2024年4月1日发(作者:)
英语习语的分类
简述英语成语的分类及其汉译
Abstract: This paper discusses idioms’ major characteristics, and classifies them
according to their semantics and etymology. Three main groups are several
dominant subcategories, each of which is explained and translated at some length
in the following examples. Their stylistic features are characterized with proverb,
slang, colloquial, and literary expressions, etc.
Key words: Idioms, Classification, Translation.
英语成语是英语词汇中的重要组成部分(part and parcel)。当代英语中最常用的成
语有4000余条。许多常用的英语成语来自《圣经》(Bible)和莎士比亚(Shakespeare)
等文学名著。英语成语主要是口语,而汉语成语主要是书面语;English idiom 字数不固
定,而汉语成语多为四字词组。下面分简要介绍一下英语成语及其汉译方法。
一、 英语成语的构成
从文体学来说,广义的英语成语(idiom)包括谚语(proverb)、俚语(slang)、俗语
(colloquial)、成对词(twin words)、三词词组(trinomials)、熟语(catchphrase, lexical
phrase )和习惯搭(habitual collocation, restricted collocation)等。现举例如下:
1. 谚语、格言(proverb),警句(sentence idiom)
英语谚语常有缩写形式,类似汉语的歇后语。例如:
Proverbs are children of experience.
谚语是经验的产物。
It’ s no use crying over spilt milk.
倒翻牛奶,哭也没用。缩写形式:Cry over spilt milk. 含义:覆水难收。
2. 俚语(slang)
俚语为某些人群和地区所特有,适用范围有严格限制,使用时要注意其场合。例如:
screw up 弄糟、一塌胡涂
He screwed the whole thing up from start to finish. 他自始至终一塌胡涂。
Pay off 贿赂
chat up 与异性搭讪
3. 口语(colloquial)。例如:
snake in the grass 暗箭
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