2024年4月5日发(作者：)

广东省深圳市光明区2022-2023学年高三第一次模

拟考试英语试题

一、阅读理解

World’s Incredible Railways

West Highland Railway, Scotland

Running for about 193 kilometers. West Highland Railway Line is

one of the “greatest hits” of the landscapes Scotland

line can be enjoyed through the comfortable Caledonian Sleeper might

train from London to Fort William, with the last stretch of the

journey accompanied by breakfast. Remember to keep an eye out for

stags(雄鹿)as they survey their kingdom.

The Ghan, Australia

Widely regarded as one of the world’s greatest rail journeys, it

runs weekly over a 2,979-kilometer route crossing the length of

Australia from Adelaide in the south to Darwin in the Northern

Territory. Each trip takes more than 53 hours, including extended

stops in remote towns such as Coober Pedy for passengers to

experience the Outback during off-train tours.

Qinghai-Tibet Railway, China

For centuries, known as “The Roof of the World”, Tibet was

visited only by the hardiest travelers and explorers, but the opening

of the remarkable Qinghai-Tibet Railway in 2006 created a permanent

connection with the Chinese rail network. The 1,956 kilometer route

from Xining to Lhasa tops out at the Tanggula Pass, 5,068 meters

above sea level. With its opening, direct trains run to Lhasa from

Beijing in 40 hours and Shanghai 47 hours.

The TranzAlpine, New Zealand

The TranzAlpine takes four and a half hours to cover just 224

kilometers. Its famous “open-air carriage(客车厢)” is the real

highlight. This open-sided car allows passengers to experience the

fresh mountain air first-hand and take amazing landscape photos.

Passengers can also now listen to a GPS-based audio commentary in

English, enjoying stories about places along the route, the country

and its culture.

1. Which of the following railways is the longest?

A．West Highland Railway. B．The Ghan.

C．Qinghai-Tibet Railway. D．The TranzAlpine.

2. How many hours does a direct train take from Shanghai to Lhasa?

A．4.5. B．40. C．47. D．53.

3. What can you do on a TranzAlpine train?

A．Enjoy a comfortable night’s B．Read books about local

sleep. culture.

C．Watch TV programs in English.

The set is simple: a little fabric, a chair, maybe some flowers.

Its users are more complex: an American mother who takes her children

to visit their Mexican father every weekend, and a nine year-old boy

who wants to “have a memory of us together” before his father goes

back to California. They pause what they’re doing. sit for a photo,

and leave with a printed copy. Behind the camera is Alexia Webster.a

South African photographer who sets up street studios around the

world. At Studio Transfronterizo, her project in Tijuana, Mexico,

passing characters offer a look at life on the world’s busiest land

border. Every day nearly 100,000 people legally cross from Tijuana to

San Diego, California, at the San Ysidro border.

More than a decade ago Webster was photographing for the United

Nations in a refugee(难民)camp in Kenya when a man told her he’d

watched photographers visit for 15 years but didn’t have a single

picture of himself or his family. Many of Webster’s subjects had

escaped from war,leaving personal archives(档案)behind. One photo

could help them rebuild.

In 2011, with a printer and a temporary studio on a corner in

Cape Town, South Africa, Webster invited people to pose for a free

session. She printed their pictures on the spot. “Primarily it’s

for them, for their kids, their grandkids, their lovers, their

D．Experience the open-sided

car.

friends,” she says. “It’s a record of who they are.” Webster has

since put up studios in other places, from the streets of Mumbai,

India to a refugee camp in South Sudan.

She gives few instructions from behind the camera. “The idea of

the project is for people to rebuild their archives and reaffirm

their identity,” Webster says. “I like them to determine how they

want their photo to be.

4. What’s Alexia Webster’s job?

A．Taking photos for passers-by.

B．Rescuing children from the war zone.

C．Selling cameras to travelers from America.

D．Offering legal help to people crossing the border.

5. Where did Alexia Webster set up her first studio?

A．In South Africa. B．In Mexico.

C．In India. D．In South Sudan.

6. What is the purpose of the studios?

A．To train young people as professional photographers.

B．To offer passers-by a chance to reclaim their identity.

C．To provide free legal consultation for families in need.

D．To help refugees around the world to escape from war.

7. Where is this text most likely from?

A．A travel brochure. B．A government document.

C．A magazine.

D．A novel.

The first time that I met a blind scientist. I worked in a

program for disabled students interested in pursuing STEM (Science,

Technology, Engineering, Maths) research. Until that point, it had

never occurred to me how blind students were prevented from receiving

science education. My daily experience in classrooms consisted of

professors drawing and writing on the board with the assumption that

students in the class could see. But what about those students who

cannot see or suffer from vision problems?

A recent paper from Baylor University, led by Katelyn Baumer and

Bryan Shaw, was inspired by exactly this designed a

study to assess whether people could learn to recognize 3D models,

like those often used to teach science, with their mouths instead of

with their eyes.

