also be used to achieve better treatment