2024年4月7日发(作者：)

9 The art of public Speaking 公共演讲的艺术

1. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you

sometime in your life. When it does, you want to be ready.

But

even if you never

give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying

public speaking. Your speech class will give you

training

in researching topics,

organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself

skillfully

. The training is

invaluable for every type of communication.

1、在你生活的某个时刻，几乎必定(almost certainly)需要做某种有影响力的

(effective)公开演讲。当这个时刻来到时，你希望自己十分有把握。但是，即便你在生活

中从未发表过一个演讲，你仍然会从学习公共演说中获益良多(gain from)。你的演讲课将

会在研究主题、组织思路和表现技巧方面对你进行训练。这种训练对任何类型的交流都是

非常宝贵的(invaluable)。

2. There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation.

The three major goals of speaking-to inform, to persuade, to entertain-are also

the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without

thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas

logically

. You

tailor

your message

to

your audience. You tell a story

for

maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among

the most important skills you will need for public speaking.

2、在公开演讲（public speaking）和日常交谈(daily conversation)之间有许多类似

的东西(similarity)。演说的三个主要目的是：传达、说服、吸引，这些也是日常交谈的三

个主要目的。在交谈中，你已经不假思索地使用(employ)很多技巧。你有条理地(logically)

组织你的观点，你根据听众修改信息（tailor to）。你选择讲述某个故事以取得最大的效果。

你从听众的反馈(feedback)中改变自己（adapt to）。这些也是你在公开演讲时所需要的最

重要的技巧。(日常交流)

3. Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public

speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually impose

s

strict

time limitation

s

on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than

dose

ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal

language. Listeners

react

negatively

to

speech

es loaded

with slang, jargon, and

bad grammar. Third, public speaking demand

s

a different method of delivery.

Effective speakers adjust their voices

to

the larger audience and work at

avoiding

distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.

3、当然，公开演说不同于交谈。首先，公开演讲比交谈要有更高的组织结构性(more

highly structured)。公开演说者通常受严格的时间限制(strict time limitations)，因此它

需要比普通交谈更细致的准备(more detailed preparation)。其次，公开演说需要使用更

正式的语言（more formal language）。听众对充满(loaded with)俚语、行话、和语法错

误的讲话反应消极(react negatively to)。第三，公开演说需要用一种不同声调和姿势

(delivery)。有影响力的(effective)演说者调整(adjust to)他的声调去面对大量的观众，力

求(work at )避免分散人注意力的身体习惯动作(physical mannerism)，力求避免习惯性

口头语(verbal habit)。(公共讲演)

4. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage fright.

Actually, most successful speakers are nervous

before

making a speech. Your

speech class will give you an opportunity

to gain

confidence and make your

nervousness work

for

you rather than

against

you. You will take a big step

toward

overcoming

stage fright

if

you think

positively

, choose speech topics

you really care about, prepare

thoroughly

, and concentrate on

communicating

with your audience.

Like

many students over the years, you too can develop

confidence in your speechmaking abilities.

4、在任何一个演讲教室里，学生最主要的担心之一就是怕上台(stage fright 怯场)。

事实上，最成功的演说家在发表一场演讲之前也会紧张。你的演讲教室将给你一个获得信

心的机会，让你的紧张的神经帮助你而不是阻碍你（make your nervousness work for

you rather than against you）。如果你能这样积极地(positively)考虑，你将会朝着战胜

怯场的方向(toward overcoming stage fright)迈进一大步：选择你真正关心的演讲主题，

充分地(thoroughly)准备，集中精力与你的听众沟通。如同过去的(over the years)许多同

学一样，你同样能够在你的演讲能力上提高信心(develop confidence)。

5. The speech communication process as a whole includes seven

elements-speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and

situation. The speaker is the person

who

initiate

s

a speech transaction.

Whatever

the speaker communicate

s

is the message, which is sent by means of a particular

channel. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide

feedback to the speaker. Interference is anything

that

impede

s

the

communication of a message, and the situation is the time and place

in which

speech communication occurs. The interaction of these seven elements is

what

determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.

5、语言交流的过程，整体而言(as a whole)包括七个要素：演说者、信息、沟通途径、

听众、反馈、外界干扰(interference)、和现场形态(situation)。演说者是演讲事件

(transaction)的开始者。演说者传递的是信息，它必经某种特定沟通途径(by means of

a particular channel)传送出去。听众接受传达到的信息，并且向演说者提供反馈。外界

干扰是妨碍(impede)信息沟通的任何事物，而现场形态是演说发生的时间和地点。这七个

要素的相互作用(interaction)决定了任何情况下演说交流的效果（outcome）。

6.

Because

speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical

responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They

do this

by being

well-informed about their subjects

by being

honest in what

they say,

by using

sound evidence, and

by employing

valid reasoning.

6、因为演讲是力量的一种表现形态，它承载着(carry with it)很重的道德责任(heavy

ethical responsibility)。有道德的演说者用声音的方式去实现声音的目的。他们通过很好

阐述(informe about)他们的主题、通过诚实于他们所说的话、通过使用可靠的(sound)论

据、以及通过正确的评论去做这件事（do this）。

daily conversation; everyday conversation; ordinary conversation; public

speaking; speechmaking

tailor to; adapt to; react to; adjust to

课后练习：

1． But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much

to ___ from studying public speaking.

A. gain B. grain C. train D. rain

2. The training is ___ for every type of communication.

A. worthless B. invaluable C. costless D. value

3. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you ___ a wide range of

skills.

A. explore B. employ C. purify D. multiply

4. You tailor your message ___ your audience.

A. about B. for C. to D. in

5. You ___ to feedback from your listener.

A. adapt B. adopt C. apply D. analyze

6. It usually imposes strict time limitations ___ the speaker.

A. in B. on C. about D. with

7. Listeners ___ negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad

grammar.

A. act B. react C. interact D. transact

8. Public speaking demands a different method of ___.

A. deliver B. delivery C. delicate D. delete

9. Effective speakers adjust their voices ___ the larger audience and work_____

avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.

A. at, to B. in, at C. to, at D. to, for

10. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and

make your nervousness work for you ___ against you.

A. more than B. apart from C. rather than D. instead

11. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think _____,

choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate

on communicating with your audience.

A. positive B. post C. position D. positively

12. The speech communication process ___ includes seven elements.

A. in the hole B. at a whole C. as a whole D. to the whole

13. The speaker is the person who ___ a speech transaction.

A. initial B. initiate

s

C. initiation D. initiative

14. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent ___ a

particular channel.

A. by all means B. by no means C. by any means D. by means of

15. Interference is anything that ___ the communication of a message.

A. impact B. imports C. impedes D. impair

16. The interaction of these seven elements is what determines the ___ in any

instance of speech communication.

A. outcome B. income C. become D. welcome

17. They do this by doing well-informed about their subjects, being honest in

what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing reasoning.

A. valley B. value C. vary D. valid

答案：1A 2B 3B 4C 5A 6B 7B 8B 9C 10C

11D 12C 13B 14D 15C 16 A 17 D