2024年4月3日发(作者：)

汉字对周边国家的影响 1．汉字对日本文字的影响 日本民族虽有着古老的文化，但其

本族文字的创制则相当晚。长期以来，其人民是以汉字作为自己传播思想、表达情感的载

体，称汉字为“真名”。五世纪初，日本出现被称为“假名”的借用汉字的标音文字。八

世纪时，以汉字标记日本语音的用法已较固定，其标志是《万叶集》的编定，故称“万叶

假名”。是为纯粹日语标音文字的基础。 日本文字的最终创制是由吉备真备和弘法大师（空

海）来完成的。他们俩人均曾长期留居中国唐朝，对汉字有很深的研究。前者根据标音汉

字楷体偏旁造成日文“片假名”，后者采用汉字革体创造日文“平假名”。尽管自十世纪

起，假名文字已在日本盛行，但汉字的使用却并未因此而废止。时至今天，已在世界占据

重要地位的日本文字仍保留有一千多个简体汉字。 2．汉字对朝鲜文字的影响 朝鲜文字称

谚文。它的创制和应用是古代朝鲜文化的一项重要成就。实际上，中古时期的朝鲜亦如日

本没有自己的文字，而是使用汉字。新罗统一后稍有改观，时人薛聪曾创造“吏读”，即

用汉字表示朝鲜语的助词和助动词，辅助阅读汉文书籍。终因言文各异，无法普及。 李朝

初期，世宗在宫中设谚文局，令郑麟趾、成三问等人制定谚文。他们依中国音韵，研究朝

鲜语音，创造出11个母音字母和17个子音字母，并于公元1443年“训民正音”，公布

使用。朝鲜从此有了自己的文字。 3．汉字对越南文字的影响 十世纪以前的越南曾是中国

的郡县。秦、汉、隋、唐莫不在此设官统辖，故受中国文化的影响较深。越南独立后，无

论是上层人士的交往，还是学校教育以及文学作品的创作，均以汉字为工具。直至十三世

纪，越南才有本国文字——字喃。字喃是以汉字为基础，用形声、假借、会意等方法创制

的表达越南语音的新字。十五世纪时，字喃通行全国，完全取代了汉字Effect of Chinese

characters on neighboring countries on the effects of 1 Chinese characters of

Japanese text of the Japanese nation in spite of ancient culture, but the creation of

the native text is quite late. Long term since, its people is to Chinese characters as

their communication ideas, emotional expression vector, called Chinese characters

for "real name". At the beginning of fifth Century, Japan is called "kana" borrowing

Chinese character phonetic character. In eighth Century, with the Chinese

character marker Japanese speech usage has relatively fixed, the sign is the "leaves

collection" compilation, so called "via manyokana". Is the basis for the pure

Japanese phonetic characters. The final creation of Japanese text is composed of

Kibi makibi and Dharma Master (Kong Hai) to complete the. The two of them per

capita had long stay in China during the Tang Dynasty, has a deep study of Chinese

characters. The former is based on transcription Kaiti radicals cause Japanese

"Katakana", the latter using Chinese leather body "create Japanese hiragana".

Although since tenth Century, kana has been popular in Japan, but the use of

Chinese characters did not therefore abolished. Today, has occupied an important

position in the world of Japanese characters still retain more than one thousand

simplified Chinese characters. Effects of 2 Chinese characters of Korean characters

of the Korean language called hangul. Creation and application of it is one of the

important achievements of ancient Korean culture. In fact, the medieval North

Korea as Japan did not have their own characters, but the use of Chinese

characters. After the reunification of Xinluo slightly changed, when Xue Congceng

created the "officials read", namely with the Chinese character said auxiliary and

the auxiliary verbs in Korean, auxiliary reading Chinese books. The end result of

this paper can not be universal in different words. Chao initial stage, Sejong set

Hangul Bureau in the palace, so Zheng Linzhi, into three Q et al make hangul. They

depend on Chinese phonology, the study of Korean pronunciation, create 11 vowel

letters and 17 consonant letters, and in 1443 ad "hunminjeongum", released for

use. North Korea had their own text. 3 Chinese characters influence on Vietnamese

text before tenth Century Vietnam was China counties. Qin, Han, Sui, Tang is

located in this official governance, so affected Chinese culture deep. Vietnam after

independence, both exchanges upper class people, or school education and the

creation of literary works, all with Chinese characters as a tool. Until thirteenth

Century, the Vietnamese have their own words - Chu nom. Chu NOM is based in

Chinese characters, Vietnam speech expression under the guise of new words

created, pictophonetic, knowing methods etc.. In fifteenth Century, Chu NOM

traffic, completely replaced the Chinese characters