A 202l paper in Nature found that primates(灵长类动物)showed the

same brain circuit activation(激活)when grasping objects with their

hands and when moving an object with their indicates

that there may be underlying similarities of physical

manipulations(操纵)of the hand and the mouth.

Baumer and Shaw found that there was comparable touch recognition

with hands to mouth manipulation recognition when using these models.

365 college students and 31 primary school students participated in

the study. The participants were blindfolded and then divided into

two groups, one assigned to manipulate objects by hand, and one to

manipulate the objects with only their mouths. Each participant was

given a single model protein to study. They then were asked to

identify whether each of a set of eight other protein models matched

the original they were given.

The research team saw that both age groups of students were able

to successfully distinguish between models. Moreover, the accuracy of

recalling the structures was higher in people who only assessed the

models through mouth manipulation.

Although this study did not involve blind or low-vision students,

it sets the basis for expanding into them next. It may offer a way to

have science become more accessible, which is the ultimate goal.

8. Who will most probably benefit from Baumer and Shaw’s study?

A．Professors. B．College students.

C．Primary school students. D．Blind and low-vision students.

9. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?

A．Explain a concept to readers. B．Provide supporting information.

C．Summarize the previous D．Introduce a new topic for

paragraphs. discussion.

10. What method is used in the study?

A．Making comparisons. B．Doing surveys.

C．Conducting interviews. D．Reviewing papers.

11. What is the text mainly about?

A．A recent paper about STEM education.

B．A protein model used in science teaching.

C．A potential way for disabled students to learn science.

D．An academic program for blind scientists to do research.

The term is “space archaeology(考古学)”, but the field is much

more down to Earth. Space archaeologists use satellite imagery and

other remote-sensing techniques to look for ancient sites on our

planet. As archaeologist Sarah Parcak explains in her new book,

Archaeology from Space, these tools have transformed studies of ancient

times. “We’ve gone from mapping a few dozen ancient sites in one

summer-long archaeological season to mapping hundreds, if not

thousands, of sites in weeks,” she writes.

With Parcak as a guide, the book offers a lively, inspiring trip

around the world, back in time and even into the future. Parcak

begins with the basics of space archaeology, explaining how, for

example, satellite images can reveal the locations of walls or the

foundation of a former building. Even long-buried ruins can leave a

mark on the surface, affecting the growth of vegetation(植被)and so

resulting in “crop marks”. These outlines become apparent from high

above and with instruments attuned to certain wavelengths of light.

In example after example, Parcak demonstrates the capabilities of

different technologies. Many of the book’s stories and tales of

fieldwork focus on what Parcak have learned about ancient Egypt.

While studies of monuments and tombs have revealed aspects of

everyday Egyptian life, satellite data have filled in some bigger

picture details. In the first survey of settlement patterns in the

ancient Nile Delta, Parcak’s team discovered that people largely

abandoned the region as a result of environmental change and droughts

near the end of Egypt’s Old Kingdom some 4,000 years ago. It feels

remarkably timely in this era of climate change reading what

contributed to the Old Kingdom’s fall. Parcak notes that part of

archaeology’s value lies in learning lessons in resiliency(适应

力)from past societies.

12. What is the book Archaeology from Space about?

A．Searching for antiques in space.

B．Archaeologists conducting research in space.

C．Astronauts doing experiments above the Earth.

D．Using satellite techniques to explore the Earth.

13. Which of the following can replace the underlined word

“attuned” in paragraph 2?

A．Compared. B．Adjusted.

C．Appealed. D．Launched.

14. Why is the fall of Egypt’s Old Kingdom mentioned in the book?

A．It can attract readers’ attention.

B．It is the most important discovery.

C．It will make the book popular in Egypt.

D．It can serve as a lesson to modern humans.

15. What is the main idea of the text?

A．Traditional techniques of archaeology become outdated.

B．Crop marks help archaeologists locate underground ruins.

C．Satellites are changing how archaeologists study the past.

D．Archaeologists are losing their jobs due to new technologies.

二、七选五

Millions of Americans carve time out of their busy schedule to

exercise daily. But only 23% of adults aged 18+ meet the recommended

guidelines for the regular workout. 16 Surveying more

than 30,000 participants, a study found that Americans only have an

average of more than five hours of free time per day.

When you’re considering starting a workout plan, one of the

biggest questions is. “When is the best time to exercise?” Most

people are fairly regimented(严格规划的)and protective of when they

exercise. Choosing to exercise in the morning or evening is often a

product of a work schedule or childcare

responsibilities. 17

But is there any science to support working out in the morning

against working out in the evening? 18 This was a

relatively small study that collected data from 27 women and 20 men

who were already highly active with a regular exercise

plan. 19 They did one of four different exercise

routines-stretching, resistance training, short-distance running or

endurance training—four times a week for one hour each time. One

group did the routine between 6:30 and 8: and the other group

between 6 and For the group who exercised in the morning,

women had a 7% greater loss of stomach fat and greater leg strength.

The group who exercised in the evening had a greater weight loss and

reduction in blood pressure.

20 However, multiple previous studies do support

the current study finding of reduction in blood pressure in both men

and women who exercised in the afternoon.