2024年4月6日发(作者：)

2014考研英语阅读理解考前模拟题

Text1

Anindustrialsociety,especiallyoneascentralizedandconcentratedasthatofBritain,

isheavilydependentoncertainessentialservices:forinstance,electricitysupply,water,r

ailandroadtransport,aofdependencyhaswidenedtoincluderemov

ingrubbish,hospitalandambulanceservices,and,astheeconomydevelops,centralcomp

ftheseservicesceasestooperate,thewhol

eeconomicsystemisindanger.

Itisthiseconomicinterdependencyoftheeconomicsystemwhichmakesthepower

tradeunionshavetheabilitytocutoffm

anycountries'nhappenmoreeasilyinBritainthaninsom

eothercountries,55percentof

Britishworkersbelongtounions,

historicalreasons,Britain'sunionshavetendedtodevelopalongtradeandoccupationallin

es,ratherthanonanindustry-by-industrybasis,whichmakesawagespolicy,democracyi

nindustryandtheimprovementofprocedureforfixingwagelevelsdifficulttoachieve.

Thereareconsiderablestrainsandtensionsinthetradeunionmovement,someofthe

ionshavelostmanymemb

areinvolvedinargumentsaboutwhoshoul

forskilledtradesareseparatefromgeneraluni

ons,whichmeansthatdifferentlevelsofwagesforcertainjobsareoftenasourceofbad

itionaltradeswhicharebeingpushedoutofexistenceby

advancingtechnologies,unionscanfightfortheirmembersdisappointingjobstothepoi

ntingofne

wspapersbothintheUnitedStatesandinBritainhasfrequentlybeenhaltedbytheeffort

sofprinterstoholdontotheirtraditionalhighly-paidjobs.

Tradeunionshaveproblemsofinternalcommunicationjustasmanagersincompanies

do,problemswhichmultiplyinverylargeunionsorinthosewhichbringworkersinve

adeunionofficialshave

tobere-electedregularly;othersareelected,orevenappointed,nionoffi

cialshavetoworkwithasystemof“shopstewards”inmanyunions,“shopstewards”be

ingworkerselectedbyotherworkersastheirrepresentativesatfactoryorworkslevel.(4

11words)

heinterdependenceoftheUKeconomymentionedinparagraph1?

[A]Topointuptheimportanceofthetradeunionpower.

[B]Tooutlineinbriefthegreatscaleofessentialservices.

[C]Toillustratethedangerinthewholeeconomicsystem.

[D]Tobringoutacentralizedandconcentratedindustrialsociety.

eoftheirout-of-dateorganizationsomeunionsfinditdifficultto

[A]recruitnewmemberstojoin.

[B]remoldthemselvesasindustrieschange.

[C]adapttoadvancingtechnologies.

[D]bargainforhighenoughwages.

eementsarisebetweenunionsbecausesomeofthem

[A]takeoverotherunions'jobs.

[B]trytowinovermembersofotherunions.

[C]protecttheirownmembersattheexpenseofothers.

[D]intendtorepresentworkersinnewtradeorganizations.